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PuMiflied    l»v"  W.  CoUett ,  ]S  W  Yoi.k,*l8()(). 


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A 


HISTORY 

Ol  THE 

CAMPAIGNS 

OF 

Prince  Alexander  Suworow 
Rymniliskiy 

FIELD  - MARS  HAL-GENERAL    I N    THE  SERVICE 
HIS  IMPERIAL  MAJESTY,  THE  EMPEROR 
OF   ALL   THE  RUSSIAS, 

WITH 

A  PRELIMINARY  SKETCH  OF  HIS  PR  I  VATS 

LIFE    AND  CHARACTER. 

Translated  from  the  German  of  Frederic  Antki^  *, 

TO  WHICH   IS  ADDED, 

A  CON'Clfc  AND  COMPREHENSIVE  HISTORY 

OF  HIS 

ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN. 


VOL.  I. 


mmroRK; 

Pkl  N'TiD  BY  Q.  AND  R.  WAITS,  FOR  WM,  CC3USTT, 
l800.  ti*»A. 


Co  the  llieaöet\ 


J  Offer  to  the  reader  a  His- 
tory of  the  Campaigns  of  a  man,  who 
is  the  object  of  admiration  in  every 
part  of  Europe,  who  has  long  been 
ranked  among  the  most  celebrated  he- 
roes of  the  North,  and  who  has  im- 
mortalized the  glory  of  the  Russian 
arms. 

I  should  have  deferred  the  publica- 
tion of  this  work  to  a  more  distant  pe- 
riod, had  I  not  felt  it  a  duty,  to  yield 
to  the  earnest  solicitations  of  a  crowd 


of  persons,  who  venerate  the  charac- 
ter of  Field- Marfhal-General  Count 
Suwcrow. 

I  flatter  myself  that  this  Essay  will 
And  a  favourable  reception  ;  and  that 
the  public  will  receive  as  much  fatis- 
faction  in  reading  these  Memoirs,  as  I 
have  experienced  in  writing  them. 

Frederick  Antking. 


TABLE 


Ö  F 

CONTENTS. 


R 

JLfioGR aphical  Preface,  containing  a  summary 
account  of  the  private  life  and  character  of  Count 
Alexander  Sitworow  Rymnikski. 

CHAP.  I. 

Seven  years  war  with  the  Prussians, 

Suworozv  enters  into  the  army,  in  1 742.  He  marches 
against  the  Prussians,  in  the  seven  years  zvar,  v/ith 
the  rank  of  first  major,  and  is  at  the  battle  of  Kun- 
ncrsdorf  and  the  taking  of  Berlin,  He  is  appoint- 
cd  to  the  light  troops,  under  the  command  ef  General 
Berg.  Battle  of  Reichenbach,  in  the  .environs  cf 
Brejlaw,  Berg  is  fent  with  a  detach  merit  in  pur- 
fuit  of  the  Prujjians.  Suvjorozo  furprifes  Lands- 
berg.  Engagement  near Si  a  r gar  d.  frequent  flr- 
mifocs.    Suueorew  beats  Courbiere,  and  takes  him 


C    vi  ] 


fri foner.  He  furprifes  Goldnazv.  General  Wen 
ner  is  made  prisoner.  Dearth  of  frovi/ions  in 
Colbcrg.  Forces  the  P  ruffian  general,  Platen,  and 
Prince  Eugene,  of  Wurtemburg,  to  retreat  into 
Saxony.  Colberg  far  renders  to  Count  Romanzow. 
The  troops  go  into  winter  quarters,  ij6i.  Truce, 
b  tween  Prujfia  and  Rußia,  followed  by  a  peace. 
Suworow  is  df patched  to  Peterjhurg,  where  he  is 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  coloneL 

CHAP.  II. 

War  with  the  Confederates  of  Poland,  1769. 

The  Emprefs  proceeds  to  Mofcow  to  be  crowned.  On 
her  return,  attended  a  review  of  the  regiment  of 
Suworow.  Remains  with  his  regiment  at  Lado- 
ga during  two  years.  ,  A  grand  camp  at  Pet  erf- 
burg,  for  the  praclice  of  manoeuvres.  Suworow 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  brigadier.  Marches  into 
Poland  again/I  the  confederates.    Is  fent  to  War- 

faw,  and  completes  eighty  ( German )  miles  in 
twelve  days.    He  beats  Kotelupowfii  near  War- 

faw.  Defeats  and  difperfes  the  troops  command- 
ed by  the  two  Pulawjhis.  Takes  his  quarters  at 
Lublin,  and  h  made  major-genexal.  Falls  in  the 
river  near  Clementow,  and  is  very  much  hurt* 
Afiion  near  Landßron,  in  which  two  marßals 
are  killed,  and  feveral  made  prifoners.  He  re- 
turns to  Lublin.  On  his  march  thither  fights  Pu- 
lawski  and  Nowifi.  Kofakowski  forms  a  fecond 
confederation  in  Lithuania,  and  gains  fome  advan- 
tages over  the  Ruffians.  Suworow  leaves  Lublin, 
in  order  to  attack  it.    Defeats  the  army  of  the 


L  vü  ] 


confederates  under  Oginski.  The  Emprcfs  fends 
him  the  order  of  St,  Alexander.  Adventure  with 
Colonel  Sahrowski.  Suworow  inarches  towards 
Cracozv,  and  joins  a  corps  under  the  command  of 
General  Braniski.  The  confederates  furprife  the 
cqflle  of  Cracow.  Suworow  arrives ,  and  forms 
a  blockade.  The  garrifon  capitulate.  Articles  of 
capitulation.  An  attempt  upon  Tynez.  Entrance 
of  the  Auflrian  and  P  ruffian  troops  into  Poland. 
Firfl  divifion  of  that  kingdom.  Suworow  returns 
to  Peterfburg.  He  is  ordered  to  vifit  the  fron- 
tiers of  Finland. 

CHAP.  III. 

Firfl  war  againft  the  Turks. 

Suworow  arrives  at  the  army  cf  Jafify,  1773« 
ceives  a  command.    Paffes  the  Danube,  and  de- 
feats the   Turks,   at  Turbakay.    The  Emprefs 
fends  the  order  of  St.  George,  of  the  fecond  clafs. 
He  beats  the  Turks  a  fecond  time  in  the  fame  place. 
Poffieffes  himfelf  of  a  confiderable  flotilla.  Receives 
another  command  near  Nif  row.  Defeats  the  Turks 
again  near  that  place.    Retires,  til  with  a  fever, 
into  Rußia.    Returns,  in  the  fpring,  to  the  banks 
of  the  Danube.    Receives  the  brevet  of  lieutenant- 
general.    Commands  the  fecond  divifion,  and  the 
corps  de  referve.  Joins  general  Kanenßi.  Defeats 
the  lurks  near  Kafludgi.    Goes  to  Buchkerefl, 
for  the  recovery  of  his  health.    Peace  is  concluded. 
He  returns  to  Ruffla. 


[  viii  ] 


CHAP.  IV. 

Pagutfchew  puifued  and  made  prifoncr. 

Suworow  is  employed  to  quiet  interior  di/lurbanccs. 
Micbelfon  defeats  Pugatfchew  near  Zarizin.  Su- 
ivorow  purfues  the  rebels  to  Uralski.  He  conducls 
their  chief  prifoncr  to  Simbirsk.  Takes  upon  him 
the  command  of  the  troops  there,  in  the  abfence  of 
Count  Panin.  Rejoicings  for  the  peace  at  Mof- 
cow.  Suworozu  remains  for  fome  time  on  his 
eßaies. 


CHAP.  V. 

Operations  in  the  Cuban  and  the  Crimea. 

Suworow  is  fent  into  the  Crimea,  and  is  prefent  at 
the  elevation  of  Schah  in  Ghiray,  to  the  dignity  of 
Khan.  He  goes  to  Pultawa,  where  he  is  attack- 
ed by  an  infiamatcry  fever.  Rejoins  his  corps  on 
the  Cuban,  and  erecls  fortifications  on  the  banks. 
The  different  people  of  Circaffia.  Goes  to  the 
Crimea  after  the  departure  of  Count  Proforowski, 
and  receives  a  command.  The  Porte  dijiurbcd  at 
the  appointive:  of  the  new  Khan.  Suworow  com» 
pels  a  Turl.ijh  flotilla  to  leave  the  port  of  Achtiar  ; 
and  obliges  the  Captain  Pacha  to  retire,  with  a 
numerous  fleet.  He  brings  away  Greek  and  Ar» 
minian  families  fro?n  the  Crimea  into  Ruffia.  The 
Attukays  make  irruptions  into  the  Cuban.  Treaty 
between  Rußa  and  the  Porte.  Schahin  Schiary 
is  acknowledged  Khan,  by  the  Grand  Sultan.  The 


Rußian  troops  retire  from  the  Cuban  to  the  Cri- 
mea. Suworow  is  charged  with  the  command  of 
the  troops  in  Little  Rujfia.  The  Emprefs  makes 
him  a  prefent  of  her  portrait.  He  takes  a  jour- 
ney to  Peierßurg.  He  is  charged  with  a  com- 
miffion  for  Aftracan,  and  the  Cafpian  Sea.  He 
obtains  the  command  of  the  divifion  of  Cafan, 


CHAP.  VI. 


The  Tartars  of  the  Crimea  and  of  Mogay  fwear 
obedience  to  Ruffia.  An  expedition  againfl: 
thofe  of  Nogay. 

Revolt  againfl  the  new  Khan  of  the  Crimea.  He 
takes  to  flight ,  and  is  re-eflablifhed.  Suworow 
takes  the  command  of  a  corps  in  the  Cuban.  The 
Khan  abdicates  his  dignity.  R(pafl  of  the  Tar- 
tars of  Nogay.  Suworow  compels  them  to  take 
the  oath  of  fidelity.  Second  rcpafl.  Suworow 
receives  a  diploma  from  the  Emprefs,  with  the 
great  crofs  of  the  order  of  Wolodimir.  Details  on 
the  origin  of  the  Tartars  of  Nogay.  The  ancient 
khan  of  the  Tartars  quits  the  Crimea.  He  pro- 
duces  an  infurreölion  among  thofe  of  Nogay.  Di- 
vers aclions  with  them,  and  among  themfelves. 
Numbers  of  them  fly  to  the  other  fide  of  the  Cu- 
ban. Retreat  by  the  wilds  to  J'-'y.  Suworow 
enters  into  winter  quarters  at  Saint  Demetrius. 
Intimate  conneclion  between  Murfabey  and  Suwo- 
row. The  journey  of  the  latter  to  Mo f cow.  He 
receives  the  command  of  the  divißon  of  Wolodomirf 
1785.    Scahin  Schi  ray,  who  has  pafifed  fome  time 


in  Ruffta,  returns  to  Turkey.  He  is  beheaded  at 
Rhodes. 


CHAP.  VII. 

War  cgainfi  the  Turks,  in  1787. 

Suworow  is  named  general-in-chief.  Journey  of 
the  Emprefs  to  the  Crimera.  On  this  occafion 
Suworow  is  appointed  to  command  the  corps  dif- 
tributed  in  the  environs  of  Kiowie  and  Pultawa  ; 
and,  foon  after,  that  of  Cherfon,  of  which  that 
of  Kinburn  makes  a  part.  Kinburn  furprifed 
by  the  Turks.  Bloody  but  victorious  engage- 
ment. Suworow  is  wounded  in  the  arm.  He 
celebrates  the  victory.  Receives  the  order  of 
St.  Andrew.  He  paries  the  winter  at  Kinburn, 
and*  takes  meafures  againfl:  the  future  furprife  of 
that  town. 


CHAP.  VIII. 

Suworowr  receives  the  command  of  the  fleet  on  the 
Black  Sea.  The  Turks  fend  a  confiderable  fleet 
to^Ockzakow.  Suworow  erects  a  ftrong  batte- 
ry near  Kinburn.  Advantages  gained  by  the 
Prince  of  Naffaw,  over  the  Turks,  in  three  differ- 
ent engagements.  They  fuftain  an  immenfe  lofs. 
Halfan  Bacha  returns  to  Conflantinople,  with  the 
remains  of  his  fleet.  Prince  Potemkin  befieges 
Ockzakow.  Suworow  commands  the  left  wing 
of  the  army.  He  is  dangeroufly  wounded  in  the 
neck,  in  a  fally  of  the  garrifon.    He  is  removed 


[    xi.    1  ' 


to  Kjnburn.  A  magazine  of  powder  is  blown 
up,  and  he  is  again  wounded.  Affault  of  Ock- 
zakow. 

CHAP.  IX. 

Suworow  arrives  at  JafTy,  from  Peterfburg.  He 
takes  the  command  of  the  corps  of  Berlat.  Prince 
Saxe  Cobourg  incamps  near  Suworow.  Sultan 
Selim  afcends  the  throne.  He  augments  his  ar- 
my. Cobourg  informs  Suworow  that  the  Turks 
are  on  their  march  againft  him,  and  the  latter 
immediately  forms  a  junction.  Action  of  the 
cavalry  at  Putna.  Battle  of  Forhani.  Capture 
of  the  for  dried  convents  of  Saint  Samuel  and 
Saint  John.  Conference  of  Cobourg  and  Su- 
worow, after  the  victory.  Löfs  of  the  Turks  in 
the  battle.  Letter  of  the  Emperor  Jofeph  to 
Suworow. 


CHAP.  X. 

Return  of  General  Suworow  to  Berlat.  Intelli- 
gence received  of  the  march  of  the  principal  ar- 
my of  the  Turks.  Cobourg  requefts  Suworow 
to  join  him,  and  he  forms  a  junction  by  forced 
marches.  He  confers  with  Cobourg  and  then 
proceeds  to  reconnoitre.  Battle  of  Rymnik. 
Löfs  of  the  Turks.  Their  army  retires  beyond 
the  Danube,  and  difperfes.  Cobourg  feparates 
from  Suworow,  who  is  created  a  Count  of  Ruf- 
fia  and  the  Empire.  He  receives  letters  from  the 
Emperor  Jofeph|and  theEmprefs  of  Ruflia. 


[  x"-  1 


CAAP.  XL 

Suworow  returns  to  Berlat.  He  connects  himfelf 
with  the  Seraikier,  at  Brakilow.  Cobourg  fixes 
his  winter  quarters  near  Suworow.  His  corps 
reinforced.  Haffan  Bacha  as  Grand  Vizier, 
makes  propofals  for  peace.  His  death  puts  an 
end  to  them.  The  Grand  Vizier  paffes  the  Da- 
nube. Suworow  quits  his  winter  quarters.  He 
writes  to  Cobourg,  and  afterwards  joins  him  by 
fenced  marches.  Letter  of  the  Emperor  Leo- 
pold. Armiftice  of  Reichenbach  changes  the 
face  of  affairs.  Suworow  takes  leave  of  Co- 
bourg and  retires.  Letter  of  the  Prince  de  Co- 
bourg. Dulcia,  Kilia,  and  lfaccio  are  taken. 
The  General  Sudowitfch,  and  admiral  Rilas  ap- 
proach lfmail.  The  liege  is  deferred  on  account 
of  the  advanced  ftate  of  the  feafon. 


CHAP.  XII. 

Suworow  receives  orders  to  take  lfmail.  He  mar- 
ches thither.  Reconnoitres  the  place.  Prepa- 
rations made  for  an  affault.  Blockade  of  lfmail. 
Pofuion  of  the  befiegers.  Immenfe  garrifon  of 
Turks.  The  place  fummoned.  The  anfwer  of 
the  Serafkier.  Second  fummons  Harrangue 
of  Suworow  to  the  generals  and  the  troops.  Dif- 
tribuiion  of  the  column,  by  land  and  by  water. 
Signal  of  affault.  The  ramparts  are  fcaled  and 
taken.  Sally  of  the  Turks.  Bloody  combats  in 
the  flreets  and  public  places.  Several  fortified 
buildings  taken.    Importance  of  this  capture. 


[    xiii.  ] 


Feftivals  which  fucceed.  Letter  from  the  Em- 
peror Leopold.  Journey  of  Suworow  to  Peterf- 
burg. 

CHAP.  XIII. 

journey  of  Suworow  to  the  frontiers  of  Sweden. 
He  is  charged  to  command  the  troops  which  are 
in  Finland,  and  the  fleet  flationed  on  the  coaft  of 
that  Province.  He  erecls  redoubts.  Peace  is 
made  with  the  Turks.  He  receives  the  com- 
mand of  the  army  on  the  frontiers  of  Turkey, 
and  fets  out  for  Cherfon.  Letter  from  the  Em- 
prefs  to  Suworow. 

CHAP.  XIV. 

The  laß  campaign  in  Poland,  and  the  downfal  of  that 
kingdom  in  1 794. 

Suworow  leaves  Cherfon  to  infpect  the  frontiers  of 
the  Crimea.  Infurrection  at  Cracow  and  War- 
faw.  The  influence  of  that  event  on  the  Polifli 
foldiers  in  the  pay  of  RuiTia,  &c.  Suworow  re- 
ceives an  order  to  difarm  thefe  brigades.  ^Mea- 
fures  relative  to  this  operation.  His  corps  mar- 
ches that  very  day  in  different  detachments,  and 
executes  the  commiiTion.  He  re-aiTembles  his 
corps  at  Niemerow.  He  pays  a  vifit  to  Count 
Romanzow,  at  his  country  feat. 

CHAP.  XV. 

Events  of  the  war,  fubfequent  to  the  infurreclion  of 
Warfaw.  Siege  of  Warfaw.    Suworow  receives 


C  x*v-  ] 


orders  to  enter  Poland.  The  rapidity  of  his 
march.  Firft  attack  at  Divan.  Defeat  at  Kobrin. 
Defeat  of  the  Poles  at  Krupezye. 


VOL  11. 


[begins  with]  CHAP.  X. 

March  of  the  Ruffians  to  Brzefcie,  where  the  Po- 
lifh  corps  had  retired.  Report  of  a  Jew,  on  the 
pofition  of  Syrakowfki,  &c.  Difpofitions  of  Su- 
worow.  His  corps  paffes  the  river,  during  the 
night.  Syiakowfki  is  attacked.  Enormous  lofs 
of  the  Poles.  Suworow  goes  to  Brzefcie,  and  en- 
camps before  Therefpol. 

CHAP.  XL 

Suworow  demands  of  Prince  Repnin,  that  the  corps 
of  Derfeklen  may  join  him.  Kofciufco  learns 
the  defeat  of  Brzefcie,  &c.  Movements  of  Ge- 
neral Ferfen.  Suworow's  corps  fo  weakened,  by 
its  detachments,  that  it  cannot  undertake  any 
thing.  The  Prince  of  Zizianow  takes  Grabowfki 
prifoner,  kc.  A  courier  from  Makranowfki  to 
Kofciufco  is  taken.  Report  of  Derfelden,  who 
approaches  Suworow.  Ferfen  paffes  the  Viflula, 
gains  the  battle  of  Matfchewiz,  and  takes  Kofci- 
ufco prifoner.  Meafures  taken  by  Suworow  to 
form  a  junction  with  Derfelden  and  Ferfen.  He 


[     XV.  ] 


marches  for  Warfaw.  Some  circumftances  rela- 
ting to  Kofciufco. 

CHAP.  XII. 

Derfeiden  approaches  Suworow.  His  advanced 
guard  defeats  the  rear  guard  of  Makranowfki, 
whofe  corps  retire  to  Warfaw.  Suworow  ap- 
proaches Praga,  a  fuburb  of  that  capital.  Junc- 
tion with  the  corps  of  Ferfen.  He  takes  the  route 
of  Kobylka.  Attacks,  and  almoft  deftroys,  a 
detachment  of  the  enemy,  amounting  to  five 
thoufand  men.  Suworow  fixes  his  head  quarters 
at  Kobylka.  Ferfen  encamps  on  the  left  wing, 
and  Derfeiden  on  the  right.  Preparations  for 
the  affault  of  Praga.  Makranowfki  returns  thi- 
ther, and  refigns  his  command. 

CHAP.  XIII. 

The  generals  reconnoitre  the  fortifications  of  Praga. 
The  majors,  Bifcheffki  and  Muller,  arrive  from 
Warfaw,  charged  with  commiflions.  Anfwer  of 
Suworow  to  General  Zeyonfchik.  Departure  of 
Kobylka  for  the  affault  of  Praga.  The  army  en- 
camps round  that  fuburb.  Batteries  erecled. 
Diftribution  of  troops  for  the  attack.  Affault  of 
Praga.  The  bridge  deitroyed.  Löfs  of  the  Poles. 

CHAP.  XIV. 

The  King  of  Poland,  and  Magiftrates  of  Warfaw, 
fend  deputies  to  Suworow,  refpe&ijig  the  capita- 


L  *vl.  l 


lation  of  Warfaw.  He  confers  with  them,  ai.d 
propofes  the  articles.  Correfpondence  relative  to 
this  object.  Ferfen  palfes  the  Viftula.  Sedition  at 
Warfaw.  The  chiefs  wifh  to  take  away  the  king, 
Sec.  Farther  communications  between  the  king 
and  Suworow.  The  latter  propofes  his  ultimate 
conditions.  The  Polim  troops  evacuate  War- 
faw. The  king  and  the  magiftrates  confent  to 
the  entrance  of  the  Ruffian  troops. 

CHAP.  XV. 

Suworow  enters,  with  his  army,  into  Warfaw.  He 
pays  the  king  a  vifit  of  ceremony.  The  fubfhnce 
of  their  converfation. 


CHAP.  XVI. 

Ferfen  purfues  the  Poles,  who  have  quitted  War- 
faw. They  form  four  confiderable  divifions. 
They,  at  length  lay  down  their  arms.  PalTports 
are  given  to  thofe  who  engage  to  quit  the  fervice. 
Thole  who  refufe  are  fent  into  the  interior  parts 
of  the  country.  Several  Polilh  chiefs  and  gene- 
rals have  fecretly  efcaped. 

CHAP.  XVII. 

A  (ketch  of  the  campaign.  Suworow  receives  the 
ftaff  of  field-marfhal,  the  orders  of  Pruflia,  and 
the  portrait  of  the  Emperor  Francis  II.  and  very 
considerable  portions  of  land,  &c.  from  the  Em- 


[    xvii.  ] 


prefs.  He  paffes  a  year  at  Warfaw.  Makes  a 
review  of  his  army.  His  journey  to  Peterfburg. 
The  honours  he  receives  there.  He  departs  for 
his  new  command  on  the  frontiers  of  Turkey. 
He  fends  his  troops  into  winter  quarters. 


SUPPLEMENT. 

Different  letters,  from  the  Emprefs  Catharine,  the 
Emperor  Francis  IL,  the  King  of  Pruflia,  and  the 
King  of  Poland,  to  Field  Marfhal  Suworow,  du- 
ring and  after  the  campaign  of  Poland. 


vol.  l 


G 


Biographical  Preface. 


In  pafling  through  Cherfon,  on  my  way 
to  Conftantinople,  I  had  the  happinefs  to  form  an 
intimate  acquaintance  with  the  Count  Suworow, 
and  to  pafs  fome  months  at  his  houfe.  Of  fuch  an 
opportunity  I  diligently  availed  myfelf,  to  obtain 
authentic  accounts  of  every  circumftance  that 
was  connected  with  his  military  career ;  and  I 
collected  them  not  only  from  the  oral  relation  of 
feveral  perfons  who  were  witnefles  of  his  glorious 
exploits,  but  from  his  own  perfonal  communica- 
tions. As  to  the  particular  details,  I  have  fince 
compared  them  with,  and  rectified  them  by,  offici- 
al reports. 

But,  however  interefting  it  might  be  to  poflefs 
the  mod  minute  circumftances  of  the  private  life  of 
a  man,  whofe  name  fills  fo  large  a  fpace  in  the  page 
of  history,  it  is  my  office  to  give  no  more  than  a 
general  outline  of  it. 

The  family  of  Suworow  was  originally  from  Swe- 
den, and  of  a  noble  defcent.  The  firft  of  this  name 
fettled  in  Ruflia,  the  latter  end  of  the  laft  century  ; 
and,  having  engaged  in  the  wars  againfl  the  Tar- 
tars and  the  Poles,  were  rewarded  by  the  Czars  of 
that  period,  with  lands  and  peafants. 


LIFE  OF 


l9 


Bafil  Suworow,  the  father  of  the  field-marfhal, 
was  the  godfon  of  Peter  L  He  was  held  in  high 
eftimation  for  his  political  knowledge,  as  well  as 
extenfive  erudition  ;  and  enjoyed,  at  his  death,  the 
two-fold  rank  of  general  and  fenator. 

Alexander  Bafilowltfch  Suworow,  the  hero  of 
this  work,  and  of  Europe,  was  born  in  the  year 
1730.  His  father  had  deftined  him  for  the  robe  ; 
but  his  earlier  inclinations  impelled  him  to  the  pro- 
feflion  of  a  foldier  ;  and  the  fame  fpirit  has  con- 
dueled  him  through  a  long  and  unrivalled  career 
of  glory,  to  attain  the  diftinguifhed  rank  of  field- 
marftial ;  and,  after  having  conquered  for  his  coun- 
try, to  conquer  for  Europe. 

It  is  the  cuftom  for  the  fons  of  perfons  of  diftinc- 
tion,  in  RuiTia,  to  be  enrolled  in  the  army  at  a  ve- 
ry early  age  ;  fometimes,  within  a  year  after  their 
birth.  But  the  young  Suworow  had  attained  twelve 
years  before  his  name  was,  fortunately  for  his  coun- 
try, inferibed  on  the  military  roll  of  the  Ruffian 
army.  He  remained,  however,  at  home  for  a  few 
years,  in  order  to  complete  his  education,  under 
the  fuperintendance  of  a  father,  who  was  fo  well 
qualified  to  conduct  it. 

From  his  earlieft  youth  he  was  enamoured  of  the 
fciences ;  and  improved  himfelf  in  them.  Corne- 
lius Nepos  was  a  favourite  claflic  ;  and  he  read 
with  great  avidity  and  attention,  the  hiftories  of 
thofe  renowned  captains,  Turenne  and  Montecu- 
culi.  But  Caefar  and  Charles  XII  were  the  heroes 
whom  he  moll  admired,  and  whofe  activity  and 
courage  became  the  favourite  objects  of  his  imi- 


LIFE  or 


tation.  Hiftory  and  philofophy  had  great  attrac- 
tions for  him  ;  he  ftudied  the  firft  in  Rollin  and 
Hubner,  and  the  fecond  in  Wolf  and  Leibnitz. 

He  is  mafter  of  the  principal  part  of  the  Euro*, 
pean  languages.  He  fpeaks  and  writes  both  Ger« 
man  and  French,  as  if  they  were  his  native  tongues.* 
He  is  aifo  well  acqainted  with  thofe  of  Italy  and 
Moldavia,  of  Poland,  and  Turkey  ;  and  he  can 
converfe  in  al)  the  various  dialeds  of  the  people 
whom  he  has  fubdued. 

In  1774,  he  married  Barba  Nanowna,  Princefs 
Prolbrow  lid,  daughter  of  the  General  Prince  Iwan 


*  We  mall  here  beg  leave  to  give  an  example  of  his  manner 
of  writing  the  French  language,  by  prefenting  our  readers  with 
an  original  letter,  written  by  him  to  Charette,  when  he  command- 
ed the  royalift  party,  in  La  Vendee,  in  1795  : 

"  Le  General  Suworow  ä  M.  de  Charette,  Generaliflime  des 
"  troupes  du  roi  de  Fiance,  ä  fon  quartier  general. 

"  Heros  de  la  Vendee  !  illuftre  defenfeur  de  la  foi  de  tes 
"  peres,  et  du  irone  de  tes  rois,  falut ! 

"  Que  le  Dieu  des  armees  veille  ä  jamais  fur  toi;  qu'il  guide 
"  ton  bras  ä  travers  les  bataillons  de  tes  nombreux  ennemis,  qui, 
"  marquis  du  doigt  de  ce  Dieu  vengeur,  tomberont  difperfes 
"  comme  le  feuille  qu'un  vent  du  nord  a  fiappe  ! 

"  Et  vous,  immortels  Vendeens,  fideles  confervateurs  de  I'hon- 
4t  r.eur  des  Francais  ;  dignes  compagnons  d'armes  d'un  Heros 
44  guides  par  lui,  relevez  le  Temple  du  Seigneur,  et  le  trone  de 
"  vos  rois  ! 

H  Que  le  mechant  pcriiTe  !  *  *  •  *  Que  fa  trace  s'efTace, 
l*  Alors  que  la  paix  bienfaifante  renaific,  et  que  la  tige  antique 


SU  WO  ROW. 


2T 


Proforowfki  ;  by  whom  he  has  two  children  now 
living  :  Natalia,  Countefs  Suworow,  who  married 
General  Count  Nicolai  Zoubow  ;  and  Arcadius, 
who  is  about  fourteen  years  of  age,  a  youth  of  greai 
promife,  and  a  lieutenant  in  one  of  the  regiments 
of  guards. 

Notwithstanding  his  age,  his  long  and  laborious 
marches,  which  form  an  enormous  aggregate  of  fix 
thoufand  German  miles  (equal  to  twenty  thoufand 
of  Englifh  meafure")  ;  notwithstanding  his  wounds 
and  military  toils,  Suworow  fiill  preferves  the  gai- 
ety of  youth.  He  is  free  from  all  corporeal  weak- 
nefs  and  infirmity  ;  a  circumilance  which  mud  be? 
attributed  to  the  hardy  habits  of  his  fife,  his  rob  lift 
conftitution,  and  rigid  temperance.  Diiüncl  as  he 
is,  in  the  more  ftriking  features  of  his  character,, 
from  the  common  race  of  men  ;  that  diiierence  m 
feen  to  prevail,  even  in  his  ordinary  tranfacliciv:;,  hi 

**  des  Lys,  qne  la  tempete  avott  courbee,  fe  relevc  du  nulle  a  de 
•*  vous,  plus  brillante,  et  plus  maji-frueufe. 

"  Brave  Charette  !  honneur  des  Chevaliers  Francais  !  L'U- 
"  niversefl  plein  de  ton  nom  !  1/ Europe  etonnee  te  cbntempN  , 

" et  moi  je  t'admire  et  te  felieite   Dieu  te  ch 

"  comrne  autrefois  David,  pour  punir  le  Ph  liftjn.  Aijoces  !  8 
"  decrets.    Vole,  attaque,  trappe,  et  la  victoite  iuivrates  pa?. 

"  Tels  font  les  vceux  d'un  foldat  qus  blanrhi  aux  ctramt 
"  1'honneur,  vit  conitamment  la  vi  el  oi  re  curonncr  ia  cunfiancv 
"  qu'il  avoitplacee  dans  le  Dien  des  combats.     G'oi'-e  ä  lui,  cav 
"  il  eft  la  fouree  de  toute  g'oire.     Gloire  a  toi, — Cur  ilte 
«  ric 

"  sv  wo  rot.' J" 

Tjt'fnmier  Ä'Q&ohrt,  1795. 
A.  V.n-fo'uit. 


SUWOROW. 


his  mode  of  living,  and  the  diftribution  of  his 
time. 

He  rifes  about  four  in  the  morning,  both  in  win- 
ter  and  fummer,  in  town,  and  in  the  country.  His 
bed  is  not  contrived  by  art  to  indulge  the  effeminate 
voluptuary,  it  is  not  made  of  down,  or  furrounded 
with  filken  curtains,  but  is  formed  of  the  fimple 
materials  of  nature,  which  afford,  to  the  peafant, 
fatigued  with  labour,  the  refrefhing  fweets  of  fleep. 
A  heap  of  frefh  hay,  fufficiently  elevated,  and  fcat- 
tered  into  confiderable  breadth, is  his  humble  couch. 
A  white  fheet  is  fpread  over  it,  with  a  cufhion  for 
his  pillow,  and  his  cloak  for  a  coverlid.  He  gene- 
rally fleeps  without  body  linen ;  and  in  fummei,  he 
paffes  his  day  and  night  in  a  tent  in  his  garden. 

It  is  not  to  be  fuppofed  that  the  toilet  occupies 
any  portion  of  his  time  ;  but  when  he  is  not  on  ac- 
tive fervice,  he  is  clean  in  his  perfon,  and  frequent- 
ly wafhes  himfelf  in  the  courfe  of  the  day.  He  con- 
fines his  drefs  to  an  uniform,  and  a  kind  of  clofe 
jacket,  called  a  gitrtka :  but  robes  de  chambre, 
and  riding  coats,  are  banifhed  from  his  wardrobe, 
and  he  never  fuffers  the  indulgence  of  gloves,  or 
a  peliffe,  but  when  a  winter's  march  compels  him 
to  ufe  them. 

After  his  breakfaft,  which  confifts  of  tea,  he 
walks,  for  an  hour,  by  way  of  exercife,  and  then 
fits  ferioufly  down  to  the  official  duties  of  the  day. 
He  reads  letters  and  reports,  diftributes  the  necef- 
fary  orders,  and  continues,  without  relaxation,  his 
profeflional  occupations  till  noon.  He  dictates 
luch  alterations  as  he  thinks  jneceflary  to  be  made 


LIFE  OF 


in  the  various  difpatches  which  are  prefented  to 
his  infpection  ;  and  he  will  fometimes  write  them 
himfelf.  His  fly le  is  manly  and  concife  ;  and  fo 
correct  is  he  in  the  choice  of  his  expreffions,  that 
he  is  never  known  to  efface  them. 

The  hour  of  his  dinner  is  irregular,  and  varies 
from  nine  to  twelve  ;  and,  during  his  repaft,  he 
is  frequently  communicative  and  full  of  vivacity  : 
his  table  generally  confifts  of  about  twenty  covers; 
but  he  is  himfelf  a  rare  example  of  temperance, 
and  obferves  the  fafts  of  the  Greek  church  with  the 
mod  undeviating  rigour.  Immediately  after  his 
dinner,  he  paffes  a  few  hours  in  fleep,  and  fupper 
is  not  a  meal  with  him. 

He  knows  little  of  the  amufements  and  paf- 
times  which  luxury  has  invented,  and  laflitude 
demands,  to  quicken  the  pace,  or  relieve  the  bur- 
then, time. 

His  principal  occupation,  and,  at  the  fame  time, 
his  favourite  diversion,  is  war  and  its  duties. 
However  fevere  he  may  be  with  his  foldiers, 
whether  in  their  difcipline  and  manoeuvres,  or  the 
incredible  marches  (fometimes  of  ten  German 
miles  a  day),  by  which  he  has  given  fuch  eclat  and 
effect  to  his  campaigns,  they  all  regard  him  with 
an  affection  which  borders  on  idolatry ;  and  under 
his  command  they  are  infpired  with  a  courage  that 
renders  them  invincible :  but  whether  they  are 
engaged  in  the  hurry  of  a  campaign,  or  enjoying 
the  repofe  of  winter  quarters,  their  neceffary  wants 
and  appropriate  comforts  are  the  conftant  objects 
of  his  protecting  attention. 


24 


LIFE  OF 


The  finall  portion  oF  leüure  which  he  enjoys  is 
devoted  to  reading.  But  as  the  military  fcience 
has  long  been,  and  continues  to  be,  thefole  object 
of  his  regard,  thofe  authors  of  every  nation,  who 
inveftigate,  illuflrate,  or  improve  it,  engrofs  his 
literary  attentions.  He  does  not,  however,  neglect 
to  get  information  of  what  is  paffing  in  the  world, 
from  the  communications  afforded  by  the  journals 
and  gazettes  of  foreign  countries. 

He  diflikes  all  pubhc  entertainments  ;  though 
when  any  particular  circumftance  leads  him  thither, 
he  appears  to  partake,  and  endeavours  to  promote 
the  general  pleafure.  He  will  fometimes  even 
dance  and  play  at  cards,  though  very  rarely  in- 
deed, and  merely  that  he  may  not  interrupt  the 
etiquette  of  public  manners. 

His  father  bequeathed  him  a  confiderable  pro- 
perty, which  the  grateful  bounty  of  the  Emprefs, 
has  confiderably  augmented  ;  though  he  conftantly 
refufed  all  prefents,  in  money  or  land,  till  the 
xntereft  of  his  children  could  be  benefited  by  fuch 
gratifications.  He  entrufts  the  adminiftration  of 
his  private  affairs  to  others ;  and  poffeffes  none  of 
thofe  baubles  which  the  rich  too  generally  regard, 
as  contributing  to  the  enjoyment  and  pleafure  of 
life.  He  has  neither  villa,  nor  plate,  nor  equip- 
age, nor  liveried  fervants,  nor  pictures,  nor  rare 
collections.  As  a  warrior,  he  has  no  fixed  habi- 
tation ;  he  contents  himfelf  with  whatever  he  finds, 
requires  nothing  but  what  abfolute  neceffity  de- 
mands, and  which  may  be  tranfported  with  eafe 
from  one  -place  to  another.  It  is  alfo  among  the 
lingular,  though  unimportant  c  ire  um  fiances  of  his 


■SU  WO  ROW. 


*5 


life,  that  he  has  not  made  ufe  of  a  looking-glafs 
for  twenty  years,  or,  during  that  period,  encum- 
bered his  perfon  with  either  watch  or  money. 

With  refpecl  to  his  character,  he  is  a  man  of  the 
mod  incorruptible  probity,  immoveable  in  his  pur- 
pofes,  and  inviolable  in  his  promifes.  Nor  do  thefe 
fturdy  virtues  difqualify  him,  from  pofiefTmg  the 
moil  engaging  manners.  He  is  continually  driving 
to  moderate  a  violence  of  temper,  which  he  has  not 
been  able  to  extinguish.  An  effervefcent  fpirit  of 
impatience  continues  to  predominate  in  his  charac- 
ter ;  and  it,  perhaps,  never  happened,  that  the 
execution  of  any  of  his  orders  has  been  equal  to  the 
rapidity  of  his  wifhes. 

He  is  fincerely  religious,  not  from  enthufiafm, 
but  from  principle  ;  and  takes  every  opportunity 
of  attending  the  offices  of  public  devotion :  nay, 
when  circumftances  afford  him  the  opportunity, 
he  will,  on  Sundays  and  feftivals,  deliver  lectures 
cn  fubjecls  of  piety,  to  thofe  whom  duty  calls  to 
an  attendance  upon  him. 

The  love  of  his  country,  and  the  ambition  to 
contend  in  arms  for  its  glory,  are  the  powerful  and 
predominant  emotions  of  his  indefatigable,  life,  and 
to  them,  like  the  ancient  Romans,  he  facrifices 
every  other  fentiment,  and  confecrates,  without 
refer  ve,  all  the  faculties  of  his  nature. 

His  military  career  has  been  one  long,  uniform 
courfe  of  fuccefs  and  triumph,  produced  by  his 
enterprizing  courage,  and  extraordinary  prefence 
cf  mind,  by  his  perfonal  intrepidity  and  prompti- 
vol.  i.  D 


26 


LIFE  OF  SUWOROW. 


tude  of  execution,  by  the  rapid  and  unparalleled 
movements  of  his  armies,  and  by  their  perfect  alfu- 
ranee  of  victory,  in  fighting  under  his  banners. 

Such  is  the  private  life  and  character  of  Suwo- 
row :  his  public  actions  are  difplayed  in  the  fucceed- 
ing  volumes. 


CAMPAIGNS 


OF 

PRINCE  ALEXANDER  SUWOROW 
RYMNIKSKL 

CHAP.  L 

EX  TRANCE  OF  SUWOROW  INTO  THE  ARMY  ;  AND 
HIS  FIRST  CAMPAIGN  AGAINST  THE  PRUSSIANS, 
IN  THE  SEFEN  TEARS  WAR» 

OUNT  Alexander  Suworow-Rymnik« 
fki  began  his  military  career  as  a  piivate  lbldier. 
In  1742,  he  was  enrolled  as  a  fufileer  in  the  guards 
of  Seimonow.  In  1747,  he  ferved  as  a  corporal ; 
two  years  after  he  obtained  fome  farther  advance- 
ment, which  was  foon  followed  by  his  promotion 
to  the  rank  of  ferjeant.  During  this  period,  he 
was  employed  as  a  courier  in  Poland  and  Germany. 
In  1754,  he  quitted  the  guards  with  the  brevet  of 
lieutenant  of  the  army.  In  1 7 56,  he  had  the  con- 
duct of  the  provifions ;  was  afterwards  lieutenant 
to  the  auditor-general,  and  appointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  Memel5  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-co- 
lonel. 

He  made  his  firft  campaign,  in  the  feven  years 
war  againft  the  PrulTians,  in  1759  ;  and  entered 
upon  aftual  fervice  under  Prince  Wolgonfki,  and 


*8 


su  wo  row's 


attended,  as  fenior  officer  on  duty,  on  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief Count  Fermor,  who,  admiring 
the  confummate  refolution  which  he  appeared  to 
poffefs,  favoured  him  with  his  particular  confi- 
dence. He  was  alfo  at  the  battle  of  RunnefdorrT, 
and  at  the  captuie  of  Berlin,  by  Tottleben  ;  but 
on  thefe  occafions,  he  found  no  opportunity  to 
acquire  diftinction. 

In  1 76 1,  he  was  ordered  on  fervice  in  the  light 
troops  under  General  Berg.  That  corps  march- 
ed to  Breflau,  and  ferved  to  cover  the  retreat  of 
the  Ruffian  army,  in  which  Major- General  Bal- 
enbach had  been  left  in  the  entrenchments. 

On  the  firft  day  of  this  retreat,  General  Knob- 
loch,  at  the  head  of  a  considerable  body  of  Pruf- 
fian  troops,  marched  againft  the  Ruffians,  with 
drums  beating  and  colours  flying  ;  but  Suworow 
directed  the  artillery  with  fuch  erred,  that  the 
very  firfl  grenades  which  were  thrown,  let  fire 
to  a  large  magazine  of  hay,  and  blew  up  feveral 
chefts  of  powder.  The  cannonade  continued  till 
General  Knobloch  thought  it  neceflary  to  retreat. 
This  affair  took  place  near  the  village  of  Reich- 
enbach, at  a  fmall  diilance  from  Breflau. 

The  body  of  light  Ruffian  troops  proceeded 
to  take  poll  between  two  villages,  called  the  great 
and  the  little  Wanderins,  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Ligntz,  and  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  Pruf- 
fian  army.  The  defign  of  the  King  of  Pruffia  was 
to  interrupt  the  march  of  the  Ruffians  towards 
the  Convent  of  Wal  i  ft  ad  t ;  but  before  day  break 
the  Ruffian  troops  were  in  motion,  and  Suworow 


CAMPAIGNS. 


29 


attacked,  with  great  ardour,  the  Prufikn  advanc- 
ed pofts,  which,  being  forced  to  give  way,  were 
immediately  fupported,  by  the  king's  orders,  with 
feveral  thoufand  men.  The  Ruffians  defended 
themfelves  with  the  moil:  deliberate  courage  and 
regained  their  firfb  pofition.  The  Pruflians  re- 
turned feveral  times  to  the  attack,  but  without 
fuccefs  ;  and  though  the  main  body  of  the  army 
was  approaching  to  their  fupport,  the  Ruffians 
eftablilhed  their  camp  at  Walllladt,  and  enclofed 
k  with  entrenchments. 

Laudohn,  who  was  in  the  neighbourhood,  ad- 
vanced with  thirty  fquadrons,  when  the  king  or- 
dered a  regiment  of  the  Finkenflein  dragoons  to 
arrack  a  flrong  party  of  them  :  but,  though  the 
Pruflians  had  the  advantage  in  this  engagement, 
and  made  a  confiderable  number  of  prifoners, 
they  left  many  of  their  companions  behind  them 
on  the  field. — The  huflars  of  Woldum  and  Mala- 
chowfki  greatly  diftinguifhed  themfelves  on  the 
occafion.  The  Pruflians  encamped  in  the  evening, 
extending  their  left  wing  towards  the  Convent 
of  Wallftadt,  and  entrenched  themfelves-  They 
had  formed  their  camp  at  about  half  a  mile  at 
mod  from  the  Ruffians,  but  the  latter  finding 
themfelves  flraitened  for  their  advanced  pofts,  Su- 
wcrow  and  Lieutenant- Colonel  Tekelly,  attacked, 
with  a  running  fire,  the  ft r eng  picquets  of  the 
Pruffians,  drove  them  in,  and  poileiTed  themfelves 
of  the  ground  which  their  pofition  required. 

On  the  following  day,  after  feveral  ikifmiilies, 
the  corps  of  light  Ruffian  troops  took  the  Con- 
vent, which  was  defended  by  the  artillery  of  the 


3* 


su  wo  row's 


Pruffians ;  but  they  were  foon  diilodged,  and  the 
place  ftrengthened  with  a  considerable  garriion. 
In  a  few  days,  that  part  of  the  army  which  the 
king  commanded  in  perfon  returned  to  its  nrit 
pofition  ;  but  his  majefty  foon  quitted  it  for 
Schweidnitz,  where,  contrary  to  his  ufual  practice, 
he  entrenched  himfelf. 

The  imperial  troops  were  in  polTelTion  of  Lieg- 
nitz  ;  to  the  left  of  which  place  was  the  Ruffian 
camp  ;  and  on  the  left  of  the  camp  was  the  im- 
perial army,  commanded  by  Loudohn,  which,  by 
means  of  a  detached  corps,  formed  a  communica- 
tion with  Liegnitz  ;  fo  that  the  Prufiian  army  was, 
in  a  great  meafure,  inclofed  at  Schweidnitz. 

The  troops  being  rather  fcattered  they  drew 
nearer  to  each  other  ;  Suworow  was  ordered  to 
march  with  a  Ruffian  corps  ;  and  with  fixty  Cof- 
facs  of  Krafnofehi,  he  inftantly  attacked  a  picquet 
of  Prufiian  huifars  confiding  of  about  one  hun- 
dred men  pofted  on  a  hill.  The  Ruffians  were 
twice  repuifed,  but,  on  the  third  charge,  they 
routed  the  enemy  and  gained  the  height  from 
whence  they  faw  the  black  and  yellow  regiments 
of  Prufiian  huffars  in  the  valley  beneath  them.  In 
this  pofition  he  remained  unmolefled,  and  receiv- 
ing, in  about  two  hours,  a  reinforcement  of  two 
regiments  of  Couacs,  amounting  to  about  a  thou- 
fand  men,  he  made  a  movement  in  order  to  at- 
tack the  enemy  ;  but,  as  the  day  began  to  de- 
cline, the  Piufiian  troops  retired  to  their  camp  -9 
and,  during  the  night,  the  Ruffians  took  polTef- 
tlcn  of  the  ground  which  they  had  abandoned. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


3* 


Various  ikirmiflies  took  place  between  the  hof- 
tile  troops ;  but  the  Ruffians  always  contrived  to 
maintain  their  pofts.  One  morning,  in  particular, 
Suworow  with  the  two  regiments  of  Popow  and 
Durowerow  made  fo  clofe  an  attack  on  the  Pruf- 
fian  entrenchments,  that  he  faw  very  diftm&ly  the 
tents  which  formed  the  head-quarters  of  the  king, 
and  drove  back  the  black  and  yellow  hufiars  with 
confiderable  lofs. 

Among  the  Pruffian  deferters  which  continually 
came  over,  one  of  them,  who  was  a  ferjeant,  gave 
Suworow  a  very  minute  account  of  the  magazines 
in  Schweidnitz ;  by  which  it  appeared  that  the 
tcwn  was  ftill  fupplied  with  bread  and  forage  for 
three  months. 

Deferters  were  always  fent  to  the  head-quarters 
of  Field -Marfhal  Butterlin,  but  Suworow  advifed 
General  Berg  to  keep  this  ferjeant  with  him,  leaft 
his  account  of  the  actual  ftate  of  Schweidnitz  mould 
induce  the  Field-Marlhal  to  change  his  prefent  dif- 
pofitions.  General  Berg,  however,  difregarded  this 
propofal :  as  foon,  therefore,  as  it  was  known  that 
there  was  fuch  a  large  fupply  of  provisions  in  the 
place,  and  that  the  Pruffians  who  covered  it  could 
maintain  themfelves  folong,  the  Ruffian  army  aban- 
doned its  pofition,  Ton  the  29th  of  Augu(t)  and 
encamped  behind  Leignitz,  as  it  was  pretended, 
from  the  want  of  herbage.  Laudohn  was  obliged 
alfo,  to  his  great  mortification,  to  refume  the  pofi- 
tion  which  he  had  already  occupied. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  fummer,  in  the  fame 
year,  Count  Romanzow  formed  the  blockade  of 


32 


Colberg.  His  Prufiian  Majefly  to  relieve  that  place, 
detached  General  Platen  at  the  head  of  ten  of 
twelve  thoufand  men,  with  orders  to  direct  his 
march  from  Silefia,  by  Poland,  and  to  deftroy,  in 
his  way,  the  Ruffian  magazines  of  provifions  and 
forage.  On  his  route,  he  fell  in  with  the  Briga- 
dier Tfcherepow,  who  commanded  the  referve  of 
the  flying  magazine  ;  and  defended  himfelf,  with 
ho  more  than  a  thoufand  men,  for  two  hours, 
againft  the  Prufiian  detachment ;  but  was  at  length 
overpowered  by  numbers.  The  brigadier  was 
made  prifoner,  with  eight  hundred  men,  and  the 
lofs  of  four  pieces  of  cannon,  and  they  were  all 
fent  off  for  Cuftin.  The  Ruffians  loft  two  hun- 
dred and  the  Pruffians  four  hundred  men  in  this  en- 
gagement. 

Field-Mar fhal  Butterlin  had  ordered  a  body  of 
light  troops  to  fet  out  on  a  falfe  march,  which  was 
fo  well  managed,  that  from  the  third  day  the  Ruf- 
fians had  it  in  their  power  to  overtake  General  Pla- 
ten. This  corps,  which  was  entirely  cavalry,  con- 
fitted  of  twenly  fquadrons  of  horfe  grenadiers, 
twelve  fquadrons  of  dragoons,  thirty  fquadrons  of 
huftars,  five  regiments  of  CofTacs,  and  fix  pieces  of 
cannon. 

General  Berg,  accompanied  by  Suworow,  joined 
the  advanced  guard  with  four  fquadrons  of  caval- 
ry, four  regiments  of  Coftacs,  and  four  pieces  of 
cannon  ;  and,  by  this  forced  march,  he  cut  off  Ge- 
neral Platen  from  the  grand  magazines  of  Pofnania 
and  other  places. 

The  advanced  guard  met  the  Prufilans  in  the  en- 
virons of  Kortian,and  the  Brigadier-General  Mil- 


CAMPAIGNS. 


33 


gunow  followed  it  with  the  main  body  at  the  diflance 
of  about  a  mile.  General  Berg  accordingly  direct- 
ed him  to  join  the  advanced  guard  ;  though  the 
Jatrer  had  received  orders  to  begin  the  attack  even 
if  that  junction  was  not  effected. 

The  Ruffians,  availing  themfelves  of  the  obfcu- 
rity  of  the  night,  traveried  a  thick  wood,  in  order 
to  come  upon  the  rear  of  the  PrufTian  camp  :  but 
at  break  of  day  the  Pruflians  were  already  formed  ; 
their  firil  line  being  compofed  of  cavalry,  and  their 
fecond  of  infantry.  The  Ruffian  artillery,  howe- 
ver, fmall  as  it  was,  obliged  them  to  change  their 
order,  and  to  bring  their  infantry  in  front.  The 
Pruflians  were  now  fupported  by  thirty  pieces  cf 
cannon  ;  but  the  thicknefs  of  the  wood  prevented 
a  difcovery  of  the  fmall  number  of  Ruffian  troops ; 
fo  that  when  it  became  broad  day -light,  the  form- 
er, inftead  of  making  an  attack,  marched  acrofs  a 
narrow  way,  between  two  pieces  of  water,  with 
their  cavalry  in  the  rear.  General  Berg  purfuei 
them  with  the  advanced  guard,  and  made  two  hun- 
dred prifoners. 

Brigadier  Milgunow  did  not  join  the  advanced 
guard  till  the  morrow,  and  frequent  fkir mimes  took 
place  during  feveral  fucceffive  days,  with  various 
iuccefs  :  they  were,  however,  fufficient  to  force 
General  Platen  to  make  a  movement,  in  order  to 
fret  into  Pomerania,  by  the  left  bank  of  the  river 
Warta.  The  Ruffians,  therefore,  made  a  Hand 
on  the  right  bank,  and  threw  every  poffible  obfta- 
cle  in  the  way  of  the  enemy,  to  interrupt  and  re- 
tard their  march. 


vol.  I. 


E 


34 


su  wo  row's 


Suworow,  with  a  hundred  Coflacs  of  the  regi- 
ment of  Durowerow,  fwam  acrofs  the  river  Netze 
ro  Driefen,  and,  during  the  night,  marched  fix 
miles  to  Landfberg,  a  town  fituste  on  the  Warta. 
He  beat  down  the  gates  with  large  clubs,  rufhed 
into  the  town,  and  made  two  detachments  of  huf- 
farSj  confiding  of  about  fifty  men,  with  their  offi- 
cers, prifoners  of  war.  He  burned  half  the  bridge 
over  the  Warta,  and  remained  in  the  place,  till  the 
Pruffian  detachment,  under  General  Platen,  arri- 
ved on  the  oppofite  bank.  That  officer  immedi- 
ately ordered  pontoons  to  be  thrown  acrofs  the 
river  ;  and,  in  the  mean  time,  directed  the  batta- 
lion of  the  grenadiers  of  Arnim  to  pafs  it  in  boats. 

While  thefe  lefTer  enterprizes  were  proceeding, 
Lieutenant-General  Prince  Dolgorucki  was  detach- 
ed from  the  Ruffian  army  in  Silefia,  to  Colberg, 
with  a  body  of  forces  equal  in  number  and  equip- 
ment to  the  Pruffian  detachment  under  General 
Platen,  which  had  been  appointed  to  the  relief  of 
that  place.  The  Prince  proceeded  in  a  direct  line 
to  Arenfwald,  and  forced  on  his  troops,  by  march- 
es of  greater  length  than  thofe  of  the  Pruffian  ge- 
neral. 

Platen  took  hi*  line  of  march  from  Landfberg 
to  Colberg,  by  the  way  of  Regenwalde  :  General 
Berg  accordingly  ordered  Suworow  to  follow  him, 
with  three  regiments  of  Huffars  and  feven  regiments 
of  CofTacs,  to  harrafs  his  flank  ;  in  which  they  ef- 
fectually fucceeded,  by  driving  in  his  flank  parties 
on  the  right,  and  purfuing  them  almoft  under  the 
cannon  of  the  Pruffian  detachment,  which  was  port- 
ed on  an  height :  but,  though  it  was  by  no  mean? 


CAMPAIGNS. 


35 


inactive,  it  could  not  prevent  him  from  taking  two 
hundred  prifoners,  dragoons  and  hulTars. 

Several  days  were  paflfed  in  (kirmifhing,  till  Su- 
worow  arrived  at  the  river  Rega,  on  whofe  oppofite 
bank  he  found  the  Prince  Dolgorucki.  He,  there- 
fore, returned  to  General  Berg,  at  Stargard,  while 
Platen  continued  his  march  to  Colberg.  In  his 
way,  the  Pruffian  general  made  an  attack  at  Cor- 
lin,  where  Major  Welitfch,  with  a  few  hundred 
men,  covered  a  fmall  magazine.  That  officer 
made  a  very  vigorous  defence,  during  feveral  hours, 
but  was  at  length  obliged  to  yield  to  fuperior  num- 
bers. He  and  the  troops  which  furvived  the  en- 
gagement, furrendered  prifoners  of  war ;  and  Ge- 
neral Platen  gave  him  that  honourable  reception 
which  his  bravery  deferved. 

General  Platen  was,  however,  retarded  by  va- 
rious accidents,  and  could  not  prevent  Prince  Dol- 
gorucki from  forming  a  junction  with  Count  Ro- 
manzow  ;  who  had  actually  received  orders  from 
Field-Marfhal  Butterlin  to  abandon  the  blockade, 
and  to  go  into  winter  quarters,  on  account  of  the 
advanced  ftate  of  the  feafon  ;  but,  on  being 
Jtrengthened  by  fuch  a  confiderable  reinforcement, 
he  determined  to  maintain  his  pofition.  The  King 
of  Pruffia,  therefore,  thought  it  neceflary  to  de- 
tach another  corps,  under  the  command  of  General 
Schenkendorf. 

On  the  15th  of  October,  the  Ruffians  extended 
themfelves,  in  different  detachments,  from  the 
environs  of  Stargard,  along  a  line  of  five  miles  from 
that  town.    Lieutenant. Colonel  Tekelly  was  op- 


su  wo  row's 


pofed  to  one  of  thefe  detachments  with  fome  fquad- 
rons  of  huffars  and  Coffacs  ;  and  General  Berg 
charged  Suworow  with  the  attack  ;  Tekelly,  there- 
fore, received  a  reinforcement,  and  Colonel  Me- 
dem  alio  haftened  to  join  him  with  a  fquadron  of 
the  dragoons  of  Twer. 

Before  break  of  day,  the  Celiacs  fell  upon  a 
village  which  was  occupied  by  infantry,  and  ren- 
dered themfelves  makers  of  it.  The  Pruffian  de- 
tachment was  in  a  plain  beyond  it.  The  Ruffians 
in  coming  out  of  a  wood,  along  a  very  narrow 
way,  were  much  annoyed  by  two  pieces  of  the 
enemy's  cannon  ,  but  as  foon  as  they  could  extend 
themfelves,  Colonel  Medem  fell,  fword  in  hand, 
on  the  Pnimah  battalion  :  Tekelly  and  Suworow 
fupported  him  with  the  light  troops  ;  cut  off  the 
left  flank  of  the  PruiTians,  which  confifted  chiefly 
of  huffars,  and  having,  after  a  vigorous  refinance, 
driven  them  into  a  morafs,  made  prifoners  of  thofe 
who  h,ad  efcaped  the  fword.  In  this  engagement 
Suworow  and  his  horfe  werebemired  in  the  marfliy 
ground,  and  a  dragoon  difplayed  no  common  zeal 
and  activity  in  relieving  him  from  the  perilous  fi- 
tuation. 

Towards  the  conclufion  of  the  combat,  Gener- 
al Berg  arrived  with  a  large  part  of  his  corps.  The 
Ruffians  now  returned  with  their  prifoners  to  Star- 
gard,  and  Suworow  remained  with  the  rear  guard. 
But  no  fooner  had  they  begun  their  march,  than 
feveral  parties  of  the  enemies  troops  were  feen  ad- 
vancing from  the  hills  againfl  them,  led  on  by  the 
regiment  of  Finkenflcin.  Suworow  had  with  him 
about  fixty  Coffacs,  with  whom  he  inftantly  feiz- 


CAMPAIGNS. 


37 


cd  a  fquadron  of  huflars  which  immediately  pre- 
ceded him.  With  this  handful  of  troops  he  ven- 
tured to  attack  the  enemy's  dragoons  on  the  two 
wings,  forced  them  to  give  way,  and  took  two  field 
pieces  with  about  twenty  men.  But  as  he  was  foon 
furrounded  by  the  enemy,  there  was  no  poflibility 
of  his  efcaping  but  by  cutting  a  pafiage  through 
them  ;  an  erTort  which  was  crowned  with  fuccefs. 
He  was  under  the  neceflity  of  leaving  the  cannon ; 
but  he  contrived  to  carry  off  his  prifoners.  Te- 
kelly  now  rejoined  him  with  fome  fquadroijs  of 
huflars  and  three  regiments  of  CofTacs.  On  re- 
ceiving this  reinforcement,  he  renewed  the  en- 
gagement, which  laded  an  hour.  The  Prufiians 
loll  about  a  thoufand  men  in  killed  and  prifoners, 
among  whom  was  the  commanding  officer,  Major 
Podfcharli.  , 

The  Prufllans  had  entrenched  themfelves  near 
Colberg  ;  and  their  number  was  now  augmented 
to  thirty-five  thoufand  men  ;  but  though  there 
was  an  abundance  of  pro  virions  in  the  place/  the 
army  could  not  derive  any  advantage  from  that 
circumftance,  as  ic  had  fo  long  been  in  a  flate  of 
blockade.  At  the  end  of  October,  therefore,  Gen- 
eral Piaten  marched  to  Stetrin,  with  12, coo  men, 
in  order  to  reyiSual  his  army;  leaving  behind 
him  a  body  of  troops,  amounting  to  3000  in 
Troppau,  under  the  command  of  General  Knob- 
loch.  At  the  fame  time,  in  order  to  oppose  his 
paffage,  General  Berg-  detached  Colonel  Schtf- 
chetnew  with  two  regiments  of  cavalry,  and  fome 
fquadrons  of  huflars  and  CofTacs,  which  Count 
Romanzow  enforced  with  a  very  considerable  de- 
tachment. 


3§ 


su  wo  row's 


On  the  junction  of  Prince  Dolgorucki  with  Ro- 
manzow,  the  Ruffian  army  that  blockaded  Col- 
berg  was  equal  in  number  to  that  of  the  Pruf- 
fians,  whofe  object  was  to  relieve  it.  There  were 
frequent  engagements  between  the  advanced  pofls 
of  the  two  armies ;  redoubts  and  batteries  were 
alternately  taken  and  abandoned  ;  but  thefe  par- 
tial conteits  did  not  bring  on  any  decifive  action. 

The  RufTian  light  troops  advanced  from  the 
environs  of  the  village  of  Stargort  againlt  Gener- 
al Platen,  and  the  hoftiie  parties  approached  each 
other  on  the  near  fide  of  the  river  Rega.  Gen- 
eral 13erg  entrufted  the  command  to  Colcnel 
Schtfchetnew,  and  went  himfelf,  on  horfeback, 
efcorted  by  two  fquadions  of  huiTars  and  as  many 
regiments  of  CoiTacs,  to  reconnoitre  the  Pruffians. 
As  he  advanced  from  a  wood,  by  a  narrow  way, 
he  found  the  PiuiTians  ready  to  receive  him.  It 
was  their  left  wing  which  prefented  itfelf  in  this 
unexpected  mannet  :  he,  however,  turned  its  flank 
at  full  fpeed,  without  being  incommoded  by  their 
field-pieces ;  but  the  dragoons  purfued  him  fvvord 
in  hand.  There  was,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
before  him,  a  tract  of  marfhy  ground,  ftveral  hun- 
dred paces  in  breadth,  an  obltacle  which  the  Ruf- 
fians lurmounted  with  gTeat  difficulty.  The  Pruf- 
lian  dragoons  and  huiTars  were  clofe  at  their  heels 
but  no  looner  had  they  palled  the  morafs  in  their 
purfuit,  than  the  Ruffians  wheeled  about,  drove 
them  back  into  the  ruidft  of  it,  and  took  a  confr- 
dtrable  number  of  them. 

The  main  body  of  the  Ruffians  was  Hill  at 
fome  diftance.    To  the  left  cf  the  village,  and 


CAMPAICNS. 


39 


about  3  or  400  paces  from  it,  there  was  an  open 
road,  which  the  regiment  of  Finkerflein  dragoons 
crofled,  and  halted  on  the  banks  of  the  river.  The 
Ruffian  and  Pruflian  armies  were  now  feparated 
only  by  a  fmall  hill,  and  a  very  narrow  hollow 
way.  When  the  firft  PrulTian  fquadron  prefented 
itfelf,  Suworow,  with  two  hundred  huflars,  turn- 
ed them  by  the  hollow  way,  attacked  them  fword 
in  hand.  He  was  received  with  a  difcharge  of 
their  carbine?,  and  the  a&ion  was  warmly  con- 
tended :  but  the  fquadron  was  at  length  driven  off 
the  field.  The  platoon  firing  of  fome  Pruflian 
battalions,  who  were  on  the  other  fide  of  the  riv- 
er, was  without  effect. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  main  body  of  the  Ruf- 
fians advanced  :  but  as  night  approached  the  two 
armies  feparated,  and  the  Pruffians  returned  to 
their  camp. 

After  a  fuceemon  of  (kirmifhes,  in  which  the 
fuperior  ilrength  of  the  enemy  predominated,  Su- 
worow applied  to  General  Fermor,  whofe  head- 
qaurters  were  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Arenfwald, 
for  a  reinforcement,  which  was  accordingly  pro- 
mifed  to  him.  As  he  was  on  his  return  to  Gen- 
eral Berg,  he  was  overtaken  by  a  violent  ftorm, 
accompanied  with  heavy  rain.  He  had  only  two 
CotTacs  with  him,  and  having  loft  his  way,  in  a 
thick  wood,  on  the  next  day  came  fuddenly  upon 
the  Pruflian  camp,  which  was  within  three  miles 
ofGolnau.  Though  nothing  could  be  more  un- 
expected by  him  than  fuch  an  accident,  he  avail- 
ed himfelf  of  it  to  make  obfervations,  which  on  a 
future  cccafion  were  highly  ufcful  to  him.  He, 


40 


su  v,ro  row's 


however,  quickly  retraced  his  way  to  bis  own  corps, 
which  was  not  more  than  half  a  mile  from  the 
Pruflian  army. 

He  had  not  changed  his  clothes,  when  the  Ruf- 
fians proceeded  to  attack  the  enemy.  In  the  mean 
time,  Prince  Wolgonlky  approached  with  two  le- 
giments  of  cuiräffiers,  and  Lieutenant- General 
Count  Panin  was  detached  with  three  battalions  by 
General  Fermor,  who  hirafelf  followed  with  a  con- 
fiderable  efcort. 

Towards  noon,  the  advanced  guard  of  General 
Platen,  commanded  by  Colonel  de  la  Motte  Cour- 
biere,  moved  forward  to  attack  the  Ruffians  on  a 
large  plain,  without  wood,  and  which,  from  the 
inundation  occafioned  by  the  late  ftorm,  had  the 
appearanse  of  a  morafs.  This  advanced  guard 
con  filled  of  two  battalion?,  and  about  ten  fquad- 
rons  of  huflars  and  Bofnian  cavalry.  The  Ruffian 
hufiars  which  led  the  march  were  immediately  de- 
feated by  the  Prufflans,  and  among  many  others, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Fuker  was  made  piii'oner  by 
Kipfld,  the  Bofnian  commandant.  Six  fquadrons 
of  horfe  grenadiers  followed  the  huiTars. — Suwo- 
row  overtook  them,  and  placed  himfelf  at  their 
head.  They  had  been  haraffed  in  their  march  by 
themufquetry  of  the  enemy,  but  had  not  fu (lain ed 
any  considerable  Iofs.  At  this  time,  Courbiere  had 
formed  his  battalions  in  a  fquare,  and  the  horfe 
grenadiers,  inftantly  forming  themfelves  in  lines, 
attacked  it  with  irrefnlible  impetuofity.  The  fire 
of  the  Pruflians  was  weak  and  ineffectual,  from  the 
humid  ftate  of  their  pieces.  They  weie  at  length 
furrounded,  and  the  whole  fquare  threw  down  their 
arms.  Suworow  immediately  fetr  about  rallying  his 
hufTars  ;  and,  having  got  them  together,  and 


CAMPAIGNS. 


ft  lengthened  them  with  a  party  of  Coffacs,  he  fell 
fuddenly  upon  the  Pruffian  cavalry,  who  were  ad- 
vancing towards  them,  and  made  many  prifoners  ; 
among- whom  was  Kiplki,  the  Bofnian  command- 
ant. Lieutenant-Colonel  Fuker  accordingly  reco- 
vered his  liberty* 

General  Platen,  who  was  not  yet  in  motion,  was 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  behind  his  advanced  guard. 
A  body  of  foraging  dragoons  were  in  his  front ; 
but  Suworow  fell  upon,  and  took  the  greater  part 
of  them. 

The  detachment  of  Courbiere,  which  confifted, 
including  the  foragers,  of  near  two  thoufand  men, 
had  two  hundred  killed,  and  the  reft  were  made 
prifoners,  among  whom  were  forty  fuperior  and 
field  officers.  The  few  who  efcaped  were  indebted 
for  their  prefer vation  to  the  fwiftnefs  of  their  hor- 
fes.  On  the  fide  of  the  Ruffians,  the  huflars  fuf- 
fered  the  mod  ;  but  the  horfe  grenadiers  loft  no 
more  than  fifty  men. 

The  troops  that  the  Count  Fermor  had  detached 
were  yet  at  a  certain  diftance  ;  while  Generals 
Berg  and  Wolgonfki  remained  in  a  village  with 
their  forces.  Platen  now  wheeled  about,  and 
marched  through  the  woods  to  Golnau  :  but  he 
only  palTed  through  the  place,  where  he  left  a 
fmall  number  of  infantry,  and  formed  his  camp 
on  the  other  fide  of  it. 

Before  day -break  the  Ruffians  were  in  motion, 
and  halted  on  this  fide  the  town  ;  the  gate  was  im- 
mediately cannonaded,  but  it  was  fo  ftrongly  bar- 

vol.  i*  F 


su  wo  row's 


ricadoed  as  to  refift  the  attack.  In  confequence  of 
this  failure,  Panin,  at  a  very  early  hour  of  the 
morning,  difpatched  his  grenadiers,  under  the 
conduct  of  Suworow,  and  two  battalions  of  fufi- 
leers. 

That  officer  brought  his  troops  at  once  to  the 
gate,  through  which,  and  from  the  walls,  the 
PrufTians  kept  up  a  conftant  fire,  by  which  a  cap- 
tain and  fome  officers  were  killed.  Suworow  him- 
felf  loll  his  horfe,  and  was  fome  time  on  foot,  while 
his  people  were  exerting  themfelves  to  force  the 
larger  gate  :  but  at  this  moment  Lieutenant  Tau- 
brin  difengaged,  with  his  own  hand,  a  bayonet 
that  fattened  the  fmaller  gate  on  the  infide  ;  by 
which  means  a  palfage  was  opened  for  the  grena- 
diers, who  rufhed  into  the  ftreets,  fell  upon  the 
garrifon,  made  a  great  part  of  it  prifoners,  and 
purfued  the  reft  to  the  bridge  on  the  other  fide  of 
the  town,  and  in  fight  of  the  Pruffian  camp. — 
Suworow  was  hurrying  onwards,  when  fome  of 
his  troops,  who  were  behind,  called  upon  him  to 
turn  back, — and  at  that  moment  he  found  himfelf 
alone  with  Taubrin.  It  was  in  this  pofition  he 
received  a  contufion  on  his  breaft  from  the  rebound 
of  a  mufket-ball,  difcharged  from  the  other  fide 
of  the  wall  ;  but  it  did  not  prove  mortal. — He 
immediately  went  into  a  houfe  to  bathe  his  wound 
with  brandy,  till  the  fuperior  aid  of  a  furgeon 
could  be  procured. 

The  ConntPenin  had  alfo  entered  the  town  with 
his  battalion,  fo  that  the  Ruffians  were  in  complete 
polTeffion  of  it ;  but  as  it  had  never  been  their  in- 
tention to  maintain  it  in  the  face  of  Platen's  army, 
they  very  foon  abandoned  it. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


43 


The  Ruffians  now  returned,  in  different  bodies, 
to  their  refpeclive  ftations  :  but  Platen  proceeded 
by  Damm  to  Stetten.  Berg  alio  marched  with  the 
light  troops  to  Treptow,  where  Knobloch  was 
blockaded  with  the  three  thoufand  men  he*  com- 
manded of  the  Pruffian  body  of  referve.  At  his 
approach,  Knobloch  furrendered  himfelf  prifoner  to 
Count  Romanzow.  In  confequence  of  that  event, 
Berg  returned  to  Stargard,  where  he  generally  fix- 
ed his  head  quarters. 

Colonel  Medem  being  obliged,  from  his  bad  flats 
of  health,  to  fubmit  to  a  fufpenfion  of  his  military 
fervice,  Suworow  took  upon  him  the  command  of 
the  dragoons  of  Twer. 

The  Pruffians  renewed  their  efforts  on  the  fide  of 
Colberg,  agamft  the  Ruffians,  with  flrong  detach- 
ments of  obfervatian.  General  Berg,  therefore, 
immediately  began  his  march  with  the  left  column 
of  his  forces,  and  charged  Suworow  with  the  con- 
duct of  the  right,  which  confided  of  three  regi- 
ments of  huflais,  two  regiments  of  Celiacs,  and  the 
regiment  of  dragoons  of  Twer. 

He  now  advanced  againfl  Naugar ten,  where  two 
battalions  were  polled,  with  Pomenfki's  regiment 
of  dragoons.  Suworow  made  his  attack  in  two 
lines,  with  intervals,  and  broke  through  the  dra- 
goons :  he  then  charged  the  battalion  of  Prince  Fer- 
dinand, killed  a  confiderable  number,  and  took  up- 
wards of  a  hundred  prifoners ;  the  greater  part  of 
which  belonged  to  the  Prince's  own  company.  In 
this  attack,  he  very  narrowly  efcaped,  for  the  horfe 
he  rode  was  twice  wounded  by  mufquet-Pnot.  The 


44 


SU  WO  ROW  S 


Pruffians,  however,  kept  up  fuch  a  fire  from  the 
houfes,  that  the  Ruffians  were  compelled  to  retreat, 
and  formed  upon  a  hill  to  the  right.  They  left 
many  of  their  comrades  behind  them ;  but,  the 
death  of  the  brave  Major  Erdmann,  was  a  fubject 
of  univerfal  regret. 

General  Platen  at  length  appeared  with  a  conn- 
derable  convoy  of  provifions,  which  he  was  con- 
cluding from  Stettin  to  Colberg.  He  marched  with 
the  main  body  of  the  army ;  io  that,  though  rhey 
never  quitted  him,  the  Ruffians  found  it  impcffible 
to  make  an  attempt  with  any  profpecl  of  fuccefs. 

Suworowhad  fent  thirty  dragoons  with  an  officer 
on  a  foraging  party,  at  a  fmall  distance  from  Re- 
genwald, who  were  intercepted  by  a  regiment  of 
Pruffian  dragoons.  He  confidered  them  as  loft; 
but,  on  the  next  day,  the  brave  officer  and  his  par- 
ty returned.  He  had  loft  only  fix  men,  and  in  re- 
venge had  brought  feveral  priloners  with  him. 

It  was  now  the  end  of  November  ;  the  kz{on 
extremely  cold,  rhe  reads  ftrewed  with  frozen 
Pruffians.  Forced  marches  had  dellroyed  their 
clothes,  and  they  were  but  wretchedly  pioteäed 
againft  the  inclemency  of  the  weather.  On  the 
contrary,  the  Ruffians  were  warmly  clad,  and  loll 
but  few  of  their  people. 

Platen  now  approached  Colberg  ;  the  Ruffians 
followed  his  example,  and  Suworow  took  poft, 
with  the  dragoons  of  Twer  and  two  other  regi- 
ments of  horfe  grenadiers,  'in  the  left  wing  of 
Count  Romanzow's  army. 


CAMPAIGNS, 


On  the  firft  of  December,  Platen  took  his  po- 
rtion on  a  hill.  The  Ruffian  cavalry  had  dif«. 
mounted  in  confequence  of  the  cold  ;  when  the 
Prullian  artillery  began  to  play  upon  the  fknk  of 
the  Ruffians,  which  compelled  the  horfe  grenadiers 
to  retire  to  a  greater  diftance  ;  though  they  (till 
remained  near  the  dragoons  of  Twer,  who  had  not 
quitted  their  fituation. 

The  Ruffians  were  protected  in  front  by  a  deep 
hollow,  formed  by  nature,  which  was  now  filled, 
with  fnow.  It  was,  therefore,  impoflible  for  the 
enemy  to  attack  them  ;  at  the  fame  time,  they  were 
equally  prevented  from  attacking  the  enemy.  On 
the  other  fide  of  the  ditch,  there  was  a  Pruffian 
redoubt,  commanded  by  Lieutenant- Colonel  Sta- 
kelberg,  and  defended  by  three  companies  of  gre- 
nadiers. The  Ruffians  affaulted  this  redoubt  with 
great  fpirt,  and  were  for  fome  time  repulfed  with 
equal  bravery  ;  but,  at  length,  the  commandant 
was  defeated  and  taken  prifoner,  with  a  part  of  his 
troops  and  two  pieces  cf  cannon. 

Platen  new  endeavoured  to  introduce  his  pro- 
vision-waggons  into  Colberg,  by  three  different 
pa  (Tages,  but  fuch  a  conftarit  fire  was  employed 
againfl  him  from  the  Ruffian  entrenchments,  that 
he  found  it  impcffible  to  effect,  his  defign.  In  the 
evening  of  the  day,  when  he  made  this  unfuccefs- 
ful  attempt,  he  retired  with  all  his  troops  to  Trep- 
tau,  and  loft  a  great  number  of  them  from  the  fe- 
verity  of  the  frofl.  The  two  battalions  of  Schenk- 
endorf, which  formed  apart  of  the  advanced  pofts, 
alone  fuflained  a  lofs  of  fix  hundred  men. 

t 


su  wo  row's 


Lieutenant-Colonel  deHeyde,  who  commanded 
in  the  town  of  Colberg,  not  having  fuflicient  pro- 
vifions  for  the  fupply  of  his  garrifon,  was  under 
the  neceffity  of  refufmg  Prince  Eugene  of  Wurtem- 
berg  the  quota  he  demanded  ;  who  accordingly 
left  the  place,  and  formed  a  junction  with  Platen. 
There  were  now  no  Pruffians  before  Colberg  ;  and 
Prince  Eugene  having  quitted  Platen,  the  latter  was 
left  alone  to  conduct  the  remains  of  his  army,  which 
had  melted  down  from  thirty-five  to  ten  thoufand 
men.  With  them,  however,  he  bravely  maintain- 
ed his  winter-quarters  in  Saxony. 

The  Ruffian  light  troops  fldr£ed  the  Pruffians  on 
their  march,  and  a  few  flight  fkirmifhes  took  place 
in  the  courfe  of  it.  When  General  Platen  removed 
to  Stargard,  Suworow  attacked  his  rear  guard 
with  the  dragoons  of  Twer,  but  he  obtained  no 
advantage,  as  his  cavalry  floundered  in  a  morals 
which  was  not  fufficiently  frozen  to  bear  them,  and 
where  the  jenemy's  infantry  could  maintain  their 
ground.  He  efeaped,  however,  without  any  con- 
fiderable  lofs. 

The  fame  night,  General  Berg  threw  fome  gre- 
nades into  Stargard,  at  the  moment  when  General 
Platen  had  formed  the  defign  to  abandon  it. 

On  the  1 6th  of  December,  Colonel  de  Heyde, 
furrendeied  to  Count  Romanzow,  and  thus  this 

campaign  was    brought  to  a  termination.  

The  latter  remained  in  Pomerania  with  the  light 
troops,  and  the  Count  Fermor,  with  the  reft  of  the 
army,  fixed  his  winter  quarters  cn  the  banks  of  the 
Viftula. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


On  the  1 6th  of  March,  1762,  the  Prince  Mo!- 
gonfkiand  the  Düke  of  Bevern,  governor  of  Stet- 
tin, agreed  to  an  arrniftice  ;  that  was  followed  by 
a  treaty  of  peace  between  Ruffia  and  Pruilia,  which 
was  iigned  on  the  5th  of  May  in  the  fame  year. 

In  the  courfe  of  the  fame  month,  General  Berg, 
accompanied  by  feveral  of  his  officers,  paid  a  vifit 
to  the  Duke  of  Bevern,  and  was  received  with 
fplendid  hofpitality.  A  füperb  entertainment  was 
provided  on  the  occafion,  and  the  evening  was 
enlivened  with  the  dance.  On  the  following  morn- 
ing, the  duke  accompanied  his  vifitors  on  horfe- 
back  through  every  part  of  the  fortrefs,  and  its 
out-works.  He  paid  particular  attention  to  Su- 
worow,  and  permitted  him  to  copy  a  plan  of  the 
campaign  which  was  then  meditated  againll  Den- 
mark. All  the  Ruffian  officers  remained  at  Stet- 
tin till  the  next  day,  when  they  took  leave,  highly 
pleafed  and  flattered  by  the  very  polite  and  hofpita- 
ble  reception  of  the  Duke  öf  Bevern. 

Colonel  Med  um  returned  to  his  regiment  of 
Twer,  when  Suworow  received  the  command  of 
the  regiment  of  dragoons  of  Archangelgorod. — 
Although  he  was  attached  to  the  infantry  fervice, 
Count  Romanzow  prefented  him,  at  the  general 
promotion,  as  colonel  of  cavalry,  from  his  fupeiior 
knowledge  in  that  department  of  the  army  ;  but 
there  were  certain  obstacles  which  caufed  that  line 
of  promotion  to  be  abandoned.  Soon  after,  the 
Count  Panin,  who  commanded  in  Pomerania,  lent 
him  to  Peteifburg  with  an  account  of  the  return  of 
the  troops.  On  this  occafion,  he  gave  him  a  fpe- 
cial  letter  of  recommendation  to  the  Emprefs,  who 
prefented  him  with  a  Colonel's  comnnffi:)n,  written 
with  her  own  hand. 


SUWOROW'S 


CHAP.  iL 

SU  WO  ROW  IS  ADVANCED  TO  THE  RANK  OF  BRIG  A- 

DIER.  CAMPAIGN  AGAINST  THE  CONFEDERATES 

IN  ROLAND. 

IN  the  month  of  Auguft,  1762,  Suwor- 
ow  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  regi- 
ment of  infantry  of  Altrachan,  which  was  in  gar- 
rifon  at  Peterfburgh  ;  and  when  the  ceremonial 
of  her  coronation  called  the  emprefs  to  Mofcow, 
fhe  ordered  him  to  remain  at  Peterfburgh,  where 
fhe  charged  him  with  the  execution  of  fome  very 
important  commiflions,  After  her  return,  his  re- 
giment was  fent  to  dillant  fervice,  and  was  replac- 
ed by  the  infantry  regiment  of  Sufdal,  confining 
of  more  than  a  thoufand  men,  of  which  he  received 
the  command  in  1763.  Suworow  employed  him- 
felf  very  much  in  forwarding  the  new  manoeuvres, 
which  were  introduced  into  the  Ruffian  fervice  at 
that  period  ;  and  the  emprefs  exprefled  great  fatis- 
faclion  when  fhe  firft  faw  them  pradifed  at  a  review, 
which  fhe  honoured  with  her  prefence,  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  autumn.  The  officers  were  permit- 
ted to  kifs  her  hand,  and  every  private  foldier  re- 
ceived a  rouble  for  his  particular  gratification. 

In  the  autumn  of  the  following  year,  Colonel 
Suworow  went,  with  his  regiment,  into  garrifon  at 
Ladoga. 

In  1765,3  camp  of  exercife,  confifling  of  thirty 
thoufand  men,  was  formed  on  a  large  plain  before 
Kfarccfelo.    The  emprefs  commanded,  in  perfon, 


CAMPAIGNS. 


49 


the  divifion  of  St.  Peterfburg ;  and  the  Count 
Panin  commanded  that  of  Finland.  Suworow  was 
there,  among  the  light  troops,  with  the  firft  batta- 
lion of  his  regiment  ;  the  lecond  battalion,  com- 
manded by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Ballabin,  being  ap- 
pointed to  do  duty  at  the  head-quarters  of  her 
imperial  majefty.  The  camp  continued  during  fix 
days,  when  the  divifions  feparated,  and  Suworow's 
regiment  returned  to  Ladoga. 

In  1 76S,  Colonel  Suworow  was  advanced  to  the 
rank  of  brigadier  ;  and,  as  the  war  was  juft  com- 
menced againft  the  confederates  of  Poland,  he  was 
ordered  to  repair,  with  all  fpeed,  to  the  frontiers  of 
that  kingdom,  in  the  courfe  of  November,  and  in 
the  moft  unfavourable  feafon  of  the  year.  In  order 
to  habituate  his  regiment  to  the  fatigues  of  war,  he 
proceeded  from  Ladoga  to  Nowogorod.  He  pafied 
various  bridges,  croffed  rivers  and  morafles,  whofe 
paflage  was  rendered  more  difficult  by  flight  frofts, 
and  traverfed  a  thoufand  verfts,  or  five  hundred 
Englifh  miles,  in  the  courfe  of  a  month.  In  this 
extraordinary  and  fatiguing  march,  he  loft  only  a 
few  men  in  the  environs  of  Smolenfko. 

The  body  of  troops  which  marched  into  Poland, 
confided  of  four  regiments  of  infantry,  two  regi- 
ments of  cuiraffiers,  and  two  brigadiers,  under  the 
command  in  chief  of  Lieutenant-General  Numner. 
Suworow  commanded  a  brigade.  During  the  win- 
ter, he  wras  continually  engaged  in  improving  his 
regiment  in  their  manoeuvres,  and  habituating  them 
to  every  a&ion  that  would  be  required,  and  every 
circumftance  that  might  happen,  in  a  ftate  of  aftual 
fervice. 

vol.  1.  G 


5s 


su  wo  row's 


In  the  following  fummer  of  1769,  thefe  troops 
were  ftationed  on  the  frontiers  of  Poland.  General 
Numner  took  his  route  to  Oifa,  and  Brigadier  Su- 
worow  had  preceded  him,  fome  days,  with  the 
advanced  guard.  It  was  compofed  of  a  fquadron 
of  cuiraftiers,  a  fquadron  of  dragoons,  and  his  own 
regiment  of  Sufdal.  He  had  diftributed  the  whole 
into  four  battalions  ;  one  of  grenadiers,  another  of 
tirailleurs,  and  two  of  fufileers.  They  remained 
for  fome  weeks  in  an  entrenched  camp,  before  Orfa, 
and  then  proceeded  on  their  march  to  Miniki,  the 
advanced  guard  being  conducted  by  Suworow.  On 
his  arrival  in  that  country,  he  extinguished  on  their 
firft  appearance,  the  difturbances  that  threatened  it. 
He  did  not,  however,  remain  there  for  any  length  of 
time,  but  was  difpatched  in  great  hafte  to  Warfavr 
with  his  regiment,  and  two  fquadrons  of  dragoons  ; 
and  to  facilitate  the  march,  he  diftributed  his  corps 
into  two  columns.  All  his  infantry  was  conveyed  on 
farmer's  waggons,  with  bayonets  fixed,  that  they 
might  be  prepared  for  any  fudden  attack.  One 
half  of  the  dragoons,  in  order  to  fave  their  horfes, 
went  alternately  in  the  waggons,  and  the  other 
half  led  the  horfes  of  their  comrades.  Thus  they 
travelled,  and  in  twelve  days  arrived  in  the  fuburbs 
of  Praga,  on  the  other  fide  of  Warfaw. 

In  his  march,  Suworow  crolTed  Lithuania,  where 
he  appeafed  the  difcontents  of  the  people.  The 
Hulan  regiments  of  Peliak  and  Korfiyki  being  en- 
camped in  the  environs  of  Brzefcia,  he  furprifed 
them  during  the  night,  by  levelling  a  cannon,  which 
had  been  efcorted  by  a  company  of  infantry,  again  ft 
the  door  of  the  principal  officer's  quarters.  The 
reft  of  the  troops  remained  as  a  body  of  referve, 


CAMPAIGNS. 


and  the  bufinefs  was  completed  without  efTufion  of 
blood.  The  two  chiefs,  with  their  officers  and 
fquadrons,  gave  a  written  engagement  never  more 
to  take  up  arms  againft  the  Ruffians,  and  immedi- 
ately abandoned  the  confederacy. 

General  Weimarn  being  appointed  to  the  princi- 
pal command  in  Poland,  he  ordered  Brigadier  Su- 
worow to  attend  him  fecretly  in  the  night,  and 
informed  him  that  very  great  uneafinefs  prevailed 
throughout  the  city  of  Warfaw,  which  were  occafi- 
oned  by  the  march  of  the  rebel  Marfhal  Kotelup- 
owlki,  who  was  advancing  with  eight  thoufani 
men,  as  well  by  land  as  on  the  Viftula. — Suworow 
immediately  collected  a  company  of  grenadiers,  a 
fquadron  of  dragoons,  fifty  light  troops,  and  fome 
Coffacs,  with  one  piece  of  artillery,  and  proceeded 
up  the  left  bank  of  the  Viftula  ;  and  when  he  had 
advanced  about  a  mile,  he  croffed  the  river,  at  a 
place  where  it  was  not  of  any  great  depth,  to  meet 
Kotelupowfki ;  whom  he  completely  routed,  and 
made  feveral  prifoners.  From  the  latter  he  endea- 
voured to  difcover  the  real  number  of  the  confede- 
rates, as  well  as  the  detachments  of  their  troops, 
the  places  where  they  were  ftationed,  and  the  names 
•f  their  chiefs. 

In  the  courfe  of  a  few  weeks  it  was  known,  that 
the  two  Marfhals  Pulawfki,  as  well  as  others  of 
equal  rank,  were  in  Lithuania  with  ten  thoufand 
confederates.  Suworow,  accordingly,  put  himfelf 
in  motion  with  a  detachment,  compofed  of  one 
company  of  grenadiers,  two  companies  of  fufileers, 
a  tight  battalion  of  tirailleurs,  a  fquadron  of  dra- 
goons, fifty  Coffacs,  and  two  pieces  cf  cannon.  By 


5* 


su  wo  row's 


forced  marches  he  arrived  at  Brzefcia,  where  he 
received  a  confirmation  of  the  preceding  intelli- 
gence. 

The  confederates  were  clofely  followed  by  Colo- 
nel Roenne,  with  two  thoufand  men,  and  by  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Drewiz,  with  fifteen  hundred. — 
Under  thefe  circumftances,  Suworow  did  not  make 
any  ftay  at  Brzefcia  ;  he  only  entered  it  to  ftation 
a  part  of  his  troops  there,  in  order  to  maintain  the 
poft,  and  was  not  prevented  by  the  night  from 
proceeding  with  the  remainder.  In  the  morning 
they  fell  in  with  a  patrole  of  fifty  carabineers,  «hieb 
Colonel  Roenne  had  fent  out  on  a  reconnoitring 
party,  ur.der  the  command  of  Count  Galielii,  cap- 
tain of  cavalry,  and  they  took  this  patrole  along 
with  them. 

t 

About  neon,  and  after  a  march  of  three  miles, 
this  fmall  detachment  difcovered  the  confederates  : 
they  confided  of  cavalry  alone,  and  were  ftationed 
in  the  depth  of  a  wood.  Suworow,  accordingly, 
proceeded  by  two  defiles,  till  he  csme  to  a  morals, 
with  a  bridge  that  was  covered  by  a  battery  of  the 
enemy,  containing  two  cannons ;  which  was  all  the 
artillery  the  confederates  poiTelTed.  The  column 
cf  infantry  palled  the  bridge  with  great  rapidity  ; 
and  fuftained  feme  lofs  fiom  the  fire  which  was 
directed  at  it  ;  when,  having  the  wood  in  their 
rear,  they  found  themfelves,  in  a  moment,  in  the 
front  of  the  enemy's  lines,  which  preferred  them- 
felves in  a  femi -circular  form  on  an  open  plain. 
This  fpot  was  the  centre  of  the  cenfederate  army, 
fo  that  the  Ruffians  were,  in  a  great  meafure,  fur- 
rounded.    Suworow,  at  the  head  cf  fifty  dragoons, 


CAMPAIGNS. 


53 


inftantly  rulhed  upon  the  battery,  but,  not  being 
fupported  by  his  people,  was  in  a  fituation  of  great 
danger  ;  while  the  confederates,  inftead  of  employ- 
ing their  cannon  in  defending  it,  had  drawn  them 
behind  their  lines,  as  it  appeared,  with  a  view  to 
preferve  them,  and  they  fucceeded.  They,  how- 
ever, inftantly  attacked  the  Ruffian  infantry  m 
front,  with  the  greater  part  of  their  fquadron  ;  the 
former,  however,  defended  themfelves  with  diftin- 
guiihed  bravery,  and  being  very  expert  in  the  life 
of  the  firelock,  dealt  deftruction  around  them  :  at 
length,  after  a  very  fsvere  conteft,  the  confederates 
were  forced  to  give  way.  They  returned,  howe- 
ver, four  times  to  the  charge,  with  frefh  fquadrons, 
-  and  were  as  often  compelled  to  fly  from  the  galling 
power  of  the  Ruffian  mufquetry.  The  Count  Caf- 
telli,  with  the  carabineers,  purfued  them  in  therr 
fuccellive  retreats,  and  put  a  great  number  to  the 
fword.  He  was  alfo  attacked,  in  his  turn,  by  the 
elder  Pulawfki,  the  fenior  marffial  of  the  confede- 
rates, who  received  a  piftol  mot  in  the  encounter, 
of  which  he  died  on  the  following  day. 

The  CofTacs  were  fcr.ttcred  in  fmall  parties  cn 
the  rear  of  the  Ruffian  troops,  which  could  not  be 
attacked,  as  it  was  completely  protected  by  the 
wood  ;  and  the  confederates  did  not  attempt,  to 
difmount,  and  continue  the  engagement  on  fcor. 
Neveirhelefs,  the  major  on  duty  frequently  exclaim- 
ed, that  they  were  cut  off:  for  wimh  ill-founded 
alarm,  Suworow  ordered  him  to  be  put  under  im- 
mediate arreil. 

The  night  was  new  approaching  ;  and  the  con- 
federates had  formed  their  lines  in  front  of  the  viU 


54 


SUWOROW'S 


läge  of  Orzechoba  ;  which,  by  difcharging  grenades 
from  a  howitzer,  was  foon  fet  on  fire ;  and,  the 
infantry  feizing  the  moment  of  alarm  to  attack  the 
enemy  with  bayonets  fixed,  they  fled  in  great  dif- 
order  through  the  flames  of  the  village.  Suworow 
ordered  his  fmall  body  of  cavalry  to  follow  them. 
In  the  purfuit,  they  met  Pinfki's  regiment  of  dra- 
goons, which  confifted  of  only  one  hundred  men, 
who  inflantly  difmounted,  in  order  to  continue  the 
engagement  with  advantage,  from  behind  the 
hedges  ;  but  the  greater  part  of  them  were  either 
cut  in  pieces,  or  made  prifoners  of  war.  The  con- 
federates made  fome  attempts  to  renew  the  engage- 
ment, but  Suworow  having  ordered  a  conftant  fire 
to  be  kept  up  in  the  wood,  whole  echoes  might 
deceive  them  as  to  the  number  of  his  troops,  they 
foon  wheeled  about,  and  left  him  matter  of  the 
field.  They  loft  on  this  occafion  about  a  thoufand 
men,  among  whom  were  feveral  officers  ;  with  a 
hundred  prifoners,  who  were  immediately  fent  off 
to  Warfaw.  This  body  of  confederates  did  not 
amount  to  more  than  half  the  number  which  had 
been  originally  reported. 

Suworow  now  took  his  route  to  Lublin,  and 
ordered  the  troops,  which  he  had  left  at  Brzefcia, 
to  follow  him. 

Lublin  is  a  central  point  »of  Poland  and  Lithua- 
nia. This  circumftance  determined  the  brigadier 
to  fix  on  this  town  as  a  proper  place  for  eftablifhing 
his  cantonment,  though  it  was  not  capable  of  being 
defended.  It  poflefTed  a  long  extent  of  walls,  which 
were  in  a  very  ruinous  flate,  and  an  old  caflle, 
that  had  often  been  befieged,  and  taken  by  Peter 


CAMPAIGNS. 


SS 


the  Firft,  Charles  the  Twelfth,  and  the  Kings  Au- 
guftus  and  Staniflaus ;  nor  had  fince  received  any 
reparation.  Suworow  feized  upon  the  fmail  towns 
in  the  vicinity  of  Lublin,  feveral  of  which  were 
defended  by  fortifications.  After  fome  time,  he 
eftablifhed  communications  with  Cracow,  and  San- 
domir,  a  place  of  fome  ftrength.  He  occafionally 
placed  a  garrifon  in  Opatow,  which  is  alfo  on  the 
other  fide  of  the  Viftula  ;  but  he  made  Lublin  the 
depot  of  his  artillery,  (lores,  and  magazines  ;  and 
from  thence  fent  out  his  parties,  as  circumftances 
might  require.  He  was  continually  pafling  the 
Viftula,  to  Pulava,  to  Urfchentowa,  to  Zawitfch- 
voft,  as  well  as  to  Sandimir  ;  and  maintained  his 
pofition  during  the  time  of  his  abode  in  Poland, 
which  occupied  a  fpace  of  near  three  years. 

His  corps  was  foon  reinforced  by  that  part  of  his 
regiment  of  Sundal,  which  he  had  left  atPraga,  as 
well  as  by  two  companies  of  the  grenadiers  of  Nar- 
va, and  an  equal  number  of  the  regiment  of  carabi- 
neers of  Peterfburg,  and  of  the  third  regiment  of 
cuiraflieurs ;  but  he  had  not  more  than  a  hundred 
Coffees. 

The  Ruffian  army  in  Poland  required  the  eftab- 
lifhment  of  four  major-generals,  and  Suworow  was 
accordingly  advanced  to  that  rank,  on  the  firft  of 
January,  1770. 

We  (hall  pafs  over  the  many  flight  engagements 
which  took  place  in  the  courfe  of  this  year,  and 
only  dwell  upon  fuch  as  were  diftinguifhed  by  cir- 
cumftances which  demand  a  particular  defcription. 
Jn  the  month  of  April,  Major-General  Suworovr 


56  su  wo  row's 

palled  the  Viftirla  st  Zawr  (Vhwoft,  in  fearch  of  Co- 
lonel Nofchmfki,  of  Saridimrr.  He  took  with  him 
on  this  occafion,  two  companies  of  fufileers,  two 
fquadrons  of  carabineers,  fifty  CofTacs,and  two  field 
pieces :  and  the  Colonel  being  at  Clementow,  he 
directed  his  march  to  that  place.  As  this  fmall  de- 
tachment was  paffing  a  village  in  the  night,  the  re- 
port cf  a  carbine,  which  was  accidentally  discharg- 
ed, brought  cut  fome  pealants  from  their  cottages, 
who  were  immediately  employed  as  guides  by  the 
Ruffian  troops,  and  discovered  to  them  that  they 
were  ciöfe  upon  the  confederates,  whom  they  ima- 
gined to  be  at  a  confiderable  diftance. 

They  accordingly  fell  in  with  the  enemy  at  day- 
break, who  were  already  on  hotfeback  to  receive 
them.  They  confided  of  about  a  thoufand  men, 
had  taken  their  pofirion  on  a  plain  by  the  fide  cf  a 
wood,  and  their  fquadrons  were  formed  in  fmall 
fquares.  Suworow  advanced  again  ft  them  with 
the  carabineers,  who,  notwithstanding  his  orders 
to  the  contrary,  difcharged  their  pieces,  and  im- 
mediately halted  :  the  confederate  troops,  however, 
received  the  fire  with  a  fteady  compofure.  He  then 
ordered  the  infantry  to  advance  with  all  poffible 
fpeed,  and,  after  a  difcharge  of  mufquetry,  they 
rufhed  on  with  their  bayonets.  But  the  enemy, 
for  fome  time,  kept  up  a  very  fmart  fire  with  fix 
field-pieces,  and  then  retreated  :  and  though  they 
continued  to  defend  themfelves,  the  cavalry  purfu- 
ed  them  with  great  daughter.  During  the  engage- 
ment, the  major-general  ordered  a  party  to  take 
poffeffion  of  Clementow  ;  and  the  confederates 
difperfed  themfelves  in  the  wood.  They  loft  all 
their  artillery,  with  near  three  hundred  men  ;  while 


CAMPAIGNS. 


57 


the  Ruffians  did  not  lofe  more  than  a  fixth  part  of 
that  number. 

In  the  middle  of  the  fummer,  when  Colonel 
Mofchinfki  had  received  a  reinforcement,  Suworow 
gained  a  fecond  victory  over  him  at  Opatow,  killed 
a  hundred  of  his  men,  and  made  as  many  prifoners, 
the  greater  part  of  which  had  been  wounded  in  the 
engagement. 

In  the  courfe  of  the  autumn,  Major- General 
Suworow  attempted  an  operation  on  the  Viftula, 
but,  from  the  rapidity  of  the  current,  he  miffed  the 
pontoon,  in  leaping  from  the  bank,  and,  falling 
into  the  river,  was  in  great  danger  of  being  drown- 
ed. After  many  fruitlefs  attempts  to  fave  him,  a 
grenadier  feized  a  lock  of  his  hair,  and  drew  him 
to  the  bank  ;  but  in  getting  out  of  the  water,  he 
flruck  his  breaft  againft  a  pontoon,  which  caufed  a 
violent  contufion  that  threatened  his  life  ;  and  from 
which  he  did  not  recover  for  feveral  months. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  year,  the  emprefs  graci- 
oufly  fent  him  the  order  of  Saint  Anne. 

In  the  month  of  March,  1771,  Suworow  left 
Libnin  with  four  companies  of  infantry,  three  fquad- 
rons  of  carabineers,  about  a  hundred  ColTacs,  and 
fome  field  pieces,  and  palled  the  Viflula,  near  San- 
domir.  In  his  march  to  Cracow,  he  was  fuccefsful 
in  feveral  fmall  engagements,  and  at  length  attacked 
Landfkroon,  a  town  about  four  miles  diftant  from 
that  city.  Here  he  experienced  a  very  vigorous 
refiftance  ;  and  though  he  foon  made  himfelf  matter 
of  the  place,  he  found  it  impracticable  to  take  the 
cattle.   The  Ruffians  fuffered  greatly  both  in  killed 

vol.  1.  H 


5« 


3  U  WO  ROW'S 


and  wounded,  from  the  mufquetry  of  the  confede- 
rates. The  general  himfelf  appears  to  have  been 
in  great  danger,  as  his  hat  and  coat  were  pierced 
with  bullets.  On  his  letiring  to  repofe  himfelf  in 
a  neighbouring  village,  he  was  attacked  by  the  con- 
federate General  Schutz.  The  contefl  was  but  of 
fhort  duration,  and  after  fome  lofs  on  both  fides, 
Schutz  thought  it  prudent  to  retreat. 

While  General  Suworow  was  abfent  from  Lublin, 
a  confiderable  number  of  the  confederates  had  af- 
fembled  in  that  canton  where  Colonel  Stakelberg 
then  commanded.  He,  therefore,  returned  thither 
by  forced  marches,  and,  in  his  way,  took  the  fmall 
town  of  Cafimir.  The  cavalry  entered  firft,  and 
immediately  routed  the  greater  part  of  the  confede- 
rates who  occupied  it ;  while  many  of  them  fled 
and  hid  themfeives.  On  the  arrival  of  the  infantry, 
an  immediate  fearch  was  made  after  them ;  and 
the  general  having  ordered  them,  for  that  purpofe, 
to  diftribute  themfeives  in  all  the  (beets  ;  fo  it  hap- 
pened, that  he  was  entirely  left  alone.  At  this  mo- 
ment perceiving  in  a  large  barn,  a  party  of  cavalry 
who  had  fled,  he  addrefied  them  in  a  friendly 
manner,  promifed  them  a  pardon,  and  ordered 
them  to  come  forth.  The  commanding  officer 
immediately  quitted  the  building,  and  his  people 
followed  him  on  foot,  leading  their  horfes,  but 
unfortunately  fome  CofTacs  arriving  at  the  fpot,  one 
of  them  difcharged  a  piftol  at  the  Poles,  who  im- 
mediately fired  at  the  offender,  but  without  mani- 
fefting  the  leafl  intention  to  hurt  Suworow,  and 
retired  into  thebarn,  where  they  enclofed  themfeives. 
The  general  ordered  it  to  be  inllantly  inverted,  and 
threatened  to  burn  it,  if  they  did  not  furrender  them- 


CAMPAIGNS. 


59 


felves.  Alarmed  at  the  menace,  they  immediately 
fubmitted.  It  was  the  fird  and  fined  fquadromof 
Maifhal  Saba,  confiding  of  fifty  men.  In  this  un- 
expccleJ  attack,  a  hundred  Poles  were  killed,  and 
three  hundred  taken  prifoners. 

It  was  not  eafy  to  decide  whether  it  would  have 
been  a  prudent  meafure,  at  this  time,  to  attack 
Marfhal  Pulawfki,  with  whom  Saba,  with  a  confid- 
erable  body  of  troops,  had  jud  formed  a  junction  j 
efpecially  as  the  Ruffians  were  fo  charged  with 
prifoners ;  but  Suworow  had  learned  the  art  of  ap- 
plying his  meafures  to  the  circumfiances  around 
him  :  he  accordingly  ordered  the  infantry  to  ad- 
vance to  the  attack.  They  were  no  more  than  five 
miles  from  Krafnik,  which  was  actually  befieged 
by  the  confederates,  and  was  gallantly  defended  by 
three  companies  of  the  Sufdal  regiment.  However, 
on  the  arrival  of  Suworow,  the  confederates  dif- 
perfed  themfelves  in  the  woods,  and  he  did  not 
think  it  necelfary  to  attempt  an  engagement  with 
them. 

Suworow  had  not  been  long  returned  to  Lublin, 
when  he  was  informed  by  General  Weimar,  that 
the  confederates  were  taking  ^§fitions  round  Cra- 
cow, and  that  they  conti ived  to  cut  off  his  convoys 
of  provifions,  though  he  had  a  dreng  Ruffian  gar- 
rifon  in  the  place. 

Accordingly,  in  the  middle  of  May,  the  general 
put  himfelf  in  motion,  with  four  companies  of  gre- 
nadiers, a  battalion  of  fufileers,  eight  field-pieces 
and  moilars,  live  fquadrons  of  carabineers,  and 
eighty  Ccffacs.    He  halted  upen  the  left  bank  of 


6o 


SUWOROw's 


the  Viftula,  but  made  no  attempt  to  pafs  it.  In 
this  pofition  it  feldom  happened  that  a  day  palled 
without  being  engaged  with  parties  of  confederates, 
which  were  fometimes  very  numerous.  On  ap- 
proaching the  river  Duneyetz,  Suworow  found  the 
confederates  in  considerable  force.  Accordingly, 
he  thought  it  necefiary  to  form  a  battery  for  the 
purpofe  of  commanding  a  palTage  ;  but  as  the  river 
was  deep  and  the  Ruffians  were  not  furnifhed  with 
pontoons,  the  grenadiers  who  firft  attempted  to 
pals  it,  found  themlelves  up  to  their  necks  in  the 
water  :  Colonel  Tfchepelow,  however,  difcovered 
a  ford  at  a  very  fmall  diftance,  and  he  conducted 
the  cavalry  over  it,  under  the  protection  of  the  bat- 
tery. He  immediately  attacked  the  advanced  pofts, 
the  infantry  followed  him,  and  the  confederates 
fuftained  a  very  heavy  lofs.  Some  fquadrons  of  the 
enemy's  dragoons  had  ported  themfelves  on  the 
mines  of  Belitfcha,  and  at  firft  made  fome  refin- 
ance, but  when  the  infantry  arrived,  they  retired 
to  the  neighbourhood  of  Cracow. 

Towards  noon  General  Suworow  proceeded  to 
that  city,  where  Colonel  Drewiz  commanded  a 
regiment  of  Tfchugujewfki,  a  regiment  of  the  Don 
CofTacs,  four  companies  of  infantry,  and  as  many 
of  carabineers.  As  night  approached,  this  body 
of  troops  marched  to  Tynez,  a  fortified  town  at 
the  diftance  of  a  mile  from  Cracow.  Drewiz  was 
ordered  to  pufli  forward,  when  he  fell  in  with  a 
numerous  body  of  confederate  cavalry,  who  were 
enjoying  the  iweets  of  fleep,  nor  did  he  difturb 
them  ;  but  by  the  time  the  general  arrived,  they 
were  all  mounted,  and  at  the  moment  of  their  de- 
parture.    He  immediately  ordered  the  two  firft 


CAMPAIGNS, 


61 


companies  of  grenadiers  to  make  an  aiTauk  upon  a 
redoubt,  defended  by  a  hundred  men,  and  two 
pieces  of  cannon.  They  foon  got  pofleffion  of  it 
with  fmall  lois,  and  put  almoft  all  the  garrifon  to 
the  fvvord  :  but  could  only  bring  off  one  piece  of 
artillery. 

Here  Suworow  remained,  and  did  not  make  an 
aflault  upon  Tynez,  which  was  too  well  fortified 
tojuftify  fuch  a  proceeding.  On  the  following  day, 
he  marched  to  Landfkron,  and  drew  up  his  troops 
on  the  heights  before  the  town,  in  order  of  battle, 
when  a  very  fmart  {kirmifh  immediately  followed. 
The  confederates,  to  the  number  of  four  thoufand, 
had  their  left  wing  fupported  by  Landfkron,  and 
their  right  extended  to  the  left  of  the  Ruffians.  In 
their  front  were  a  hundred  and  fifty  chaffeurs,  com- 
manded by  a  French  officer,  and  at  the  diflance  cf 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  there  was  fome  very  rough 
ground.  Suworow  ordered  the  Coffiacs  of  Tfchu- 
gujewfki  to  charge  the  chafieurs,  and  Colonel 
Tfchepetow,  with  a  fquadron  of  carabineers,  to 
fupport  them.  The  Cofiacs  immediately  flew  to 
the  attack,  and  a  considerable  part  of  the  chalTeurs 
were  left  dead  on  the  field.  The  aclion  was  on 
the  point  of  becoming  general,  when  the  confede- 
rates began  to  give  way  :  their  Tight  wing  was  the 
firfl  to  retreat,  and  the  Ruffian  cavalry  purfued 
them  for  upwards  of  a  mile,  towards  Biala,  on  the 
frontiers  of  Silefia.  Five  hundred  men  loft  their 
lives  on  this  occafion,  among  whom  were  the  Mar- 
ffial  Orzefcha  of  Lithuania,  and  the  Prince  Sapieha, 
of  Great  Poland.  The  Ruffians  made  two  hundred 
prifoners,  and  Marfhal  Loffiozki,  ofWarfaw,  and 
Miarnzinlki,  were  of  the  number.    The  French 


6z 


stj  wo  row's 


Brigadier. General  Dumourier,  (fmce  become  fo 
notorious,  from  his  conduct  in  the  early  campaigns 
of  the  prefent  war;  was  at  the  head  of  the  confede- 
rates on  this  octaßon  ;  but  fcon  quitted  them,  and 
returned  to  France. 

After  this  engagement,  General  Suworow  re- 
tained the  Don  Coffees  of  Drewiz  in  his  fervice, 
and  fet  off  on  his  return  to  Lublin.  As  he  ap- 
proached the  little  river  Son,  he  pafled  near  a 
wood,  from  whence  he  received  a  veiy  brifk  fire  ; 
but  continued  his  route  without  returning  it.  Soon 
after,  he  met  a  part  of  the  Warfaw  confederates, 
confining  of  five  hundred  drsgocns  and  Huflars. 
They  charged  the  Ruffian  cavalry  with  great  bra- 
very, but  were  received  fword  in  hand,  and,  after 
a  vigorous  refinance,  with  fome  lofs  on  both  fides, 
were  fin  ally  repulfed. 

During  this  time,  Pulawfki,  with  two  thcufand 
men,  had  rendered  himfelf  mailer  of  Zamofcie  ; 
from  whence  Suworow  refolved  to  diflodge  him. 
The  Polifh  maifhaJ,  however,  did  not  wait  for  his 
arrival,  but  came  out  of  the  town  to  give  him  bat- 
tle :  but  his  troops  were  fcarcely  formed,  when 
the  Ruffian  cavalry  and  Celiacs  fell  unexpectedly 
upon  them,  and,  after  feme  refinance,  put  them 
to  the  rcut  ;  with  the  lofs  of  two  hundred  killed, 
and  as  many  piifoners,  among  whom  were  eight 
officers.    The  general  now  returned  to  Lublin. 

At  this  period,  the  emprefs  conferred  on  Major- 
General  Suworow  the  Order  of  Saint  George,  of 
the  third  clafs,  as  a  testimony  of  the  fatisfadtion  fhe 
had  received  from  his  fervices. 


CAMPAIGNS* 


The  outermofl:  pofl  on  the  left  wing  of  the  garri- 
fon  was  at  Sokal,  on  the  river  Bug,  and  confided 
of  forne  fufileers,  with  two  corporals,  and  half  a 
fquadron  of  dragoons,  under  the  command  of  a 
lieutenant  named  Wedeniapin.  Some  time  before, 
Suworow  had  presented  him  with  a  piece  of  artillery 
lhat  had  been  taken  from  the  Poles ;  and  he  inftant- 
ly  thought  himfelf  a  great  commander.  He  ac- 
cordingly opened  his  campiagn  without  orders,  and 
marched  by  Lemberg  to  the  fmall  town  of  Tomor- 
loff,  where  he  commanded — Iiis  dinner  ;  but  before 
he  could  complete  the  important  fervice  of  eating 
it,  he  was  furprized  by  fome  inhofpitable  confede- 
rates, led  on  by  Colonel  Novifki ;  and  inflead  of 
attacking  his  foup,  he  was  obliged  to  defend  himfelf. 
Though  fome  of  the  dragoons  cut  their  way  through 
the  enemy,  the  greater  part  of  his  infantry  were 
made  mince-meat,  and  the  reft,  to  the  number  of 
fifteen,  furrenderei  as  piifoners,  and  their  gallant 
commander  along  with  them. 

About  a  month  afterwards,  Novifki,  with  a  fu- 
perb  detachment  of  cavalry,  confiding  of  a  thoufand 
men,  marched  to  Krafnik,  which  was  at  no  great 
diflance  from  the  place  where  Suworow  then  was. 
At  that  time,  the  latter  had  fent  feveral  parties  into 
Lithuania  and  Poland,  as  he  frequency  did,  to 
prevent  the  confederates  from  reinforcing  them- 
felves ;  fo  that  he  had  but  a  very  frnail  force  with 
him. 

On  receiving  intelligence  of  Novifki's  approach, 
Suworow  immediately  detached  two  companies  of 
infantry,  with  two  field  pieces,  a  fquadron  of  cara- 
bineers, and  fome  Cofiacs,  under  the  command  of 


64 


su  wo  row's 


a  field-officer.  It  was  his  wifh  to  have  entrufled 
this  bufinefs  to  Bhergotz,  a  captain  of  cavalry,  and 
the  only  partifan  who  was  then  with  him  ;  but  he 
was  nor  to  be  found  at  the  moment  when  he  was 
wanted.  The  field-officer,  therefore,  marched 
againll  Novifki,  but  not  thinking  himfelf  fufficient- 
]y  flrong,  he  turned  afide,  and  did  net  choofe  to 
rifk  an  engagement. 

Novifki  proceeded  towards  Krofnaflow,  where 
there  was  a  fquadron  of  cuiraffiers,  with  a  company 
of  fufileers,  and  fome  CofTacs.  Suworow  detached 
fomr  fquadrons  of  cavalry  to  harafs  him  on  his 
route,  and  then  went  himfelf,  with  fix  CofTacs, 
and  fome  officers,  to  join  the  field-officer  who  has 
been  already  mentioned  ;  and,  as  foon  as  it  was 
night,  he  fent  Beflufchow,  with  a  CoiTac,  to  make 
enquiries  in  a  neighbonring  chateau.  Novifki  was 
actually  there  with  a  part  of  his  people  ;  but  the 
mafter  of  the  place  faved  Beflufchow,  by  letting 
him  through  a  garden-gate,  without  being  percei- 
ved ;  and  the  latter  haftened  to  a  part  of  the  wood 
which  had  been  appointed,  in  order  to  make  his 
report. 

About  midnight,  the  general  entered  Krafnoflow, 
where  he  found  the  troops  which  he  had  already 
difpatched  there  ;  and,  having  got  together  all  his 
people  who  had  been  cantoned  in  that  place,  with 
a  twelve  pounder,  he  inflantly  departed. 

Novifki  had  now  polled  himfelf  in  a  wood,  about 
four  miles  to  the  right  of  Krafnoflow  ;  and,  about 
noon,  the  Ruffians  came  up  with  him  ;  when  Su- 
worow, paffing  the  bridge  of  a  mill,  at  the  head 


CAMPAIGNS, 


65 


of  his  dragoons,  began  the  attack.  The  confede- 
rates defended  themfelves  with  great  bravery  ;  but, 
after  a  vigorous  refiftance,  were  difperfed  and  pur- 
fued. 

The  Ruffian  general  returned  by  Krafnoftow  to 
Lublin,  and  Novifki  went  back  to  Biala.  A  party 
of  the  confederates  fell  in  with  Kitriow,  a  Ruffian 
officer  of  dragoons,  who,  having  been  wounded  in 
the  late  action,  was  now  returning  on  a  waggon  ; 
but  the  Poles  fufFered  him  and  his  fmall  efcort  to 
pafs  on  without  interruption. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  month  of  Auguft,  the 
famous  Kofakowika,  one  of  the  confederates  who 
had  taken  refuge  in  Hungary,  arrived  in  Lithua- 
nia, and,  by  his  extraordinary  talents  and  exer- 
tions, threw  the  duchy  into  a  flame.  He  had  col- 
lected a  large  body  of  recruits,  and  had  excited  the 
regular  troops  to  revolt  and  join  the  confederation. 

The  Count  Orginfki,  grand  marfhal  of  Lithuania, 
came  from  Warfaw,  in  order  to  take  the  command. 
At  the  fame  time  Kofakowfki  publifhed  manifeftoes, 
admirably  calculated  to  influence  the  people  to 
whom  they  were  addreffed  j  and,  though  he  con- 
ferred the  title  of  marfhal  on  others,  according  to 
his  good  pleafure,  he  appeared  to  confider  himfelf 
in  thefe  papers,  as  nothing  more  than  a  common 
citizen  of  Lithuania.  He  clothed  the  troops  which 
he  had  juft  raifed,  in  a  black  uniform. 

The  Colonels  Turing  and  Drewiz  were  detached 
againft  this  new  confederation  in  Lithuania  with 
upwards  of  two  thoufand  men,  and  a  fufficient  ar- 
vol.  1.  I 


66 


SUWOROw's 


tillery  equipment.  A  Ruffian  corps  had  alfo  arri- 
ved, under  the  command  of  General  Kafchin, 
which  was  appointed  to  cover  the  frontiers  of  Li- 
thuania. The  Peterfburg  legion  was  alfo  cantoned 
by  battalions  in  that  duchy.  One  of  them,  how- 
ever, commanded  by  Colonel  Abutchef,  was  fur* 
prifed  by  the  army  of  Lithuania  ;  and,  after  a  very 
brave  defence,  was  obliged  to  furrender.  This 
battalion  ccnfifted  of  five  hundred  men,  with  fifteen 
officers,  and  two  pieces  of  cannon.  The  Count 
Ogynfki  received  the  officers  at  his  own  table,  per- 
mitted them  to  retain  their  fwords,  and  indulged 
them  to  be  on  their  parole. 

The  lofs  of  this  battalion  foon  reached  General 
Suworow,  at  Lublin  ;  and  he  immediately  began 
his  maich  with  two  companies  of  grenadiers,  an 
equal  number  of  fufileers,  a  fquadron  of  carabineers, 
and  fifty  CofTacs.  With  this  fmall  body  of  troops, 
and  with  only  two  Licornes,  he  proceeded  by  Kozk 
to  Biala,  in  Lithuania.  He  there  reinforced  him- 
felf  with  the  legion  of  Peterfburg,  commanded  by 
Colonel  Gaerner,  one  fquadron  of  cuir2lTier$,  and 
another  of  dragoons,  with  two  grenadier  and  fufi- 
leer  companies,  and  fifty  CofTacs  ;  the  whole  of 
which  did  not  exceed  a  thoufaud  men.  With  this 
force  he  immediately  proceeded  to  penetrate  into 
the  heart  of  Lithuania. 

Towards  the  clofe  of  the  third  day,  he  received 
accounts  that  the  confederates  were  not  more  than 
four  miles  from  him,  in  a  very  advanrageous  pe  ll 
before  Stalowiz.  He  well  knew  that  he  could 
depend  upon  his  troops,  who  were  inured  to  war, 
with  all  the  fatigue  and  dangers  attendant  upon  it. 


CAMPAIGNS, 


67 


In  the  evening,  therefore,  they  began  their  march, 
without  beat  of  drum,  and  the  infantry  formed  the 
advanced  guard.  It  was  a  woody  country  through 
which  they  were  to  pafs ;  the  Iky  was  covered  with 
clouds,  the  night  uncommonly  dark,  and,  during 
a  great  part  of  it,  they  had  no  other  guide  but  a 
light,  which  glimmered  from  the  turret  of  a  con- 
vent  near  the  town  of  Stalowiz.  When  they  were 
about  half  way,  the  patroies  took  four  hulans 
prifoners,  who  ferved  as  guides  for  the  remainder 
of  it. 

As  it  is  an  open  country  immediately  round  Sta- 
lowiz, General  Suworow,  when  he  was  within 
half  a  mile  of  the  place,  ranged  his  troops  in  lines. 
On  the  firft,  was  the  company  of  grenadiers  diftri- 
buted  on  the  wings  ;  near  it  were  the  companies 
of  the  Peterfburg  legion,  and,  behind  it,  was  the 
company  of  the  iufileers  of  NafTebourg  :  the  two 
Licornes  were  in  the  centre.  The  fecond  line  was 
compofed  of  three  fquadrons  of  ^cavalry.  The  body 
of  referve  formed  the  laft,  and  confifted  of  a  com- 
pany of  fufileers  of  Sufdal,  and  two  platoons  of 
cavalry,  who,  with  fome  Coffacs,  were  difcributed 
in  the  wings. 

The  Ruffians  proceeded  till  they  found  them- 
felves  by  chance  on  the  very  back  of  the  confede- 
rates, who  were  covered  by  a  marfti,  through 
which  run  a  dyke,  of  about  two  hundred  yards  in 
length,  which  they  approached  in  clofe  ranks,  and 
with  the  moit  cautious  filence.  Backul,  with  his 
detachment,  cut  down  the  advanced  fentinels  ;  but 
his  corps  was,  neverthelefs,  difcovered  by  the  ene- 
my, and  received  with  a  very  briik  fire,  both  of 


68 


&UW;OROw's 


artillery  and  mufquetry.  The  grenadier  company 
of  Sufdal,  commanded  by  Major  Kifelow,  was 
forced  to  break  the  enemy's  centre,  by  falling  in- 
fhntly  upon  it  ;  and,  though  it  was  in  a  movement 
of  great  danger,  and  accompanied  with  lb  me  lofs, 
it  was  crowned  with  fuccefs.  Three  fquadrons 
lufhed  into  the  opening  that  had  been  made,  and 
emr/ioved  their  fabres  on  all  fides  with  a  moft  de- 
flructive  power.  The  reft  of  the  infantry  foon  came 
up,  and  the  confederates  being  thrown  into  difor- 
der,  which  was  greatly  incieaied  by  the  obfcurity 
ofrhe  night,  were  entirely  routed  and  purluect  into 
the  town.  Annibal  ventured  to  conduct  the  Li- 
cences acrofs  the  morafs,  but  they  funk  in  the  mire, 
and  the  Rufiians  were  left  without  ai rille ry.  Cap- 
tain SchuiYel,  with  the  company  of  Naifebourg, 
attacked  three  hundred  janifiaries,  belonging  to  the 
grand  marfhal,  in  the  town:  they  dtfer>dcd  them- 
felves  with  great  fprit  from  the  houfes  ;  but,  being 
reinforced  by  a  ccmpan)  of  grenadiers,  Le  Icon 
difpeftd  of  the  greater  part  of  them. 

General  Suworow  was  in  the  town  as  feen  as  it 
was  light,  ana  perceiving  a  man  running  towards 
a  ho ufe,  whom  he  imagined  to  be  cue  of  his  own 
people  on  a  fcheme  of  pillage,  he  called  him  back  ; 
when  the  man  returned  an  anfwer  in  the  Pclifh  lan* 
guage;  and  inftantly  difcharged  his  piece  at  him, 
but  without  effect.  He  proved  to  be  one  of  the 
janiiTarits  of  the  grand  maifhal. 

In  the  heat  of  the  attack,  the  infantry  had  Scat- 
tered itfelf  over  the  town,  and  before  it  could  form, 
Schibuiin  arrived  with  the  referved  corps*  The 
Ruffians,  therefore,   were  matters  of  the  town. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


69 


The  five  hundred  men,  of  the  legion  of  Peterlburg, 
which  had  been  made  prifoners,  a  fhort  time  before, 
were  lodged  in  fome  houfes  on  the  market  place, 
whofe  doors  were  barricadoed  ;  but  they  foon 
leaped  from  their  windows  and  recovered  their 
liberty. 

The  Ruffian  cavalry  had  obtained  every  advan- 
tage in  the  open  country ;  and,  as  foon  as  it  was 
broad  day-light,  the  infantry  marched  out  of  the 
town  and  attacked  that  or  the  grand  marmal.  This 
engageaiejit,  which  promifed  to  be  decifive,  was 
br^  /ely  conceded  by  the  hoftile  parties  :  at  length, 
the  Ruffian  fufileers  made  an  attempt  with  the 
bayonet  fixed  ;  the  reft  of  the  infantry  followed 
their  example  ;  and  after  a  vigorous  refinance,  the 
enemy's  whole  line  gave  way  ;  but.  being  very  nu- 
merous, they  retreated  in  good  order. 

The  Ruffian  cavalry  continued  to  gain  ground, 
when  general  Beliak,  at  the  head  of  a  thoufand 
hulans,  made  a  very  vigorous  attack ;  many  a 
Ruffian  foldier  was  laid  low  by  it,  and  feveral  offi- 
cers wounded  ;  but,  at  length,  after  a  very  fevere 
conteft,  Beliak  loft  the  day.  On  this  occafion,  the 
Coffiacs  dininguiffied  themfelves  by  a  courage  and 
activity  that  nothing  could  relift. 

The  army  of  Lithuania  retreate:!  to  a  fmall  dis- 
tance from  the  field  of  battle ;  and,  Suworow, 
having  reformed  his  lines  and  repofed  for  an  hour, 
made  neceiTary  difpofitions  to  march  to  Slomin, 
about  four  miles  from  the  fcene  of  his  victory. 
From  his  numerous  prifoners,  and  the  five  hundred 
men  of  the  Peterfburg  legion,  who  had  recovered 


JO 


SU  WOROW's 


their  liberty,  but  principally  from  the  great  number 
of  equipages  and  waggons,  &c.  which  had  been 
taken,  the  train  of  Suworow's  army  formed  a  line 
of  half  a  mile  in  length.  The  booty  was  very 
confiderable,  and  the  foldieis  divided  no  fmall 
quantity  of  gold  and  filver.  The  military  cheft, 
which  had  been  concealed  for  fome  days  by  the 
curate  of  the  town,  was  at  length  difcovered  in  his 
houfe,  and  was  found  to  contain  thirty  thoufand 
ducats.  In  the  evening,  the  troops  approached 
Slomin ;  and,  on  the  morrow,  the  general  gave  an 
entertainment  to  the  field  and  other  officers  of  rank 
who  were  his  prifoners.  Colonel  Turing,  who  was 
in  the  neighbourhood,  came  to  oiler  his  congratu- 
lations, but  brought  no  reinforcements  with  him. 

The  whole  of  the  Ruffian  force  on  this  occafion 
was  from  eight  to  nine  hundred  men  ;  of  thefe, 
fourfcore  were  left  dead  on  the  field  ;  and,  one- half 
of  thofe  who  furvived  were  in  a  wounded  condition. 
The  army  of  Lithuania,  which  confinxd  of  near 
five  thoufand  men,  loft  one  thoufand  by  the  fword, 
and  feVen  hundred  prifoners,  among  whom  were 
thirty  field  and .  other  officers  of  rank,  and  the 
commanding  general  of  the  day.  Ail  the  artillery 
of  the  confederates,  which  ccnfifted  of  twelve 
pieces  of  cannon,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Ruffi- 
ans, as  well  as  feveral  ftandarcs,  with  the  batoon 
of  command,  and  other  infignia  of  the  grand  mar- 
fhall  The  dragoons  of  Lithuania,  who  had  not 
time  to  mount  their  horfes,  loft  the  greater  part  of 
them,  and  they  ferved  to  mount  the  Ruffian  infantry 
on  their  return.  General  Suworow  gave  a  rouble, 
from  his  own  private  purfe,  to  every  foldier  who 
had  been  engaged  in  this  action. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


Soon  after  this  important  battle,  the  emprefs  Tent 
hitn,  as  conqueror  of  the  grand  marfhal,  the  Order 
of  Alexander  Newlky,  accompanied  with  the  fal- 
lowing difpatch  : — 

To  Major -General  de  Suivorow. 

"  In  recompenfe  for  the  fer  vices  which  you  have 
"  rendered  to  us,  as  well  as  to  your  country,  by 
"  the  entire  defeat  of  the  Count  Oginfky,  chief  of 
ic  the  Lithuanians,  who  have  revolted  againft:  our 
"  troops,  it  has  pleafed  us  to  name  you  Knight  of 
"  our  Order  of  Alexander  Newfky,  whofe  deco- 
"  ration  we  fend  you,  and  which  we  ordain  you 
<c  to  take  and  wear.  We  hope  that  thefe  diftin- 
"  guifhed  teftimonies  of  our  imperial  benevolence 
"  towards  you  will  ferve  to  cherifh  your  zeal,  and 
"  that  you  will  confecrate  your  days  to  the  advance- 
c  c  mcnt  of  our  fervice.  In  that  expectation,  we 
"  affure  you  of  the  imperial  efteem  of  your  affec- 
"  tionate, 

Petersburg.  "  C  at/Herine.." 

December  20,  1771. 


General  Suworow  was  no  fooner  returned  to 
Slomin,  than  he  prepared,  with  the  utmoft  impati- 
ence to  fet  out  on  frefh  expeditions  :  leaving  there- 
fore his  prifoners  and  heavy  artillery  within  the 
walls  of  the  town,  he  did  not  wait  for  returning 
day,  but  began  his  march  in  the  middle  of  the 
night.  He  accordingly  proceeded  to  Pinfk  in  order 
to  complete  the  difperfion  of  the  confederates  ;  and 
had  to  pafs  through  a  marftiy  country  whole  roads 


72 


SU  wo  row's 


were  rendered  a!  mo  fr  impäflable,  by  the  rains  which 
had  lately  fallen.  On  his  way  he  met  an  officer  of 
the  confederates,  who  was  charged  with  conveying 
the  ftrong  box  of  his  regiment,  which  had  been 
well  repleniffied  with  ducats  ;  and  he  inftäntly  gave 
him  a  palTport  for  himfelf  and  the  tre&fure  to  the 
place  of  his  deftination. 

He  now  publifhed  a  declaration  to  the  confede- 
rates, that  if  they  would  remain  tranquil,  he  would 
not  attack  them  ;  and  they  immediately  feparated. 
General  Beliak,  who  was  next  in  rank  to  Count 
Oginfky,  whom  the  chagrin,  occafioned  by  the  lofs 
of  the  battle  of  Stalowiz,  had  induced  to  make  a 
journey  to  Danzick,  refufed  to  take  the  command 
of  the  confederate  troops.  He  excufed  himfelf  on 
account  of  his  engagement  with  Su  worow  to  un- 
dertake no  enterprize  whatever  agairMl  the  Ruffians ; 
nor  would  he  have  remained  till  that  time  irt  his 
cantonments  but  in  obedience  to  the  orders  of  the 
grand  marfhal.  Grabowfki,  who  was  {rationed 
nearefl  to  the  Ruffian  frontiers  on  the  fide  of  Smo- 
lenfko,  and  had  raifed  many  thoafand  men,  dif- 
mifled  his  people  \  and  feveral  chiefs  followed  his 
example. 

There  were  at  Pinlk  many  perfons  who  belonged 
to  the  fuite  of  Count  Oginfky,  whom  the  marihal 
had  not  taken  with  him  to  the  field  ;  while  fome  of 
his  people  had  fled  for  refuge  to  the  fmall  illands  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  that  place.  They  were  all 
treated,  by  Suworow's  order,  with  a  protecting  at- 
tention, and  he  took  particular  care,  that  the  pof- 
feffions  of  the  marfhal  mould  not  receive  the  leaft 
injury.    He  then  marched  to  Brzefcie,  where  he 


CAMPAIGNS, 


73 


took  fome  prifoners  whom  he  left  at  Biala  ;  and  on 
his  happy  return  to  Lublin,  he  ordered  Te  Deum 
to  be  lung,  and  celebrated  his  victory  with  the  ac- 
cuftomed  ceremonies. 

In  the  pofthumous  works  of  Frederic  the  Great, 
we  read  a  mod  flattering  eulogium  on  the  fubject  of 
this  important  victory,  which  was  obtained  on  the 
i  ith  of  September,  1 77 1 .  In  fpeaking  of  the  bat- 
tle of  Stalowiz,  his  Pruffian  majefty  counfels  the 
Poles  never  to  hazard,  a  fecond  time,  a  conteft  with 
Suworow. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  year  there  were  fome 
engagements  in  the  Palatinate  of  Rava,  between 
Sabrowlki,  a  colonel  in  the  fervice  of  the  confede- 
rates, who  commanded  four  or  five  hundred  men, 
and  Major-General  Prince  Gallitzin,  who  entirely 
routed  them.  When  Sabrowlki  was  on  the  other 
fide  of  Pulawa,  he  was  furprifed  by  the  Captain 
Archipaflbw,  with  the  party  he  commanded  :  he 
was  very  ill-treated,  and  made  prifoner  with  three 
officers  and  forty  men.  He  had  fcarce  furrendered 
himfelf  when  a  chaffeur,  who  was  not  obferved, 
wounded  him  in  the  bread  by  a  mulket  mot.  He 
was  a  very  gallant  man,  and  univerfally  regretted  ; 
for  he  died  in  a  few  days,  notwithftanding  every 
means  were  employed  by  General  Suworow  to 
promote  his  cure  at  Pulawa.  As  a  mark  of  his  ef- 
teem  for  the  brave  colonel,  he  reftored  to  their  li- 
berty the  three  officers  who  were  made  prifoners 
with  him. 


vol.  1. 


74 


SUWOROW's 


Towards  the  latter  end  of  January,  1772,  a 
commiiTary  belonging  to  the  Rufiian  troops  en- 
treated a  fecret  audience  of  the  general ;  when  lie 
difcovcred  to  him,  that  the  French  Field-Mar  fhal 
Viomenil,  who  fucceeded  brigadier  Dumourier,  had 
propofed  a  plan  to  take  the  cattle  and  city  of  Cra- 
cow by  furprife,  which  had  been  approved  and  a- 
dopted  by  the  general  of  the  confederates  at  Biala. 
rJ  o  prove  the  truth  of  what  he  had  advanced,  he  pro- 
duced a  letter  from  his  brother,  who  was  attached 
to  the  confederation  ;  and  he  employed  every  argu- 
ment in  his  power  to  diiTuade  the  General  from  an 
expedition  he  had  commenced  againft  Lithuania,  to 
oppofe  the  invafion  of  the  confederates,  which  he 
reprefented  as  nothing  more  than  a  diverfion  to 
draw  his  attention  from  Cracow.  The  general, 
however,  gave  not  the  lead  credit  to  the  commifia- 
ry's  information  or  opinion  ;  and  he  acted  wrong  ; 
for  he  actually  loft  feveral  days,  which  were  em- 
ployed in  a  fruitlefs  march  to  Lithuania. 

Fie  was  no  fooner  returned  to  Lublin,  than  he  in- 
ftantly  collected  two  fquadrons  ©f  dragoons,  with 
fome  ColTacs,and  two  companies  of  infantry  with 
field  pieces,  and  began  his  march  for  Cracow.  Near 
Koeliz,  in  the  palatinate  of  Sandomer,  he  met  Ge- 
neral Count  Braniski,  with  four  regiments  of  hu- 
lans,  and  Lieutenant-General  Grabowlki,  who  fer- 
ved  under  him,  with  the  Lithuanian  regiment  cf 
dragoon  guards.  Ke  immediately  formed  a  junc- 
tion ;  and,  taking  with  him  thegarrifen  of  Koeliz, 
which  confified  cf  cue  fquadion,  two  companies, 
and  fifty  Colfacs,  they  proceeded  directly  to  Cra- 
cow, 


CAMPAIGNS. 


75 


Lieutenant-Genetal  Bibikow,  who  had,  forne 
months  fince,  been  appointed  to  fucceed  General 
Weirnarn,  at  Warfaw,  had  eftablilhed  at  Cracow 
a  large  part  of  the  regiment  of  Sufdal,  under  the 
command  of  Colonel  Stakelberg.  This  officer, 
who  made,  at  Colberg,  fuch  a  brave  defence,  had 
not  of  late  manifefted  the  fame  resolution.  At  the 
entreaty  of  a  lady  of  quality  he  withdrew  a  fentinel, 
who  was  pofted  before  the  common  fewer  of  the 
caftle,  becaufe  the  challenges,  &c.  which  were  re- 
peated during  the  night,  near  the  lady's  houfe, 
difturbed  her  {lumbers.  He  contented  himfelf  with 
keeping  up  a  piquet  of  thirty  men  and  an  officer  in 
the  caftle,  where  the  artillery  and  regimental  carri- 
ages were  depofued.  The  reft  of  the  guard  was 
compofed  of  workmen  without  arms,  and  amount- 
ed to  about  a  hundred  men. 

The  confederates  were  informed  of  the  defence- 
lefs  ftate  of  the  caftle  and  its  feeble  garrifori  :  they 
afio  knew  that  the  fentinel  had  been  withdrawn. 
Accordingly,  in  the  night  of  the  fecond  of  Februa- 
ry, they  made  their  approaches  to  it,  in  profound 
filence,  with  two  battalions  well  armed,  who  were 
followed,  at  a  certain  diftance,  by  five  hundred 
cavalry.  The  infantry  wore  their  white  fhirts  over 
their  uniforms,  that  they  might  not  be  obferved 
amid  ft  the  fnow  ;  and,  creeping  upon  their  hands 
and  knees,  they  penetrated  the  fewer,  and  by  that 
paffage  entered  the  caftle,  with  Captain  Viomenü, 
nephew  of  the  general  of  that  name,  at  their  head. 
The  fmall  piquet  made  all  the  refiftance  in  their 
power  ;  but  the  men  who  compofed  it  were  either 
cut  down  or  taken  prifoners.  The  cavalry  foon 
followed  and  entered  the  caftle  by  a  gate  whofe 


76 


SUWOROW's 


port-cullis  the  infantry  had  drawn  up.  Colonel 
Stakelberg  got  together,  in  great  hatte,  a  body  of 
troops,  and  attacked  the  cattle,  but  was  repulfed 
with  fome  lofs,  and  the  confederates  remained 
matters  of  it. 

In  the  courfe  of  the  following  night,  Suworow 
arrived  before  Cracow,  and  immediately  entered  it. 
At  break  of  day,  a  heavy  column  of  the  confede- 
rates fallied  forth  from  the  cattle  into  the  principal 
ttreet  of  the  town  ;  it  fupported  itfelf  with  great 
courage  amidft  a  continual  fire  of  fmall  arms ;  but, 
after  lofmg  a  great  number  of  men,  was  driven 
back.  Fifty  dragoons,  led  on  by  an  officer  with 
great  ardour,  made  an  attack  upon  the  grand 
guard,  who  received  them  with  bayonets  hxed  ; 
but  the  greater  number  of  them  were  killed,  and 
after  a  contett  of  two  hours,  they  were  repulied 
with  the  lofs  of  a  hundred  men. 

The  fame  day  Suworow  made  the  circuit  of  Cra- 
cow on  horfeback,  accompanied  by  two  Polifh  ge- 
nerals. The  Polifh  troops,  commanded  by  Braniz- 
ki,  preferved  their  pofition  on  the"  other  fide  cf  the 
Viftula,  and  were  in  poiTeflion  of  a  bridge  of  com- 
munication, which  was  well  protected  by  a  body  of 
infantry. 

The  cattle  of  Cracow  Is  fituated  on  an  eminence, 
but  has  neither  ramparts  or  fortifications,  and  is 
without  any  defence  but  a  thick  and  very  high  wall, 
with  a  ditch  beneath.  It  is  fupported  by  the  walls 
of  the  town  which  it  commands.  Troops  were  tta- 
tioned  in  the  upper  ttories  and  garrets  of  feveral 
houfes  in  the  front  of  the  cattle,  and  cannon  were 


CAMPAIGNS.  77 

placed  in  fuch  a  manner  as  to  be  difcharged  from 
the  windows.  In  the  vacant  *  parts  of  the  town, 
entrenchments  v/ere  thrown  up,  and  parapets  and 
redoubts  were  ere&ed.  General  Suworow  then 
fent  for  the  ancient  Commandant  Ocbfchelwiz,  as 
a  very  experienced  perfon,  with  the  chafieurs  which 
he  had  clothed  at  his  own  expence,  and  confided 
to  his  care  the  principal  quarter  of  the  city.  The 
remaining  part  of  it  was  entrufted  to  the  vigilance 
of  three  field-officers. 

Thus  the  caflle  was  completely  blockaded.  The 
Ruffians,  without  reckoning  their  horfe,  had  about 
eight  hundred  infantry  ;  and  the  troops  of  the 
confederates  in  the  cattle  confided  of  four  hundred 
infantry,  and  five  hundred  cavalry. 

On  the  third  day,  the  commandant  of  the  cattle 
difpatched  a  French  officer  10  the  Ruffian  general, 
who  was  charged  with  the  followiug  proportions  : 

L  He  offered  to  give  up  a  hundred  prifoners, 
who  were  chiefly  workmen  of  different  kinds,  and 
who  inhabited  the  cattle  before  the  blockade;  but 
this  propofai  was  not  accepted. 

II.  He  demanded  that  permiffion  might  be  given 
to  the  canons  who  officiated  in  the  church,  which 
was  the  burying-place  of  the  Kings  of  Poland,  to 
retire  into  the  city,  with  their  attendants,  amount- 
ing, in  all,  to  eighty  perfons.  This  1  equett  was 
alfo  refufecH  in  order  to  increafe  the  diftrefs  of  the 
garrifon  by  fo  many  ufelefs  mouths.  But  notwith- 
standing this  refufal,  the  ecclefiaftics  quitted  the 
cattle,  at  two  different  times.    Thofe  who  made  the 


73 


SUWOROW'S 


firfl:  efcape  were  only  fired  upon  with  powder,  but 
the  fecond  party  were  more  feriouily  treated,  and 
fomeof  them  were  wounded.  No  farther  attempts 
therefore,  were  made  of  a  fimilar  nature. 

III.  The  officer  alfo  demanded  certain  medicines  ; 
which  were  immediately  granted. 

The  caflle  was  furnifhed  with  a  plentiful  maga- 
zine of  provifions.  There  was  a  fufficiency  of  hay 
and  corn,  as  well  as  of  wine,  brandy,  fait,  oil,  and 
roots.  It  poiTefled  alfo  a  fpring  of  excellent  water  ; 
but  there  was  a  dearth  of  meat. 

The  befiegers  themfelves  were,  in  fome  degree, 
blockaded  in  the  town,  by  the  numerous  bodies  of 
confederates  who  occupied  the  country,  and  againft 
whom  parties  were  continually  employed.  rlhe 
general,  therefore,  had  the  precaution  to  examine 
into  the  ftate  of  their  provifions  and  forage  ;  and 
he  found  that  they  had  an  adequate  fupply  of  both. 

Soon  after  the  fally,  which  has  been  already 
mentioned,  the  befieged  attempted  a  fecond,  with 
four  or  five  hundred  men,  who  were  conducted 
by  a  French  officer  ;  but  were  repulfed  with  the 
lofs  of  fifty  of  their  people. 

Bakalowitz,  the  king's  engineer,  a  man  of  con- 
fummate  experience,  began  to  foim  a  mine,  at  a 
hundred  paces  from  the  tafiie,  in  very  ftony 
ground.  Count  Branizki  provided  him,  for  the 
purpofe  of  opening  the  firft:  gallery,  fifty  excellent 
labourers,  from  the  falt-pits  of  WiiUtfcha  ;  and,  in 
a  fhort  time,  a  fecond  was  begun;  to  the  left  of  the 
former. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


79 


General  Suworow,  by  the  advice  of  Count  Bran^ 
izki,  haJ  polled  the  belt  company  of  the  regiment 
of  Sufdal  in  a  building,  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  caftle.  At  noon  the  general  had  retired  to 
take  a  (hört  repofe,  when  he  was  foon  difturbed  by  a 
great  and  tumultuous  noife  ;  he,  therefore,  rofe  in 
an  inftant,  mounted  his  horfe,  and  haftened  to  dis- 
cover the  caufe.  It  was  this  company,  whofe  cap- 
tain having  been  feized  with  a  panic,  were  flying  in 
great  diforder,  and  were  purfued  by  the  enemy 
with  great  flaughter.  The  general  exerted  himfelf 
to  the  utmift  to  flop  the  run-a-ways,  and,  having 
rallied  them,  forced  them  back  with  bayonets  fixed, 
upon  the  confederates,  who  foon  retired.  The 
Ruffians,  on  this  unfortunate  occafion,  loft  thirty 
men. 

In  cafe  it  fhould  have  been  found  neceflary  to 
raife  the  liege  ;  all  the  captains  were  made  refpon- 
fible  for  the  fidelity  and  fafety  of  the  inhabitants. 
The  fuburbs  were  fubject  to  a  fimilar  regulation  ; 
and  that  part  of  the  town  which  was  inhabited  by 
the  Jews  received  orders  to  arm,  and  mount  guard. 
Redoubts  were  alfo  raifed  upon  the  high-roads. 

General  Branizki  recommended  an  affault,  and 
his  project  was  adopted.  On  the  third  of  March, 
at  two  hours  after  midnight,  the  artillery,  which 
were  levelled  from  fome  very  folid  edifices,  near  the 
caftle,  began  a  difcharge  of  fmall  fhot,  accompanied 
by  a  brilk  fire  of  mufquetry,  which  the  confederates 
returned  with  equal  fpirit.  The  columns  advan- 
ced, and  various  attempts  were  made,  but  without 
efTed.  In  fhort,  the  affault  failed,  and,  at  break 
©f  day,  the  fignal  was  given  for  a  retreat.  The 


So 


SUWOROW's 


Ruffians  loft,  In  this  unfuccelsful  bufinefs,  a  lieute- 
nant-colonel, feveral  officers,  and  forty  foldiers  ; 
and  the  wounded  were  not  lefs  than  a  hundred. 
The  lofs  fuftained  by  the  confederates,  according 
to  the  information  of 'deferters,  was  equally  great : 
and  many  of  their  officers  were  feverely  wounded. 

In  the  afternoon  of  the  fame  day,  the  command- 
ant of  the  caftle  requefled  General  Branizki  to  re- 
ceive into  the  town,  a  captain  of  dragoons,  who 
was  dangeroufly  wounded,  and  whofe  father  was  a 
perfon  in  high  eftimation  wTith  the  King  of  France. 
This  permiffion  was  granted,  and  the  officer  recei- 
ved with  every  mark  of  tendernefs  and  attention. 
He  was  a  young  man  of  about  eighteen  years  of  age, 
with  a  wound  that  threatened  the  moft  fatal  confe- 
quences ;  but  he  was  treated  with  fo  much  care 
and  fkill,  that  he  was  cured  by  the  end  of  the  fiege  ; 
when  he  returned  to  France,  and  to.  his  father. 

The  caftle  of  Tyniz,  about  a  mile  from  Cracow, 
of  which  the  confederates  had  poffeffed  themfelves, 
was  furrounded  with  redoubts,  where  they  had  a 
great  part  of  their  people.  The  Count  Branizki 
was  ordered  to  march  againft  them  with  his  hulans, 
and  a  party  of  Ruffian  cavalry,  which  he  did  with 
confiderable  effect. 

The  Ruffian  troops  began  to  want  both  powder 
and  ball,  and  the  Lieutenant  of  artillery,  Haaks, 
had  conftrucled  a  powder-mill  in  the  fuburbs  ;  but 
this  refource  was  not  fufficient  for  the  requisite  fup. 
plies.  Lieutenant- Colonel  Nagel  was  accordingly 
lent  to  Kofelj  with  a  fmall  party,  in  order  to  pur- 
chafe  ammunition ;  and  though  the  confederate 


CAMPAIGNS. 


81 


parties  were  fcattered  through  the  country,  he 
avoided  thein  with  great  addrefs,  and  brought  back 
a  confiderable  quantity  of  the  neceflary  ftores. 

In  the  courfe  of  the  month  of  March,  Lieutenant- 
colonel  Micheifon,  who  commanded  a  detachment 
behind  Tyniz,  was  fui prized  by  a  party  from  the 
garrifon  of  that  place.  But  his  refolution  was 
equal  to  his  danger  ;  he  completely  repulfed  the 
enemy,  who  were  fuperior  to  him  in  number,  and 
brought  a  hundred  prifoners  with  him  to  Cracow. 

Towards  the  clofe  of  the  fame  month,  the  gene- 
ral detached  Micheifon,  with  a  ftrong  body  of 
troops,  to  Ofwrezin,  where  the  archives  of  the 
confederates  were  depofited.  During  the  night, 
he  contrived  to  get  into  the  midfl:  of  the  garrifon, 
killed  a  confiderable  part  of  it,  and  difperfed  the 
reft.  But  he  did  not  content  himfelf  with  getting 
poflefTion  of  the  archives,  he  purfued  his  advanta- 
ges as  far  as  Biala,  upon  the  frontiers  of  Silefia  ;  and 
having  driven  from  that  place  the  pretended  ge- 
neral confederation,  who  repafTed  the  frontiers  with 
great  precipitation,  he  happily  returned  in  fafety  to 
Cracow. 

Some  time  afterwards,  a  confiderable  number 
ofhuflars,  and  confederate  cavalry,  appeared  be- 
hind Tyniz,  and  on  the  near  fide  of  the  Viftula. 
They  were  the  remains  of  the  black  Lithuanian 
troops,  which  had  been  collected  by  Kofakowfki ; 
and  had  made  great  fpeed,  in  order  to  raife  the 
fiege  of  the  cattle  of  Cracow.  The  Count  Braniz- 
ki  fent  againft  them  a  large  party  of  his  hulans  : 
Lieutenant- Colonel  Lang  was  aifo  pofted  at  Schwer- 
vol.  i.  L 


82 


SUWOROW'S 


zanzy,  between  Tynez  and  Cracow,  but,  with  no 
more  than  two  fquadrons,  of  which  his  whole  force 
confifted,  he  was  not  in  a  condition  to  refift  the 
confederates,  with  a  body  of  at  lea  ft  a  thoufand 
men.  The  hulans,  alfo,  could  do  nothing,  but 
play  off  a  few  manoeuvres,  of  little  or  no  effect . 
General  Suworow,  therefore,  determined  to  march 
again  ft  thefe  confederate  troops  in  perfon.  He 
took  with  him  two  fquadrons,  and  feme  Coffacs, 
and  ordered  an  equal  number  to  follow  him.  He 
found  the  hulans  and  Lang's  fquadrons  manoeu- 
vring a  retreat.  That  officer  had  been  forced  to 
give  way,  and  the  black  troops  were  preffing  upon 
him  with  redoubled  fteps.  The  general  obferved, 
that  the  object  of  the  enemy  was  not  to  fight,  but 
to  get  to  Cracow  ;  and  he  refolved  to  prevent  them. 
He  accordingly  ordered  his  cavalry  and  CofTacs  to 
charge,  Lang's  fquadrons  and  the  hulan's  followed, 
and  they  had  broken  through  the  enemy,  before 
the  other  troops  were  arrived.  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Lang  received  orders  to  cut  off  the  retreat  of  the 
confederates  ;  and  he  at  length  preffed  them  fo 
clofe,  that  a  great  part  of  them  were  driven  into 
theViftula,  and  perifhed. 

In  this  engagement  Suworow  had  a  very  narrow 
efcape.  In  the  heat  of  the  action,  a  confederate 
officer  rufhed  upon  him,  and  having  difcharge  d 
both  his  piftols,  made  a  blow  at  him  with  his  fabre, 
which  the  general  parried  with  his  own.  At  this 
moment  a  cuirafiier  arrived,  and  ftruck  the  officer 
from  his  horfe. 


Thus  the  remainder  of  the  Lithuanian  confede- 
rates were  difperfed.    A  hundred  men  were  left  on 


CAMPAIGNS.  '83 

the  field  of  battle,  three  hundred  were  drowned  in 
the  river,  fifty  were  made  prifoners,  and  the  reft 
difappeared,  and  were  never  heard  of  more. 

In  the  beginning  of  April,  the  general  received 
a  twelve  pounder  from  Warfaw,  and  as  he  had  al- 
ready two  licornes,  which  carried  eight  pounders, 
four  three  pounders,  and  eight  mortars,  Lieuten- 
ant Haaks  erected  a  battery  on  one  of  the  ftrong- 
eft  edifices,  in  the  front  of  the  principal  gate  of  the 
cattle,  wichout  being  obferved  by  the  garrifon.  He 
alfo  added  a  mortar,  capable  of  throwing  a  ball  of 
a  hundred  weight ;  and,  as  foon  as  the  battery 
was  completed,  it  began  to  play  upon  the  caflle. 
The  apartments  were  frequently  feen  in  flames,  as 
well  as  a  magazine  of  hay,  but  they  were  as  often 
extinguifhed.  A  bomb  fell  on  the  houfe  of  the 
commandant,  which  made  great  havock  ;  the  wall 
on  the  fide  of  the  gate  began  to  totter,  and  a 
breach  was  formed  in  the  church,  which  was  fup- 
ported  by  the  wall  of  the  caflle.  The  two  galleries 
of  the  mine  were  completed,  and  it  only  remained 
to  charge  them. 

The  garrifon  of  the  caflle  were  not  only  without 
flints,  which  had  been  confumed  in  their  various 
fallies,  but  were  reduced  to  the  diet  of  horfe-fltfh. 
This  circumftance  was  known  from  certain  difpatch- 
es,  delivered  up  by  an  officer  who  had  been  taken 
prifoner,  as  he  was  carrying  an  account  of  the 
wretched  ft  ate  of  the  garrifon,  both  as  to  provifions 
and  health,  from  the  commandant  to  General  Vio- 
menil,  and  requeuing  immediate  relief. 


*4 


su  wo  row's 


The  count  availed  himfelf  of  ihu  intelligence, 
and,  on  the  next  day,  fent  captain  Weimarn,  of  the 
cavalry,  tq  the  cattle,  with  a  definitive  declaration 
to  the  French  officers,  that  every  preparation  was 
made  for  an  aiTauit,  and  if  the  garrifon  did  not 
flirrender,  it  would  be  put  to  the  fword. 

On  the  eighth  of  April,  when  the  night  was  al- 
ready far  advanced,  the  French  Brigadier  Galibert 
prefented  himfelf  before  the  entrenchments,  and 
demanded  fafe  conduct  to  the  general ;  he  was  ac- 
cordingly introduced  with  the  ufual  ceremonies. 
Suworow  gave  him  a  very  civil  reception  ;  and,  af- 
ter a  fhort  converfaticn,  dictated  to  him  the  prin- 
cipal articles  of  the  capitulation,  which  contained 
more  advantageous  conditions  than  the  French 
brigadier  had  ventured  to  propofe  ;  who  was  now 
reconducted  under  a  proper  efccrt  and  every  be- 
coming attention,  to  the  cattle. 

On  the  following  day,  the  fame  officer  renewed 
his  vifit  at  ten  in  the  morning  ;  and,  after  he  had 
been  ferved  with  breakfaft,  began  to  Hart  difficulties 
refpecling  certain  articles  of  the  capitulation.  This 
conduct  determined  the  general  to  grant  lefs  than 
he  had  originally  propofed,  and  to  alfure  him  at 
his  departuie,  that,  if  he  returned  without  having 
accepted  the  articles  as  they  actually  were,  other 
and  lefs  favourable  conditions  would  be  propofed 
and  fupported.  That  very  night,  however,  Briga- 
dier Galibert  returned  once  more,  to  accept,  in  the 
name  of  the  garrifon,  all  the  conditions  that  had 
been  offered  to  it. 


CAMPAIGNS» 


The  principal  articles  of  capitulation  were  as  fol- 
lows : — 

I.  The  garrifon  fhall  deliver  up  their  arms  with- 
in the  walls  of  the  caftle,  and  leave  it  in  diftinct 
platoons  of  a  hundred  men. 

II.  The  lives  and  property  of  the  garrifon  fhall 
be  protected. 

III.  The  French  troops,  who  form  a  part  of  the 
garrifon,  lfiall  furrender  ihemfelves  only  as  prifon- 
ers,  but  not  as  prifoners  of  war,  becaufe,  there  being 
no  war  between  the  powers  of  Ruftia  and  France, 
no  exchange  of  prifoners  can  take  place. 

IV.  The  French  troops  which  are  under  the  com- 
mand of  General  Viomenil,  ftiall  be  transferred  to 
Lemberg,  thole  of  Dumourier  to  Biala,  in  Lithua- 
nia, and  thofe  of  the  Polim  confederates  to  Smo- 
lenlko. 

V.  All  the  regalia  of  the  crown,  and  other  effects 

'  in  the  caftle,  (hall  be  reftored  to  the  commiifaries  of 
his  Polim  majefty. 

On  the  following  morning,  the  king's  commiiTa- 
ries  entered  the  caftle,  and  found  the  jewels  of  the 
crown  properly  difpofed  in  a  cabiner,  which  had 
been  enclofed  in  a  wall,  during  the  liege  ;  and  the 
oilier  effects  were  in  good  condition. 

It  was  now  holy  week,  and  the  garrifon  marched 
out  of  the  caftle  on  the  15th  of  April,  which  was 
Eafter-day,  according  to  the  terms  of  the  capitula- 


86 


SUWOROW's 


tion.  The  two  brigadiers,  Galibert  and  Choifi,  as 
well  as  fome  other  French  officers,  had  the  crofs  of 
St.  Louis  ;  and  when  Monßeur  de  Choifi  prefented 
his  fword  to  Suworow,  he  put  it  afide.  "  1  cannot,'' 
faid  he, Ci  receive  the  fword  of  a  gallant  man,  in  the 
"  fervice  of  a  king,  who  is  the  ally  of  my  own  Sove- 
"  reign,"  and  they  immediately  embraced. 

The  principal  officers  were  not  only  treated  with 
kindnefs,  but  entertained  with  magnificence  pre- 
vious to  their  departure.  The  Count  Branizki 
invited  them  to  dine  with  him,  and  gave  them  a 
fumptuous  entertainment.  Major  Sanfow  ZafTeki 
was  charged  alfo  to  do  the  honours  of  a  dinner  to 
the  other  officers,  in  a  palace  prepared  for  their 
reception.  The  general  quitted  table  to  make  the 
neceffary  difpofitions  for  the  conveyance  of  all  his 
prifoners  to  Lublin.  A  coach  was  procured  for 
the  two  brigadiers,  and  other  carriages  were  ap- 
pointed for  the  reft  of  the  officers.  The  cavalry 
received  fuch  of  their  horfes  as  remained,  and 
farmers  waggons  were  collected  for  the  other  pri- 
foners. The  general  ordered  the  major  on  du- 
ty to  take  care  that  every  poffible  attention  fhould 
be  paid  to  them  on  their  route.  They  were 
efcorted  by  four  companies  of  infantry,  and  two 
fitld-pieces,  two  fquadrons  of  cavalry,  and  fifty 
Collacs,  commanded  by  Colonel  Idagien  ;  and  the 
march  was  covered  by  a  referred  detachment  of 
almoft  equal  force,  commanded  by  Lieutenant-Co- 
lonel Michaelfon,  to  whom  he  gave  the  principal 
charge. 

The  prifoners  were  about  a  thoufand,  a  third  of 
whom  were  cavalry,  with  near  fifty  officers  of  rank. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


'87 


The  Iofs  of  the  Ruffians,  during  the  fiege,  was  two 
hundred  killed,  and  about  four  hundred  wounded. 

Their  progrefs  was  not  interrupted  :  not  one  of 
the  different  parties  of  confederates,  who  infefted 
the  country,  had  the  courage  to  attack  the  efcort ; 
fo  that  the  whole  arrived  fafe  at  Lublin  ;  from 
whence  the  prifoners  were  fent  off  to  their  refpeclivs 
deftinations. 

Suworow  was  impatient  to  continue  his  opera- 
tions ;  and  without  waiting  for  the  return  of  the 
efcort  to  Cracow,  though  he  had  but  a  fmall  body 
of  troops,  detached  the  principal  part  of  them  a- 
gainft  Zator,  a  fmall  fortified  town,  about  fix  miles 
from  Cracow,  on  the  banks  of  the  Viitula.  They 
furprized  the  garrifon,  and,  without  effufion  of 
blood,  brought  away  the  commandant,  with  his 
officers,  and  two  hundred  prifoners.  But  before 
they  quitted  the  place,  they  blew  up  the  works, 
which  were  defended  only  by  twelve  ufelefs  pieces 
of  artillery. 

A  fmall  corps  of  obfervation  ferved  to  overawe 
the  towns  of  Tyniz  and  Landfkroon  till  the  detach- 
ment, which  has  been  already  mentioned,  returned 
from  Lublin  :  but  it  was  no  fooner  arrived,  and  he 
had  received  a  fupply  of  cannon  and  ammunition 
from  Rofel,  than  the  general  proceeded  to  inveft 
Tyniz  in  form.  In  the  mean  time,  the  troops  of 
the  emperor  arrived  in  this  canton,  and  made  them- 
felves  matters  of  Landfkroon.  Suworow  therefore 
abandoned  Tyniz  to  them,  and,  having  withdrawn 
his  artillery,  returned  to  Cracow. 


SS 


su  wo  row's 


Several  of  the  confederate  chiefs  at  length  fub- 
mitted,  and  abandoned  their  party.  Colonel  Mof- 
chinfki,  of  Sandomir,  prefented  himfelf  on  parole 
toSuworow,  gave  in  his  refignation,  and  difmilfed 
all  thofe  who  were  under  his  command.  Marfhal 
Mafowizki  did  the  fame  by  deputation.  The  fa- 
mous Major-General  Schutz  came  in  perfon  with 
the  remains  of  his  fine  troops  of  Radzewill,  form- 
ing at  this  time  a  bcdy  of  a  thoufand  men,  the 
principal  part  of  whole  officers  were  foreigners, 
and  had  ferved  in  different  armies.  He  capitulated 
on  very  advantageons  conditions,  and  the  general 
treated  him  as  his  friend.  His  people  were  all  dif- 
banded,  with  a  fatisfaclory  gratification. 

The  PrulTians  had  alfo  marched  againfl  the  con- 
federates, and  the  three  allied  powers  completed 
their  defign  of  potTefling  themfelves  of  certain  pro- 
vinces of  Poland. 

Tranquility  being  reftored  in  Poland,  the  Rufiian 
troops  were  withdrawn  from  that  kingdom,  except 
a  few  regiments,  who  were  ordered  to  join  the  army, 
commanded  by  count  Romanzow,  againfl  the 
Turks.  A  fhort  time  before,  the  Lieutenant-Ge- 
nerals Romanus  and  Elmpt  arrived  in  Poland,  with 
a  body  of  troops  in  a  complete  ftate  of  equipment. 
The  hrft  paiTed  by  Lithuania,  on  the  fide  of  Lublin, 
and  the  latter  remained  there. 

Thus  ended  the  campaigns  againft  the  confede- 
rates in  Poland,  where  General  Suworow  ferved 
during  four  years  without  interruption.  Indepen- 
dent of  the  numerous  inferior  actions  and  multipli- 
ed ikirmifhes,  in  which  his  courage  was  always 


CAMPAIGNS. 


difplayed,  and  his  military  capacity  never  failed  to 
appear  ;  he  was  covered  with  glory  by  the  victory 
of  Stalowiz,  and  the  capture  of  Cracow  ;  which 
gave  the  promife  of  that  brilliant  career  that  he  has 
fmce  run. 

In  the  month  of  September,  he  was  attached  to 
the  corps  of  Generai  Elmpt,  which,  on  account 
of  the  actual  fituation  of  Sweden,  was  ordered  to 
Finland,  by  the  way  of  Petersburg.  In  the  courfe 
cf  the  autumn  it  took  its  departure,  and  by  ordina- 
ry marches,  arrived  in  the  winter  atPeterfburg.  The 
regiments  deftined  for  Finland  traverfed  the  city  in 
great  parade  ;  but  General  Suworow  remained 
with  his  divifion  in  the  capital. 

In  February,  1773,  he  was  employed  on  the 
duty  of  infpecling  the  frontiers  of  Finland.  He 
took  his  route  by  Wybourg,  Kexholm,  and  Neuf- 
chott,  towards  the  frontiers  of  Sweden,  where  he 
was  determined  to  remain  unknown.  He  found 
all  ciafles  of  people,  the  clergy,  the  nobility,  the 
burghers,  and  the  whole  militia  of  the  country  pre- 
judiced agsunft  the  new  conftitution.  He  reduced 
all  he  heard  and  faw  to  writing  ;  and  on  his  return 
to  Peterlburg,  made  the  neceffary  communications. 

Towards  the  fpring,  the  congrefs  of  the  Turks, 
at  Soczan,  feparated  5  the  truce  was  at  an  end,  and 
it  appeared  as  if  war  would  be  rekindled.  Gene- 
ral Suworow  now  received  orders  to  join  the  army 
in  Moldavia,  where  he  ferved  under  the  Field  Mar- 
mal  Romanzow. 


vol.  1. 


M 


9<3 


sii  wo  row's 


CHAP.  Uli 

THE  FIRST  WAR  AGAINST  THE  TURKS,  UNDER  FI  ELD- 
MARS  HA.  L  ROMAN  ZQW,  IN  THE  TEARS  IJJ$AND 

G 

ENERAL  Suworow,  in  the  beginning 
of  May,  1773,  arrived  at  Jafly, and  prefented  him- 
felf  to  Field-Marfhal  Romanzow,  who  had  then 
fixed  his  head-quarters  at  that  place,  the  capital  of 
Moldavia.  On  the  third  day  after  his  arrival,  he 
proceeded  to  join  the  corps  of  Walachia,  to  which 
he  was  attached  :  it  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant- 
General  Count  Sokikow,  and  was  encamped  before 
Tchurfchebo.  He  reconnoitred  the  furrounding 
country,  and  went  the  following  day  to  the  convent 
of  Nigojefchti,  where  he  received  his  detachment. 
It  confided  of  regiments  of  carabineers  and  Aflra- 
can  infantry,  with  four  field-pieces,  and  about  a 
hundred  CofTacs  of  the  Don,  under  their  brave 
officer  Seminkin.  There  were  alfo  feventeen  boats 
provided  for  the  fervice  of  the  detachment. 

Nigojefchti  is  fituate  at  the  diftance  of  a  mile  and 
a  half  from  the  Danube  :  Turtukay  is  upon  the 
right  bank  of  that  river ;  and  to  the  right  of  the 
convent  runs  the  Arbifch,  which  flows  into  it.  Near 
its  mouth  fome  heavy  pieces  of  artillery  had  been 
levelled  on  the  oppofite  bank,  which  not  only  de- 
fended the  river,  but  commanded  a  part  of  the  coun- 
try on  the  other  fide  of  it,  and  had  often  compelled 
the  Ruflians  to  retire. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


91 


At  this  place,  the  Danube  is  upwards  of  a  mile 
in  breadth,  with  very  fteep  banks  ;  neverthelefs, 
General  ouworow  determined  to  arm  all  his  boat:;, 
each  of  which  was  capable  of  containing  from  twenty 
to  thirty  men,  and  attempt  a  defcent  on  the  right 
fide  of  the  river.  With  this  view  he  ordered  fol- 
diers  to  be  employed  as  rowers,  and  made  them 
practife  under  the  direction  of  Lieutenant  Palkin. 
It  was  alfo  neceflary  that  the  boats  mould  be  trans- 
ported upon  carts  drawn  by  oxen,  and  without 
being  perceived,  to  the  diftance  of  a  mile  down  the 
river  ;  where  there  was  a  commodious  place  for 
embarking  the  troops. 

Every  thing  being  in  readinefs,  the  detachment, 
confiding  of  four  companies  of  infantry,  a  regi- 
ment of  carabineers,  and  a  hundred  Comics,  began 
its  march  in  the  darken:  part  of  the  night.  The 
armed  boats  defcehded  the  Artilch,  and  the  carria- 
ges proceeded  along  the  fide  of  the  bank  in  a  hol- 
low way,  which  was  covered  by  thickets. 

When  the  whole  party  and  their  equipage  was 
arrived  at  the  place  appointed,  the  general  detir- 
mined  to  remain  there  till  the  following  night.  He 
accordingly  wrapped  his  cloak  round  him,  and  lay 
down,  at  a  fmall  diftance  from  the  river,  to  get  a 
little  repofe  ;  but,  juft  before  day-break,  he  unex- 
pectedly heard  the  cry  of  Allah  !  very  near  the  fpot 
where  he  was,  He  inftantly  arofe,  and  perceiving 
a  body  of  Spahis  or  Turkifh  horfe,  coming  towards 
him  with  uplifted  fabres,  he  had  only  time  to  leap 
on  his  horfe,  and  to  gallop  off  with  all  poihble  fpeed. 


92 


SUWOROw's 


Seminfki  inftantly  led  on  the  Collacs  to  attack 
them  ;  but  with  all  his  bravery  he  could  not  with- 
Hand  their  onfet,  and  was  obliged  to  retire.  They 
then  menaced  the  regiment  of  carabineers,  when  the 
general  ordered  two  fquadrons  to  fall  on  them  fword 
in  hand  ;  and  they,  in  their  turn,  were  now  com- 
pelled to  give  way,  and  were  purfued  to  the  banks 
of  the  Danube  ;  when,  throwing  themfelves  into 
their  large  boats,  they  haftily  efcaped.  The  Ruffian 
infantry  was  at  fome  diftance,  and  had  no  Ihare  in 
this  engagement.  The  Turks,  who  had  upwards  of 
four  hundred  men,  left  four  fcore  on  the  field,  and 
a  few  prifoners,  among  whom  was  their  Bim-bacha, 
an  aged  and  venerable  man. 

This  was  the  firft  acquaintance  that  Suworow* 
made  with  the  Turks,  to  whom  the  very  name  of 
this  warrior  is  fince  become  fo  formidable.  The 
advantage,  which  he  obtained  in  this  a&ion,  feems 
to  have  been  a  prelude  to  the  numerous  victories 
he  has  fince  obtained  over  the  Ottoman  arms. 

The  Ruffians  having  been  difcovered,  the  gene- 
ral, extended  his  obfervations  on  the  environs,  and 
changed  his  plan.  He  ordered  the  carriages  to  re- 
turn, the  following  night,  embarked  his  infantry  on 
the  Artifch,  in  order  to  proceed  to  its  conflux  with 
the  Danube.  A  hundred  light  carabineers,  with 
their  colonel,  and  the  ColTacs,  fwam  down  the 
itream  after  them  ;  a  fervice  of  no  fmall  rifk  ;  but 
was  attended  on  this  occafion,  with  the  lofs  only  of 
a  few  men  and  horfes. 

A  defcent  was  now  made  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Danube,  under  a  very  fevere  fite  of  Turkilh 


CAMPAIGNS. 


93 


artillery ;  and  Major  Rehbeck  was  immediately 
ordered  to  get  pofieflion  of  a  redoubt  on  the  right, 
which  covered  the  Turkifh  flotilla.  Lieutenant 
Maurinow,  who  had  formed  his  company  into  a 
hollow  fquare,  received  orders  to  make  himfelf 
mailer  of  a  fimilar  redoubt  on  the  left.  The  centre, 
commanded  by  Colonel  Batturin,  came  at  once 
upon  an  empty  redoubt,  and,  advancing  onwards, 
enclofed  an  entrenchment  :  a  heavy  piece  of  artille- 
ry, which  had  been  fixed  in  the  road,  on  being 
difcharged,  bur  ft  in  feveral  pieces,  wounded  a  con- 
fiderable  number,  and,  amdng  the  reft,  the  general 
himfelf  received  a  very  fevere  blow  on  his  right 
leg.  Nor  was  this  all,  for  a  janilTary  aimed  a  flroke 
at  his  bread,  which  he  fortunately  parried,  and  it 
was  not  repeated,  as  the  Turks  were  immediately 
driven  from  the  entrenchment,  and  left  it  to  the 
poflefiion  of  the  Ruffians. 

It  was  now  an  object  of  importance  to  gain  a 
height,  which  was  acafmall  diftance,  commanded 
all  the  country,  and  had  not  been  fortified  by  the 
Turks.  The  Ruffians  hurried  thither,  and,  when 
they  were  arrived,  the  general  commanded  a  halt. 

The  cavalry  and  the  ColTacs  purfued  tha 
Turks,  as  well  as  ths  dufk  of  the  evening  would 
allow  them.  Rehbeck  had  the  good  fortune  to 
feize  the  flotilla ;  and  Maurinow,  after  having  ta- 
ken  a  redoubt,  made  himfelf  mafter  of  lurtukay. 

As  it  was  not  permitted  to  any  one  to  pillage  on 
his  own  account,  Suworow  had  made  a  regulation, 
that,  where  pillage  was  allowed  by  the  laws  of  War, 


94 


STJWOROw's 


four  perfons  fliould  be  appointed  to  that  femce 
from  every  battalion,  and  that  the  whole  lhould 
partake  of  the  booty. 

He  remained  about  an  hour  upon  the  hill,  where 
he  ordered  the  watch -word,  and  other  military 
fignals,  to  be  continually  repeated.  The  day,  at 
length,  began  to  appear. 

Lieutenant-General,  afterwards  Prince  Potemkin, 
who  was  encamped  in  front  of  Siliftria,  had  promi- 
fed  to  fend,  by  his  boats,  two  thoufand  CofTacs  of 
Saporichi ;  but  they  did  not  arrive  till  feveral  hours 
after  the  combat  was  concluded. 

On  a  fignal  given,  the  Ruffian  troops  returned 
to  the  banks  of  the  river ;  and  having  embarked, 
took  feveral  Turkilh  boats,  with  fix  brafs  cannon, 
ana1  eight  heavy  pieces  of  artillery.  The  latter  were 
funk  in  the  Danube,  as  there  was  not  time  tobring 
them  away.  Turtukay  was  in  flames ;  and,  about 
ten  o'clock,  a  large  magazine  of  powder  blew  up, 
whofe  explofion  was  heard  throughout  the  fur- 
rounding  country. 

Immediately  after  the  victory,  General  Suworow 
difpatched  an  account  of  it  to  Field-Marfnal  Ro- 
manzow.  The  ftyle  of  the  relation  is  truly  laconic 
and  original,  and  difplays,  in  feme  degree,  the 
charade r  of  the  writer.  The  following  is  a  feeble 
tranfiation  of  it : 

cc  Honour  and  glory  to  God  !  Glory  to  you, 
"  Romanzow  !  We  are  in  poiTeilion  of  Turtukay, 
"  and  I  am  in  it. 

"  SUWOROW." 


CAMPAIGNS. 


SJ 


As  a  recompense  for  this  victory,  the  emprefs 
tranftnitted  to  him  the  crofs  of  the  order  of  Saint 
George,  of  the  fecond  clafs,  with  the  following 
letter  : 

T ?  our  Major-Gerisral  de  Suworwk 

"  The  bravery  and  heroifm  of  which  you  have 
"  given  fuch  a  brilliant  example,  in  the  conduct  of 
"  the  detachment  entrusted  to  your  command,  at 
"  the  fiege  and  afTault  of  Turtukay,  render  you 
"  worthy  of  fome  honourable  di flection,  and  of 
"  our  Imperial  favour  :  In  conformity,  therefore. 
"  to  the  ftatutes  of  the  military  order  of  Saint 
"  George,  which  we  have  inftituted,  we  graciouf- 
"  ly  name  you  to  be  a  night  of  that  order,  of  the 
"  fecond  clafs,  commanding  you  to  receive  the 
"  decorations  which  accompany  this  letter,  and  to 
<£  fufpend  its  crofs  from  your  neck,  according  to 
<c  our  inftitution.  We  are  pleafed  to  encourage 
u  the  belief,  that  this  Imperial  favour  will  animate 
"  you  more  and  more  to  merit  the  good-will  with 
"  which  we  are  your  affectionate, 

"  CATHERINE." 

Sarfioefelo,  June  3c,  1773. 

When  the  troops  had  reached  the  left  bank  of 
the  Danube,  they  enjoyed  a  fhort  repofe  in  a  fmall 
valley  ;  and,  in  the  courfe  of  the  night,  returned 
to  their  camp,  near  the  convent  of  Nigojefchti. 
This  happenned  on  the  tenth  of  May. 

This  victory  coli  the  Ruffians  fixty  men  killed, 
and  one  hundred  and  fifty  wounded.  The  Turks 
loft  four  large,  and  fix  fmall  ftandards.  Their 


troops,  which  were  chiefly  infantry,  amounted  to 
four  thoufand  men.  Their  fine  flotilla,  which  fell 
into  the  power  of  the  Ruffians,  confuted  of  fifty 
boats  and  trading  veflcls.  The  foldiers  made  a  con- 
fiderable  booty  in  effeQs,  as  well  as  in  gold  and 
iilver  :  and,  when  they  afterwards  attended  divine 
fervice  for  public  thankfgiving,  they  prefented  the 
priefts  with  roubles  and  pieces  of  gold. 

A  new  raifed  regiment  of  CofTacs,  confiding  of 
three  hundred  and  fifty  men,  natives  of  Poland, 
and  commanded  by  Major  Cafperow,  reinforced 
Suworow's  detachment.  The  general  now  em- 
ployed himfelf  in  the  continual  exercife  of  hi$ 
troops,  and  in  fortifying  the  convent  of  Nigojefchti. 

In  the  month  of  June,  he  was  attacked  by  a  vio- 
lent fever,  which  obliged  him  to  go  to  Bucharefl 
for  the  recovery  of  his  health. 

The  grand  army,  commanded  by  Field -Mai  mal 
Romanzow,  pafTed  the  Danube  in  the  month  of 
July,  and  encamped  before  Siliflrja.  At  the  fame 
time,  General  Weifmann  palled  the  river  near  If- 
mail,  beat  the  Turks  three  times  in  the  courfe  of 
his  march,  and  effected  a  junction  with  the  main 
army. 

The  Turks  received  a  reinforcement  before  Tur- 
tukay,  and  fortified  themfelves  in  a  more  fkilful 
manner  than  they  had  hitherto  done.  General  Su- 
worow,  though  he  was  by  no  means  re-eftablifhed 
in  his  health,  fet  off  to  join  his  detachment,  which, 
during  his  abfence,  had  received  no  great  addition 
to  its  numbers.    The  battalion  of  Nifow,  confiding 


CAMPAIGNS. 


97 


of  two  hundred  men,  with  the  regiment  of  Cofiacs 
of  the  Don  commanded  by  Colonel  Leonow,  and 
two  hundred  Arnauts  compofed  the  whole  of  his 
late  reinforcements.  He  armed  the  regiment  of 
carabineers  with  mufkets  from  Buchareft,  and  had 
them  inflrucled  in  the  manual  difcipline  of  the  in- 
fantry. Major  Count  Mellin  had  under  his  orders 
at  Buchareft  three  hundred  recruits,  whom  he  was 
employed  in  forming  to  every  duty  and  exertion  of 
f '  the  foldier's  life.  Mellin  came  afterwards  to  Nigo- 
jefchti ;  the  general  followed  him  ;  and,  in  a  iTiort 
time,  proceeded  on  a  fecond  expedition. 

He  ordered  his  flotilla  to  proceed  empty  down 
the  Artifch,  and  to  come  to  off  the  left  bank  of  the 
Danube.  He  left  two  hundred  men  in  garrifon  at 
Nigojefchti  to  keep  clear  the  right  bank  of  that 
river  :  at  the  fame  time,  he  erected  a  battery  of  fix 
cannon  on  the  left  bank,  and  entrufted  its  defence 
to  Colonel  Norow,  with  two  companies,  two  fqua- 
drons,  and  a  new  raifed  regiment  of  Coflacs,  that 
the  Turks  might  not  furprize  or  turn  it.  The  de- 
tachment, deftined  for  embarkation,  confided  of 
from  fixteen  to  eighteen  hundred  men. 

They  began  their  march  in  the  early  part  of  the 
night ;  it  was  at  firft  very  cloudy  and  obfcure,  but 
the  moon  appeared  as  they  approached  the  bank, 
which  rendered  it  neceflary  for  them  to  retire  to  a 
hiding-place,  that  they  might  not  be  perceived  from 
the  oppofite  fide  of  the  river.  The  moon,  how- 
ever, foon  retired,  when  the  march  was  renewed, 
and  at  midnight  they  arrived  at  the  place  where 
they  were  to  embark. 

vol.  i.  N 


9$ 


su  wo  row's 


The  flotilla  was  diftributed  into  three  divifions, 
under  the  Colonels  Baturin,  Mellin,  and  Mefcber- 
fki,  who  commanded  the  infantry  ;  while  the  fqua- 
drons  of  horfe  and  the  CoiTacs  of  the  Don  fwam 
acrofs  the  river. 

Though  it  was  very  tempeftuous,  Baturin  effect- 
ed a  defcent  on  the  right  bank,  and  drove  the  Turks 
from  an  entrenchment  of  which  he  had  received 
information.  He  immediately  gave  the  fignal  of 
his  fuccefs,  and  halted  there,  initead  of  pufhing 
forwards  to  attack  another  which  was  of  dill  great- 
er importance.  The  general  was  ftill  on  the  left 
bank  to  fuperintend  the  embarkation.  As  he  fuf- 
pecled  that  all  was  not  right  on  the  oppofite  fide 
of  the  river,  and  that  there  was  no  time  to  lofe  in 
taking  advantage  of  the  night,  he  at  once  refolved 
to  embark  with  the  fecond  divifion,  which  the  force 
of  the  current  carried  a  quarter  of  a  mile  too  low. 
Suworow  was  ftill  in.fo  languid  a  ftate  that  he  could 
not  walk  without  the  fupport  of  two  men  ;  and  his 
voice  was  fo  weak  that  it  was  abfolutely  neceflary 
for  an  officer  to  be  always  by  his  fide  to  repeat  his 
commands. 

He  now  returned  up  the  river  under  its  right  bank, 
and  difembarked  his  people  near  the  town  of  Tur- 
tukay,  which  he  had  lately  burned,  though  there 
ftill  remained  a  considerable  number  of  houfes ; 
and  he  was  obliged  to  pafs  through  a  part  of  its 
ruins.  At  the  dawn  of  day  feveral  bodies  of  armed 
Turks  appeared,  whom  he  did  not  think  proper  to 
attack,  as  his  principal  object  was  to  effect  a  junc- 
tion with  the  battalion  of  Niffow,  under  Colonel 
Baturin,  which  he  happily  effected ;  and,  without 


CAMPAIGNS. 


99 


reproaching' that  officer  for  his  late  error,  he  im- 
mediately difpatched  Major  R.ehbock,  with  three 
companies,  to  attack  the  important  entrenchment, 
which  Baturin  had  neglected,  and  the  troops  fol- 
lowed. The  Arnautes  had  been  already  detached 
with  orders  to  get  unperceived  behind  the  Turkifh 
camp,  and  by  their  outcries  and  manoeuvres  to  fill 
it  with  alarm  and  confufion. 

Rehbock  took  poffeflion  of  the  entrenchment, 
and  t\)Q  whole  body  of  infantry  foon  eftablifhed 
themfeives  in  it.  It  was  fituate  on  the  very  height 
which  has  been  mentioned  in  the  detail  of  the  form- 
er battle.  At  day -light  it  was  found  to  be  on  an 
eminence  that  commanded  the  whole  country. 
The  entrenchment,  indeed,  was  not  completed : 
the  parapet  was  not  fufficiently  elevated,  the  ditch 
had  not  the  necelfary  depth,  and  the  entrance  was 
not  fortified.  The  area,  however,  was  fo  extenfive, 
that  the  whole  body  of  infantry,  with  the  foot  ca- 
rabineers, could  difplay  themfeives  at  large  in  it. — 
No  Turks  were  vifible  in  the  other  entrenchments- 

A  party  of  carabineers  having  fet  out  on  a  pilla- 
ging party  without  orders,  the  Turks  fell  upon,  and 
purfued  them  ;  and,  before  they  could  recover 
themfeives,  the  whole  Turkifh  army,  confifling  of 
feven  thoufand  men,  quitted  their  camp,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  attack  the  entrenchment.  It  was  about 
fix  in  the  morning. 

The  Turkifh  infantry  pofted  themfeives  behind 
the  hedges,  where  they  did  confiderable  mifchief : 
and  the  cavalry  rufhed  on  towards  the  entrench- 
ment.   As  the  parapet  was  low,  the  Ruffians  were 


1,00 


su  wo  row's 


under  the  necefiity  of  firing  on  their  knees.  They 
had  indeed  taken  feme  cannon,  but  as  there  wrerc 
no  artillery  men  with  them,  they  were,  for  the 
prelent,  altogether  ulelefs. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  Ruffian  rear  guard  ad- 
vanced, with  one  field-piece,  which  the  current  of 
the  river  had  driven  to  a  confiderable  diftance  from 
the  place  where  they  had  been  ordered  to  difem- 
bark.  This  fingle  cannon  proved  to  be  of  great 
fervice,  as  the  Turks  were  without  artillery  :  but 
the  principal  mifchief  was  produced  by  the  battery 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube.  Though  the 
Turks  had  been  continually  repuifed  in  their  at- 
tacks on  the  entrenchments,  they  returned  as  often 
with  renewed  impetuofiry. 

The  action  had  now  Jafled  two  hours,  when  the 
Turkifh  horfe  reafiembled  in  great  numbers,  and 
attacked  with  the  fierceft  ardour  the  unfortified  en- 
trance of  the  parapet.  The  Bacha,  who  command- 
ed them,  appeared  in  rich  array  at  their  head  ;  but, 
as  they  approached,  he  received  a  fhot  in  his  bread, 
which  a  ferjeant  of  chaffeurs  had  discharged  at  him, 
und,  with  a  loud  fcream,  fell  from  his  horfe.  His 
people  in  Randy  furrounded  him,  when  a  body  of 
fifty  Coifacs  broke  through  the  midft  of  them,  and 
though  the  Turks  exerted  the  moft  confummate 
bravery  to  fave  their  chief,  a  Coffac  completed  his 
fate  by  the  ftroke  of  a  lance. 

Thus  died  Sary  Mechmed  Bacha,  the  fecond  in 
command  of  the  famous  Ali  Bey,  of  Egypt,  whom 
he  afterwards  betrayed  ;  a  man  alike  diftinguifhed 
for  his  courage,  his  flrength,  and  his  beauty.  His 


CAMPAIGNS. 


101 


people,  though  they  were  confounded,  did  not 
difperfe,  but  continued  the  combat  during  an  hour  ; 
and,  though  compelled  to  retreat,  difdained  to  fly. 

At  length,  in  order  at  once  to  terminate  the 
conteft,  General  Suworow  commanded  Captain  . 
Bratzow  to  fally  from  the  entrenchment,  with  a 
column  of  two  companies  of  grenadiers,  fix  men  in 
front,  and  to  fall  upon  the  Turks  ;  but  that  brave 
officer  met  with  a  powerful  refiftance,  fuftained 
considerable  lofs,  and  was  himfelf  mortally  wound- 
ed :  notwithstanding  fuch  a  difcouraging  circum- 
ftance,  the  column  pulhed  onwards,  and  the  Turks 
were  repulfed.  At  this  moment,  the  whole  force 
of  the  entrenchment  came  forwards,  when  the 
Turkifh  army  was  completely  routed,  and  the  Ruf- 
fian cavalry  were  ordered  to  purfue  them. 

Suworow  now  mounted  his  horfe,  and  proceed- 
ing to  an  elevated  fpot,  took  a  view  of  the  camp 
from  whence  the  Turks  had  hTued  to  attack  the 
entrenchment,  and  where  it  appeared  that  they  had 
left  but  a  few  fcattered  troops  to  protect  it.  He 
therefore  ordered  a  body  of  infantry  to  haften  thi- 
ther with  all  fpeed,  and  poffefs  themfelves  of  the 
artillery,  while  he  followed  with  the  reft  of  his 
forces.  He  formed  them  into  three  fides  of  a 
fquare,  and  covered  the  wings  with  his  cavalry,  in 
order  to  receive  the  Turks  with  advantage,  if  they 
mould  be  induced  to  attack  him  ;  but  they  continu- 
ed their  retreat,  and  left  their  camp  to  the  con- 
querors. On  this  occafion  the  Ruffian  foldiers  di- 
vided a  very  rich  booty. 


* 


102 


su  wo  row's 


Four-and-twenty  large  veffels,  called  fchaiks, 
were  alfo  feized  by  the  Ruffians  ;  they  were  fecured 
in  mallow  water,  and  the  accefs  to  them  defended 
by  palifades.  It  employed  feveral  hours,  and  re- 
quired no  common  exertions  to  difengage  them. 
»  Äs  the  general  confidered  this  poll  of  little  confe- 
quence,  he  gave  orders  for  an  immediate  return. 
The  Ruffian  infantry  accordingly  embarked  on  their 
flotilla ;  while  the  cavalry  went  on  board  the 
fchaicks,  with  the  artillery  which  had  been  captu- 
red, and  the  whole  force  proceeded  to  that  part  of 
the  left  bank  of  the  river,  where  the  battery,  com- 
manded by  Colonel  Norow,  had  been  erected. 
•There  they  fixed  their  camp. 

In  this  action,  which  took  place  on  the  27th  of 
July,  the  Turks  loft  a  thoufand  men,  and  eighteen 
brafs  cannon,  which  had  never  been  employed. 

The  remains  of  Sary  Mechmed  Bacha  were  inter- 
red on  the  right  bank,  with  all  the  honours  due  to 
his  high  rank  and  military  qualiries. 

The  news  of  this  victory  was  carried  by  Major 
Rehbock  to  Field-Marfhal  Romanzow,  who  re- 
ceived it  with  the  greater  pleafure,  as  on  the  fame 
day,  an  ineffectual  attempt  had  been  made  upon 
Siliftria. 

On  the  following  day,  the  general  embarked  a 
large  part  of  his  force,  and  afcended  the  Danube. 
He  left  none  of  his  troops  behind,  but  the  cavalry, 
and  a  detachment  of  infantry  at  the  convent,  which 
he  had  already  fortified.  The  weather  was  very 
favourable  when  they  embarked  ;  but,  towards  the 


KAMPAIGNS. 


evening,  a  ftorm  arofe,  which  fo  completely  dif- 
perfed  the  flotilla,  that  the  boat,  in  which  the  gene- 
ral had  taken  his  paiTage,  with  great  difficulty  gain- 
ed the  right  bank  of  the  river.  In  the  middle  of 
the  night  the  tempeftuous  weather  fubfided,  and, 
in  the  morning,  the  flotilla  was  reunited,  with  very 
considerable  lofs.  Here  General  Suworow  had  a 
conference  with  count  Soltikow,  whofe  corps  lay 
before  Schurfch,  on  the  fubject  of  an  enterprize  on 
Rufcheluck  ;  but  the  project  was  deferred  on  ac- 
count of  the  unfuccefsful  attempt  on  Siliflria,  the 
intelligence  of  which,  had  now  reached  them.  The 
general,  therefore,  returned  to  his  former  pott,  and 
the  flotilla  entered  into  the  Artifch. 

* 

In  a  fhort  time  after,  there  was  a  frefli  diftribu- 
tionof  military  commands,  and  Suworow  was  at- 
tached to  the  army  of  the  field-marfhal. 

Previous  to  his  departure  from  Nigojefchti.  an 
accident  happened  to  the  general,  which  threaten- 
ed the  moft  fatal  confequences.  The  flair-cafe  of 
the  convent  having  become  very  flippery  on  account 
of  the  rain,  the  general,  who  was  not  recovered 
from  the  hurt  in  his  leg,  fell  with  great  violence  on 
his  back  ;  which,  befides  the  exterior  bruifes,  was 
attended  with  internal  pains,  and  a  great  difficulty  of 
refpiration.  He  was,  therefore,  conveyed  to  Bucha- 
reft,  where,  by  the  aid  and  care  of  a  very  fkilful 
phyfician,  in  the  courfe  of  fifteen  days,  his  health 
was  completely  re-eftabliflied.  As  foon  as  he  was 
recovered,  which  was  in  the  middle  of  Auguft,  he 
repaired  to  his  newpoft. 


io4 


's  u  wo  row's 


The  detachment,  of  which  he  was  appointed  to 
take  the  command,  was  encamped  before  Chirfch- 
owa  ;  while  Romanzow  maintained  his  pofition 
near  the  river  Jalowiza.  Suworow  immediately 
crofTed  the  Danube  to  Chirfchowa.  The  town 
is  fituated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river,  which,  at 
this  place,  is  half  a  mile  broad,  and  is  divided  by 
feveral  iflands. 

He  found  the  detachment  very  much  expofed  to 
be  attacked  by  the  Turks,  as  well  from  its  own 
Tveaknefs,  as  the  nature  of  its  pofition.  He  deter- 
mined therefore  to  hazard  nothing,  and  to  fecure 
his  troops  by  ftr^ong  entrenchments.  He  began  by 
reconnoitring  the  environs,  and  marking  the  places 
where  fortifications  mould  be  erected.  He  was, 
however,  fo  unfortunate,  as  to  lofe,  at  this  time, 
the  only  engineer  in  his  fervice.  That  officer,  in 
palling  a  river,  miftook  the  ford,  and  was  drowned. 

The  entrenchments  proceeded  with  all  pofTible 
expedition,  and  they  were  no  fooner  completed, 
than  intelligence  was  received  that  the  Turks  at 
Kariffia,  about  ten  miles  from  Chirfchowa,  were 
in  motion,  and  would  foon  begin  to  march. 

The  correctnefs  of  this  information  was  pruved, 
by  their  approaching,  in  the  night  of  the  3d  of 
September,  within  half  a  mile  of  the  town  ;  the 
moon  being  at  the  full.  The  principal  Ruffian 
officers  weie  of  opinion  that  the  Turks  would  im- 
mediately make  their  attack.  The  general,  how- 
ever, entertained  different  fentiments,  and  ordered 
his  troops  to  repofe.  As  for  himfelf,  he  waited 
with  impatience  for  the  break  of  day  ;  and,  fome 


CAMPAIGNS. 


i  oS 


time  before  It  was  light,  he  mounted  his  horfe, 
and,  accompanied  by  two  CofTacs,  proceeded  to 
obferve  the  march  and  motions  of  the  enemy. 

His  corps  confided  of  four  regiments  of  infantry, 
two  of  which  were  very  incomplete,  not  containing 
more  than  two  hundred  men,  witlv  their  cannon, 
three  fquadrons  of  huffars,  and  a  hundred  Coffees. 
The  two  full  regiments  were  encamped  in  a  low 
and  covered  ifland,  with  which  a  communication 
was  formed  by  a  bridge  of  boats  ;  and  the  two  weak 
regiments  were  diftributed  in  the  caitle  and  the  in- 
trench ments.  - 

The  Turkifh  army  of  eleven  thoufand  men  ad- 
vanced. At  eight,  they  approached  the  fartheft 
redoubt,  which  was  commanded  by  the  cannon  of 
the  caftle.  When  they  drew  nigh,  the  general 
made  a  feint  of  alarm,  and  ordered  the  tents  to  be 
(track  and  carried  into  the  redoubt.  Around  the 
entrenchments,  deep  hollows  had  been  made,  which 
were  planted  with  fmall  lances.  He  had  alfo  or- 
dered that  the  enemy  mould  be  fuffered  to  approach 
clofe  to  the  works,  without  a  Tingle  difcharge  of 
artillery. 

The  Turks  appeared  to  entertain  the  defign  of 
attacking  the  redoubt  and  the  caftle  at  the  fame 
moment ;  but  Colonel  Dumafchow,  from  a  brave 
impatience,  and  before  they  were  within  reach, 
difcharged  fome  balls  at  them,  which  counteracted 
the  general's  firft  plan,  and  for  fome  time  delayed 
their  approach.  They,  however,  advanced  in 
fkirmifning,  and  though  there  were  fome  works 
that  interrupted  them,  they  continued  to  gain 

vol.  i.  O 


su  wo  row's 


ground  ;  but  their  march  was  not  matked  with  its 
ufual  rapidity.  Suworow  now  ordered  his  fkirmiiV 
ers  to  retreat  by  little  and  little,  and  to  take  flight, 
as  if  feized  with  a  fudden  panic.  By  this  ftrata- 
gem  he  hoped  to  tempt  the  enemy  clofe  to  the  en- 
trenchments. 

It  did  not,  however,  produce  the  defired  effecl: ; 
for  as  foon  as  they  were  freed  from  the  flying  par- 
ties of  the  Ruffians,  the  Turkifli  army  immediately- 
extended  itfelf,  and  prefented  a  very  uncommon 
fpeclacle.  Accuflomed  as  they  were  to  fight  in 
fmall  fcattered  bands,  the  Turks  now  ranged  tfyem- 
felves  in  European  order  of  battle,  and  formed 
themlelves  in  regular  lines.  Ihe  janiflaries,  with 
the  artillery,  occupying  the  centre,  and  the  fpahis, 
or  cavalry,  taking  pofl  on  the  wings.  They  then 
advanced  in  tolerable  order  againfl  the  farthefl  en- 
trenchment, whofe  ditch  was  not  of  any  confidera- 
ble  depth,  from  the  ftony  nature  of  the  ground  ; 
but  it  was  guarded  by  a  double  range  of  chevaux- 
de-frife,  with  pallifadoes  behind,  on  a  part  of  that 
eminence  which  covered  the  ifland  where  the  two 
ftrong  regiments  were  polled. 

The  Turks  commenced  the  attack  with  a  dif- 
charge  of  ariillery  ;  and  immediately  advanced 
againfl  the  entrenchments  with  fuch  precipitation, 
that  the  general  himfelf  had  no  other  means  of  ef- 
caping,  but  by  leaping  over  the  chevaux  de-frife 
that  defended  the  entrance.  Though  they  were 
received  by  a  verybriik  and  well  fuflained  difcharge 
of  mufquetry,  they  continued  to  advance,  and 
paffed,  in  great  numbers,  over  the  chevaux-de- 
frife  to  the  palifadcs,  where  they  fixed  their  flan- 


CAMPAIGNS. 


dards  ;  but  they  tried  in  vain  to  proceed.  Colo- 
nel Machipelow,  with  the  regiment  of  Starolkolin, 
which  was  polled  in  the  ifland,  fell  upon  their  right 
wing  with  bayonets  fixed.  Prince  Gagarin  parted 
the  bridge,  and  having  turned  the  height,  attacked 
their  wing,  and  the  Baron  Rofen,  with  the  cavalry, 
charged  the  centre ;  they  were,  therefore,  foon 
thrown  into  diforder  ;  and  as  they  had  not  been 
accuftomed  to  fight  in  rank  and  fde,  their  confufion 
was  proportionally  encreafed.  They  abandoned 
their  artillery,  and  were  purfued  throughout  the 
night  to  the  diftance  of  feveraj  miles.  The  janiffa- 
ries,  incommoded  by  their  heavy  garments,  threw 
-them  afide  in  order  to  facilitate  their  flight,  and  the 
fpahis  difperfed  themfelves  over  the  country. 

General  Suworow,  at  length  commanded  the 
purfuit  to  ceafe,  and  gave  his  troops  a  few  hours  of 
reft.  In  the  morning,  they  returned  to  Chirfcowa, 
and  found  their  way  ftrewed  with  the  bodies  of  the 
enemy. 

The  Turks  loft,  in  this  ac"lion,  upwards  of  a 
thoufand  men,  among  whom  were  two  pachas,  and 
a  great  number  of  Moors.  The  Ruffians  took  a 
hundred  prifoners,  with  fome  officers,  and  nine 
ftandards.  The  artillery,  which  fell  into  their  hands, 
confifted  of  eight  cannons,  and  a  mortar.  On 
their  fide  the  number  killed  were  very  inconfidera- 
ble,  but  their  wounded  amounted  to  four  hundred. 

At  the  end  of  October,  Lieutenant-General  Prince 
Dolgorucki  and  the  Baron  Ungarn  were  ordered 
to  march  to  Schumma  ;  but  they  feparated  on  their 
route,  and  the  latter  proceeded  againft  Warna, 


SUWOROw's 


where  he  unfortunately  failed  ;  while  the  violent 
rains  prevented  Prince  Dolgorucki  from  going  to 
Schumma.  Suworow  was  to  have  accompanied 
him  in  this  expedition,  but  he  was  not,  altogether, 
recovered  from  his  fever ;  he,  therefore,  returned 
into  RulTia,  to  attend  to  his  health,  where  he  palled 
the  winter. 

In  1774,  towards  the  end  of  April,  he  returned 
to  the  army  of  the  Danube.  He  was  now  advan- 
ced to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-general,  and  appointed 
to  command  the  fecond  divifion,  which  was  before 
Sloboceia,  over  againft  Siliftria,  as  well  as  the  corps 
de  refervc,  at  Chirfcowa.  This  divifion  confided 
of  fixteen  battalions,  twenty  fquadrons,  and  two 
regiments  of  CoiTacs.  The  corps  de  referve  was 
compofed  of  fifteen  battalions,  thirteen  fquadrons, 
a  regiment  of  CoiTacs,  and  two  thoufand  five  hun- 
dred arnautes,  with  a  large  park  of  artillery. 

Before  Siliftria,  where  Lieutenant- General  Su- 
worow had  fixed  his  quarters,  there  was  a  large 
ifland  of  the  Danube,  which  was  an  objec"l  of  con- 
tinual conteft.  He,  therefore,  made  it  neutral,  to 
to  prevent  all  ufelefs  attacks ;  and  the  patroles,  of 
the  different  armies,  frequently  met  there,  without 
infringing  the  neutrality  of  the  place. 

It  was  intended  that  the  greater  part  of  the  Ruf- 
fian army  mould  pafs  the  Danube  ;  but  the  genera!, 
with  a  detachment  from  the  main  body,  was  en- 
trenched in  a  wood,  about  a  mile  from  Siliftria  -y 
where  his  people  had  frequent  ftdrirufhes  with  the 
enemy. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


IO9 


At  the  end  of  a  week,  he  quitted  h!s  entrench- 
ments, and  made  a  march  of  five  miles ;  in  the  courfe 
of  which,  he  met  in  a  wood,  Lieutenant-General 
Kamenfki,  with  his  corps,  from  Ifmail,  who  had 
marched  during  the  whole  night,  and  had  not  found 
time  to  either  encamp  or  eat  ;  when,  about  noon,  a 
party  of  light  horfe,  who  had  been  fent  upon  dif- 
coveries,  returned  with  the  quarter-mafter-generai 
of  the  Turks,  whom  they  had  made  prifoner,  with 
his  efcort.  From  him  it  was  learned,  that  the 
Turkifli  army,  of  fifty  thoufand  men,  was  in  full 
march. 

General  Kamenfki  commanded  the  fignal  for  re- 
mounting,  and  ordered  his  cavalry  to  attack  thofe 
of  the  enemy,  which  had  advanced  into  the  wood  ; 
but  they  were  repulfed.  Suworow's  infantry  march- 
ed on,  with  the  cavalry  behind  ;  and  three  fqua- 
drons  of  huffars,  with  the  Coffacs  before.  He  im- 
mediately fell  upon  the  Turkiih  cavalry,  who  were 
purfuing  the  Ruffian  horfe  ;  but  had  not  fufhcient 
force  to  continue  the  attack,  and  was  obliged  to 
retreat.  Many  pieces  were  discharged  at  him,  and 
he  was  fo  clofely  purfued  by  a  Spahi,  that  he  was 
indebted  for  his  prefervation  to  the  fwiftnefs  of  his 
horfe.  He  foon  after  fell  in  with  two  battalions  of 
grenadiers,  and  a  battalion  of  chafleurs,  who  had 
been  attacked  with  fuch  precipitation,  that  they  had 
not  time  to  form  in  a  regular  manner.  They  were 
eight  thoufand  Albanian  infantry,  who  had  made 
the  attack,  in  their  ufual  manner,  with  fir  outs  and 
outcry  ;  and  had  already  killed  feveral  chafleurs, 
who  had  advanced  fo  far  as  to  have  their  retreat 
cut  off.  The  three  battalions  themfelves  were  in  a 
very  perilous  fituation.    They  continued  firing  for 


no 


su  wo  row's 


a  whole  hour,  and  feverely  galled  the  Albanians, 
bur  not  with  fufHcient  effect  to  make  them  give 
way  :  at  length,  the  Brigadier  Machipelow  arrived* 
with  two  battalions  of  Senfki,  two  battalions  of 
Sufdal,  and  two  companies  of  grenadiers.  The 
firing  now  difcontinued  ;  and,  when  the  fmoke 
was  difperfed,  it  appeared  that  the  advanced  guard 
of  the  l  urks  had  made  a  retreat. 

Suworow  having  traverfed  the  woods  with  Ma- 
chipelow, and,  obferving  that  the  Turks  fled  on  all 
fides,  he  refolved  to  pufli  his  advantage.  The  way 
through  the  wood  was  very  narrow,  fo  that  the 
troops  were  obliged  to  march  in  files  ;  at  the  fame 
time,  the  heat  was  fo  oppreffive,  that  many  of  the 
foldiers  full  down,  and  expired  on  the  fpot.  The 
road  was  alfo  covered  with  the  carcafes  of  Turks, 
and  draft  bullocks  which  they  had  killed.  Thefe 
animals  had  dragged  Jbme  hundreds  of  armed  wag- 
gons, which  had  been  brought  with  a  defign  to 
enclofe  the  Ruffians  in  their  entrenchments. 

General  Louis,  at  the  head  of  three  thoufand 
cavalry  of  the  Ifmail  corps,  covered  the  march  of 
the  infantry,  and  frequently  haraffed  the  Albanians 
in  their  flight,  though  he  was  continually  repulfed 
by  numerous  bodies  of  Turk i(h  horfe  :  he  was 
fometimes,  indeed,  obliged  to  retreat  to  the  infan- 
try, to  be  protected,  in  his  turn  ,by  their  artillery. 
On  quitting  the  wood,  they  were  overtaken  by  a 
very  heavy  fhower  of  rain,  which,  though  attended 
with  fome  inconvenience,  ferved  to  refrefh  the 
troops,  and  to  Hacken  the  retreat  of  the  Turks  \ 
the  weight  of  whofe  long  robes  increafed,  in  pro- 
portion to  the  water  they  had  imbibed  :  and,  ?.? 


CAMPAIGNS. 


I  I  i 


they  ufed  fmall  pockets,  inftead  of  cartridge  boxes, 
their  powder  was  moiftened,  and  rendered  unfit 
for  ufe. 

The  Ruffians  had  no  fooner  gained  the  open 
country,  than  they  were  cannonaded  by  three  bat- 
teries, which  the  Turks  had  raifed  on  a  height  ; 
and  from  whofe  fire  the  former  fuftained  considera- 
ble lofs.  But  when  Lieutenant -General  Suworow 
ordered  his  troops  to  attack  the  batteries,  they  were 
infpired  by  his  command,  and  foon  became  matters 
of  them. 

The  body  of  troops,  which  was  collected  to  make 
head  againft  the  grand  army  of  the  Turks,  amount- 
ed to  twelve  thoufand  men.  Being  ranged,  in 
order  of  march,  they  advanced  againft  the  enemy, 
on  a  plain  which  rofe  with  a  gentle  acclivity.  The 
janiifaries  and  Spahis  inftantly  attacked  the  right 
wing  of  the  Ruffians,  who  repulfed  them  with  great 
lofs.  But,  though  the  janiffaries  renewed  the  at- 
tack, with  a  fury  approaching  to  madnefs,  with  a 
fabre  in  one  hand,  and  a  poniard  in  the  other,  all 
their  efforts  were  vain  :  at  length,  after  a  bloody 
conteft,  they  fled  in  different  parties,  and  were 
purfued,  with  added  deftrudion,  by  the  Ruffian 
cavalry. 

Some  detachments  of  infantry,  in  making  a 
movement  to  the  right,  discovered*  behind  the 
high  ground,  the  Turkifh  camp,  which  was  placed 
in  a  bottom,  near  the  fmall  town  of  Kofludgi,  and 
at  the  diflance  of  a  little  mile  from  the  wood.  This 
circumftance  was  no  fooner  known,  than  General 
Suworow  refolved  to  attack  it  ;  but,  from  the  nc- 


112 


su  wo  row's 


cetTary  rapidity  of  the  manoeuvre,  the  greater  part 
of  the  artillery  was  left  behind,  and  the  troops  haf- 
tened  to  the  fervice  with  no  more  than  eight  field- 
pieces.  But,  after  a  few  minutes  firing  from  the 
height,  the  Turks  took  to  mght,  and  their  camp 
was  fpeedily  evacuated. 

It  was  one  of  the  mod  beautiful  camps  the  Turks 
had  formed.  The  tents  were  new,  and  all  deco- 
rated, after  their  fafhion,  with  the  pictured  diftinc- 
tions  of  their  different  companies,  which  they  de- 
moninate  odas  ;  with  lions,  flags,  horfes,  and  ele- 
phants. Contrary  to  their  ufual  cuflom,  they  had 
left  the  whole  (landing,  without  the  lead  injury, 
and  with  all  its  valuable  appendages  ;  fo  that  the 
Ruffians  poffeffed  themfelves  of  an  immenfe  booty^ 

On  the  other  fide  of  the  camp,  there  was  fome 
high  ground,  which  General  Suworow  was  deter- 
mined to  occupy,  as  it  commanded  the  furround- 
ing  country.  He  proceeded,  therefore,  with  three 
fquadrons  of  huflars,  and  ordered  the  reft  of  his 
troops  to  follow.  The  huflars  had  no  fooner  gain- 
ed the  height,  than  they  were,  very  unexpectedly, 
cannonaded,  by  fome  very  heavy  artillery,  from  a 
wood  which  was  before  them.  The  general,  there- 
fore, ordered  Major  Perfinriew,  to  take  three  com- 
panies of  infantry,  and  poiTefs  himfelf  of  that  peti- 
tion. He  accordingly  difcomhtted  the  Turks,  took 
their  cannon,  and  the  troops  maintained  their 
poft. 

In  this  battle,  which  was  fought  on  the  nth  of 
June,  the  Turks  loft  three  thoufand  men,  fome 
hundred  prisoners,  forty  pieces  of  artillery,  and 


CAMPAIGNS* 


eighty  ftandards,  with  their  fuperb  camp.  They 
were  commanded  by  the  Aga  of  the  Janiflaries,  the 
Reis  effendi,  and  feveral  bachas. 

Soon  after  this  vi&ory,  Lieutenant-General  Su- 
worow  was  attacked  by  a  very  alarming  return  of 
his  fever;  and  he  became  fo  weak,  that  he  was  not 
only  unable  to  mount  his  horfe,  but  it  was  with 
great  difficulty  that  he  could  ftand  without  affill- 
ance.  He  therefore,  quitted  his  divifion,  and  went 
to  Buchareft,  to  re-eflablifh  his  health.  He  had 
defigned^  on  his  recovery,  to  repair  to  General 
Count  Toltikow,  who  commanded  before  Ruf- 
chuck  :  but,  in  the  mean  time,  peace  was  concluded. 

After  he  had  been  to  take  leave  of  Field- Mar  fhal 
Romanzow,  at  Fokfchani,  he  returned  to  Ruflia; 
but,  on  his  arrival  at  JalTy,  he  received  an  order 
from  Peterfburgh,  to  proceed,  with  all  poflible 
hafte,  to  Mofcow,  to  aflift  Prince  Wolgonfk,  com- 
mander-in-chief at  Mofcovy;  where  he  was  com- 
miffioned  to  appeafe  the  interior  troubles  of  that 
pait  of  the  empire. 


VOL.  I* 


P 


Ii4 


su  wo  row's 


CHAP.  IV. 

THE    PURSUIT    OF   PUGATSCHEW,    WHO    IS  MADE 
PRISONER. 

LlEUTENANT-General  Suworow  ar- 
rived  at  Mofcow  in  the  month  of  Auguft,  1774; 
but  in  the  fir  ft  converfation  he  had  with  Prince 
Wolgonfki,  he  perceived  that  his  prefence  was  not 
necefiary  in  that  city  ;  and  accordingly  fet  off  on 
a  tour  through  the  interior  parts  of  the  empire. 

In  the  courfe  of  it  he  paid  a  vifit  to  the  General- 
in-Chief  Count  Panin,  who  was  employed  to  com- 
pofe  the  difturbances  that  prevailed  in  that  part  of 
the  kingdom.  At  this  time,  Panin  had  received 
inftructions  from  Peterfburgh  refpe&ing  Suworow  ; 
in  confequence  of  which  the  latter  was  inverted 
with  full  power,  to  act  on  all  occafions  as  mould 
feem  beft  for  the  advantage  of  his  fovereign  ;  and 
fpecial  directions  were  difpatched  to  all  commanders 
of  troops,  as  well  as  governors  of  the  adjoining 
provinces,  to  fubmit  themfelves,  without  referve, 
to  the  orders  of  Lieutenant-General  Suworow. 

Her  Imperial  majefty  alfo  condefcended  to  hon- 
our him  with  a  letter,  written  by  herfelf,  to  teftify 
the  fatisfaction  which  fhe  derived  from  his  zeal  and 
activity  in  her  fervice. 

On  the  very  day,  when  he  received  thefe  ap- 
pointments, he  quitted  Count  Panin,  under  an  ef- 
cort  of  fifty  men  \  and  took  his  route  by  Arfamas? 


CAMPAIGNS.  115 

Penza,  and  Saratow,  where  he  obtained  more  po- 
fitive  information  as  to  the  fervice  on  which  he  was 
to  be  employed. 

A  (hort  time  before,  the  rebel,  or  as  Suworow 
ufed  himfelf  to  call  him,  the  robber  Pugatfchew, 
after  having  forcibly  carried  ofFfome  hundred  men, 
and  all  the  draft  horfes,  had  quitted  this  part  of 
the  country  to  proceed  to  Zarizyn.  The  general 
was  therefore  under  the  neceflity  of  embarking  his 
efcort  on  the  Wolga  for  that  place,  while  he  march- 
ed along  the  bank  with  the  fmall  number  of  horfes 
which  he  had  been  able  to  procure. 

In  his  route  from  Penza,  he  fell  in  with  feveral 
fmall  corps  which  had  been  raifed  by  private  gen- 
tlemen. He  alfo  occafionaily  encountered  bodies 
of  troops  who  efpoufed  the  caufe  of  Pugatfchew  ; 
but  they  never  attempted  to  attack  him  \  and,  as 
he  had  fo  few  people  with  him,  he  did  not  venture 
to  attack  them.  The  rebel  had  often  been  beat  and 
put  to  flight,  but  he  as  often  reappeared  with  re- 
cruited power.  His  force  at  Saratow  confided  of 
about  eight  theufand  men,  confiding  in  a  great 
meafure  of  ill-armed  peafants.  Among  thefe  there 
were  but  a  thoufand  regular  infantry,  with  about 
twelve  pieces  of  artillery,  four  regiments  of  CofTacs 
of  the  Don,  and  three  hundred  Coflacs  of  Urallk, 
who  alone  remained  faithful  to  him,  out  of  a  large 
body  of  them,  which  had  been,  in  the  beginning, 
attached  to  his  caufe. 

At  Tarizyn,  the  general  met  Colonel  Michelfon, 
who  had  very  lately  gained  frefh  and  very  confider- 
able  advantages,  in  an  engagement  with  Pugatf- 


n6  suworow's 

chew ;  in  which  the  regular  infantry,  who  had 
never  been  fincere  in  the  caufe  of  that  infurgent, 
and  the  greateft  part  of  the  peafants,  had  furren- 
dered  :  lb  that  his  force  confifted  then  only  of  the 
CofTacs  of  Urallk,  with  fome  bands  of  peafants  ; 
with  which  he  took  refuge  in  the  extenfive  heaths 
of  that  country. 

Thither  Suworow  was  refolved  to  follow  him, 
nor  to  quit  the  purfuit  till  he  had  fecured  him. 
As  Colonel  Michelfon  had,  in  the  laft  engagement, 
taken  a  great  number  of  horfes,  they  ferved  to 
mount  three  hundred  infantry  ;  with  which,  two 
fquadrons  of  regular  troops,  two  hundred  CofTacs, 
And  two  field  pieces,  Suworow  pafTed  the  Wolga 
at  Jarizyn,  and  afcended  the  river  to  the  large 
village  of  Michelowka,  which  is  fituated  over 
sgainft  the  town  of  Denitrowfka.  As  the  inhabi- 
tants of  this  village  had  fwerved  from  their  fidelity, 
the  general  feized  fifty  pair  of  bullocks,  on  a  pre- 
tence that  he  wanted  them  for  the  tranfport  of  his 
baggage  ;  but  his  real  object  was  to  provide  for 
his  lubfiftence  during  his  march  through  a  long 
trad  of  heathy  unproductive  country,  where  it 
would  not  be  pofiible  to  procure  fufEcient  provifions 
to  maintain  his  detachment  for  five  days. 

On  the  following  day,  they  began  their  march 
through  thefe  immenfe  deferts,  where  there  were 
neither  habitations,  nor  roads,  nor  any  trace  of 
civilized  life.  In  the  day,  they  were  obliged  lo 
direct  their  courfe  by  the  fun,  and  at  night  the  Mars 
were  their  guides.  Befides,  the  heat  reflected  by 
the  fands  was  infufferably  opprefTive,  nor  could 
they  find  a  tree  or  thicket  to  afford  them  its  hofpi* 


CAMPAIGNS.  II  J 

■  '  §  ■  Mr* 

table  fhade  :  they  were  therefore  obliged  to  purfue 
their  journey  during  the  night.  To  their  other 
inconveniences,  they  were  compelled  to  iefien  the 
allowance  of  provifions,  as  they  did  not  know  how 
long  it  might  be  before  they  mould  receive  a  frem 
fupply. 

They  directed  their  courfe  to  the  little  river  Ger- 
flau,  on  whofe  banks  a  few  trees  are  fcattered,  and 
from  thence  to  the  five  lakes  of  Saitch.  There  the 
general  fell  in  with  Major  Count  Mellin,  with  a 
tew  hundred  men,  and  Colonel  Illoweilki,  with  a 
regiment  of  CofTacs,  and  Martimianow,  a  chief  of 
the  CoiTacs  of  Uralfk,  who  had  not  taken  part  with 
the  infurgents,  with  a  hundred  of  his  people.  The 
troops  had  left  Jarizyn  before  Suworow's  arrival  at 
that  place.  On  their  route  through  the  defert, 
they  had  met  feveral  bands  of  peafants,  attached  to 
the  party  of  Pugatfchew ;  and,  having  convinced 
them  of  their  error,  had  fent  them  back  to  their 
country  without  effufion  of  blood. 

They  arrived  at  the  confluence  of  two  rivers, 
Ufa,  which  flow  into  a  large  lake.  This  fpot, 
which  is  in  the  midft  of  the  heaths  of  Uralfk,  was 
covered  with  wood,  and  thither,  according  to  the 
report  of  fome  peafants  who  had  quitted  him,  Pu- 
gatfchew was  endeavouring  to  retire.  The  Ruffian 
troops  amounted  to  about  a  thoufand  men,  well 
provided  wich  field-pieces  ;  while  Pugatfchew's 
force  was  now  reduced  to  three  hundred.  The 
general  accordingly  diftributed  his  people  into  va- 
'rious  parties,  in  order  to  feek  him  out,  and  to  cut 
him  off  from  all  pofiibility  of  efcape.  They  were 
already  upon  his  track,  in  the  thickeft  part  of  the 


1 1 3  suworow's 

wood,  when  the  hermits,  many  of  whom  are  fcat- 
tered  about  this  country,  and  fupport  themfelves 
by  fifhing,  gave  information  that  Pugatfchew  had 
arrived  there  thai  morning,  and  that  fome  of  his 
own  people  had  bound  him  hand  and  foot,  and 
taken  him  to  Urallk. 

Pugatfchew  had  flattered  himfelf,  that  he  mould 
have  been  able  to  perfuade  fuch  of  the  Coflacs  as 
appeared  to  be  attached  to  his  caufe,  to  accompany 
him  to  the  lake  of  Aral,  beyond  the  Cafpian  fea, 
and  unite  themfelves  to  the  Karakalpaks,  a  wan- 
dering horde  of  Kirgis-Kay  ;  but  when  they  heard 
of  the  troops  that  were  in  purfuit  of  him,  they 
were  alarmed  at  the  danger  that  threatened  them- 
lelves,  and  took  the  refolution  to  deliver  him  up  at 
Urallk. 

General  Suworow  now  ordered  all  the  parties  to 
be  called  in,  and  fet  off  for  Uralfk.  During  the 
night  they  loPc  their  way,  and  fell  in  with  the 
Kirkis,  a  nation  known  for  their  invincible  cou- 
rage ;  many  bands  of  which  were  fcattered  about 
thofe  deferts.  They  are  ftrangers  to  fear,  and 
though  they  were  far  inferior  in  numbers  to  the 
Ruffians,  they  did  not  hefitate  to  attack  them. 
Twenty  of  thefe  people  were  flain  ;  at  the  fame 
time,  many  of  the  Ruffians  were  wounded  with 
their  arrows,  and  the  Count  Maurimouitfch,  aid- 
de-camp,  and  a  few  others,  loft  their  lives. 

The  general  haftened  onwards,  accompanied  by  . 
fuch  as  had  activity  fufficient  to  keep  pace  with 
him  ;  and,  in  a  few  days,  they  arrived  at  Urallk. 
Colonel  Simonow,  who  was  the  commandant  of  the 


CAMPAIGNS. 


XI9 


town,  had  already  taken  Pugatfchew  into  his  cuflo- 
dy,  and  now  deliverered  him  up  to  Suworow. 

This  infurgent  had,  at  one  time,  collected  fuch 
a  force,  and  was  followed  with  fuch  enthufialm, 
that,  if  his  underflanding  had  been  equal  to  his 
courage,  and  his  moderation  had  kept  pace  with 
his  power,  he  might  certainly  have  poflefled  him- 
felf  of  Mofcow,  and  made  the  Imperial  Catherine 
tremble  on  her  throne.  Many  ftories  are  related 
of  him  which  we  are  not  required  to  repeat.  We 
fhall  only  add,  that  he  was  a  Cofiac,  and  born  in  a 
village  on  the  river  Don  ;  and,  as  it  is  related,  hav- 
ing in  his  early  youth  aflifted  a  young  woman  in 
conducting  her  horfes  to  drink  in  the  river,  fhe 
accompanied  her  acknowledgments  with  a  declara- 
tion, that  he  would  one  day  be  emperor.  This 
prophetic  compliment  is  faid  to  have  worked  up  his 
enthufiaftic  mind,  and,  by  inflaming  his  ambition, 
to  have  produced  the  extraordinary  circumilances 
of  his  life. 

General  Suworow,  having  got  porTelTion  of  Pu- 
gatfehew,  he  accompanied  in  perfon  the  troops  that 
efcorted  him,  on  his  removal  from  Uraifk.  During 
a  certain  part  of  the  way,  he  was  enclofed  in  a  large 
cage,  placed  on  a  carriage  ;  but  was  afterwards  re- 
moved to  a  waggon,  along  with  his  fon  ;  a  boy  of 
twelve  years  of  age,  who  inherited,  and  at  that  early 
period,  difplayed  the  turbulent  qualities  of  his  father. 
At  length  they  arrived  at  Sinübirfk,  a  town  on  the 
Wolga,  when  Suworow  delivered  up  his  prifoner 
to  Count  Panin,  who  ordered  him  to  be  conveyed 
to  Mofcow  ;  where  he  fuffered  the  punißimentdue 
to  his  crimes. 


SU  WO  row's 


During  the  abfence  of  Count  Panin  at  Mofcow, 
the  general  remained  at  Sinfbirfk,  and  took  the 
command  of  the  army.  It  amounted  to  eightv 
thouiand  men,  who  were  in  winter  quarters,  in  dif- 
ferent cantons  upon  the  Wolga  ;  in  the  province 
of  Orenbourg,  and  in  the  governments  of  Cafna 
and  Penza. 

In  the  fpringof  the  year  1775,  the  general  join- 
ed his  corps  on  the  frontiers.  He  afterwards  went 
by  way  of  Samara  to  Orenbourg,  where  General 
Monfjrow  commanded,  and  of  which  General 
Reinfdorf  was  governor,  with  whom  he  had  a  par- 
ticular conference.  As  he  was  on  his  return  by 
Ufa,  he  received  the  very  unexpected  information, 
that  a  fucceflbr  of  the  rebel  Pugatfchew,  named 
Sametriow,  had  appeared  on  the  borders  of  the 
Cafpian  fea.  This  man  had  frequently  pillaged  the 
Turks,  and  once  feized  feveral  trading  veflels,  with 
fome  pieces  of  artillery.  He  made  incurfions'by 
fea  and  by  land,  and  had  approached  to  Aftracan, 
on  the  fide  of  the  lake  Aral. 

Meafures  were  accordingly  taken  to  put  a  flop  to 
his  career  ;  and  the  general  difpatched  two  battali- 
ons, with  fome  artillery,  and  dragoons,  down  the 
Wolga  for  that  purpofe.  At  the  fame  time,  he 
communicated  the  intelligence  to  the  governor  of 
Aftracan. 

Sametriow  had  been  a  private  foot  foldier,  was 
afterwards  advanced,  and  had  deferted.  He  pof- 
fefTed  both  talents  and  courage,  but  the  means  of 
employing  them  to  any  great  extent  had  not  been 
afforded  him.    He  had  never  collected  more  than 


CAMPAIGNS. 


121 


three  hundred  followers,  and  when  they  found  that 
he  was  in  danger  of  being  feized  by  the  troops 
that  purfued  him,  they  abandoned  him  to  his  fate. 

The  peace  was  celebrated  during  the  fummer  of 
this  year,  at  Mofcöw ;  and  Lieutenant-General  Su- 
worow  received,  on  that  occafion,  a  fword,  enriched 
with  diamonds.  During  the  following  winter,  he 
went  to  Mofcow,  and  arrived  there  at  the  time 
when  the  emprefs  was  preparing  to  leave  it.  He 
was  now  advanced  to  the  command  of  the  Peters- 
burg divifion,  but  he  remained  fome  time  at 
Mofcow,  for  the  fuperintendance  of  his  private  af- 
fairs. 


vol.  h 


Q 


122 


su  wo  row's 


CHAP.  V. 

SUWOROW'S  OPERATIONS  IN  CUBA,     A  NEW  KHAN 
ESTABLISHED  THERE. 

In  November,  1776,  Suworow  received 
a  commiflion  for  the  Crimea,  where  Lieutenant-Ge- 
neral Prince  Proforowfki  then  was.  He  arrived 
there  in  December,  took  the  command  of  a  corps, 
which  was  ftationed  in  winter  quarters,  in  the  envi- 
rons of  Perekop. 

The  emprefs  had  fixed  on  Schaim  Ghiray,  as 
Khan  of  the  Crimea,  in  the  place  of  Deulet  Ghiray. 
The  former  was  then  in  the  wilds  of  Cuban,  among 
the  Tartars  of  Nogay.  In  February,  1 777,  he 
came  from  Tamann,  by  the  ftrait  of  CarTa,  towards 
Jenicole,  in  the  Crimea.  Suworow  received  him 
under  the  walls  of  Perekop.  In  March,  he  advan- 
ced againft  the  troops  of  Deulet  Ghiray,  and  with- 
out ftriking  a  blow,  intirely  difperfed  them,  by  his 
rapid  marches  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Karafbafar 
and  Achmetfchet,  where  he  potted  himfelf  with 
his  corps.  Deulet  Ghiray  fled  acrofs  the  Black 
Sea  to  Conftantinople,  and  Schaim  Ghiray  was 
proclaimed  Khan. 

In  till*  courfe  of  the  fummer,  Suworow  was 
again  attacked  with  a  fever,  and  removed  to  a  dif- 
tance  from  the  Crimea,  on  account  of  the  climate  : 
he  went  to  Pultava,  and  fell  dangeroufly  ill  of  an 
inflammatory  fever,  from  which  he  did  not  recover 
till  the%nd  of  the  autumn. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


123 


In  December,  he  took  the  command  of  the  corps 
of  Cuban,  where  he  arrived  by  Roftow,  Azof, 
and  Juy.  This  corps  confifted  of  five  regiments  of 
infantry,  with  their  field -pieces,  and  twelve  pieces 
of  heavy  artillery,  ten  fquadrons  of  dragoons, 
twenty  fquadrons  of  hulTars,  and  five  regiments  of 
ColTacs.  They  were  diftributed  partly  under  an 
old  fort,  called  Koppyl,  partly  in  an  entrenchment, 
near  Tarmar  on  the  Black  Sea,  and  the  reft  in  the 
wilds  of  Tamann,  as  far  as  Azof,  in  intrenchments 
and  redoubts  of  commnnication  ;  in  each  of  which 
a  company  was  ported,  with  two  pieces  of  cannon, 
to  defend  themfelves  againft  the  banditti  of  Cir- 
calTia. 

Thefe  nations,  who  inhabit  the  left  bank  of  the 
Cuban,  and  are  generally  known  under  the  name 
of  Circaflians,  are  divided  into  various  tribes. 
They  are  called  great  and  little  Abafcians,  Circaf- 
fians,  (whofe  country  is  celebrated  for  the  beauty 
of  the  women,)  Schaptfchiks,  Attukays,  Temir- 
gois,  CalTaiens,  and  Barays.  The  little  Abafcians 
are  altogether  pagans,  and  the  reft,  though  Maho- 
metans by  profeffion,  retain  many  pagan  ceremonies, 
in  fome  degree  blended  with  thofe  of  chriftianity. 
Behind  the  Attukays  are  Tartar  Naurufis,  among 
whom  are  many  poor  fultans  of  the  race  of  Gerigis, 
and  a  great  number  of  that  of  Chaban-Suhan. 
They  are  defcended  from  a  fhepherd  and  a  fultana 
who  was  poifoned,  but  never thelefs  have  not  loft 
their  title.    All  thefe  tribes  live  in  perfeci«*narchy. 

Their  wants,  however,  unite  them  in  bands  of 
from  ten  to  one  hundred,  and  fometimes  five  hun- 
dred  men.    They  are  ftrong  and  courageous,  and 


124 


SUWOROW'S 


are  provided  with  fire-arms,  fabres,  and  bows  and 
arrows.  They  often  come  and  pillage  even  the 
habitations  of  the  CofTacs  of  the  Don  ;  and,  when 
a  few  of  their  number  are  killed,  return  home, 
keeping  always  on  the  defenfive.  They  are  good 
markfmen,  and  fo  fwift,  that  it  is  very  difficult 
to  take  any  of  them.  Their  chief  objeä:  in  their 
incurfions  is  to  make  prifoners,  whom  they  fell 
for  flaves  to  the  l  urks,  or  employ  them  in  agri- 
culture. Batyr  Ghiray,  elder  brother  of  the  reign- 
ing Khan,  had  above  an  hundred  of  thefe  flaves, 
whom  he  maintained  with  great  care,  in  a  village 
beyond  the  Cuban, 

They  infefted  the  public  roads,  and  fometimes 
even  furprized  the  foldiers.  Parties,  indeed,  had 
been  fent  out  to  make  reprifals  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Cuban,  but  it  was  difficult  to  diflinguifh  the 
innocent  from  the  guilty.  Hence  Suworow  thought 
it  expedient  to  cover  all  the  right  bank  of  that 
liver  with  works.  From  its  mouth  to  the  lines  of 
Caucafus,  which  had  before  been  fortified,  weie 
fmali  fortrefles  at  intervals  of  ten  miles,  with  inter- 
mediate forts  of  lefler  dimenfions.  Thefe  works 
were  merely  repaired,  and  this  undertaking  Suwo- 
row and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Fock  completed,  with- 
out any  engineer  whatever.  They  each  employed 
fifteen  hundred  men,  and,  as  the  whole  winter 
palfed  without  fnow  or  cold  weather  in  Cuban,  the 
work  was  finifhed  in  fix  weeks.  They  were  indeed 
frequently  interrupted  by  fudden  attacks  of  the 
Circaffians,  though  often  with  infignificant  forces  ; 
but  on  fome  occafions  the  enemy  fell  on  them  in 
numbers,  and  as  many  as  fifty  men  remained  upon 
the  field.    When  the  works  were  completed,  the 


CAMPAIGNS. 


I25 


incurfions  of  the  Turks  became  more  rare,  though 
they  ftill  continued  to  moleft  them,  and  the  Coflacs 
fuffered  the  leaft  in  thefe  attacks. 

In  May,  1778,  Proforowfki  left  the  Crimea  for 
Peterfburg,  and  Suworow  took  the  command  of 
the  corps  in  that  Peninfula,  and  of  the  troops  dif- 
tributed  over  the  country,  as  far  as  the  Dniper  ; 
forming  together  a  body  of  fixty  thoufand  men, 
under  the  command  of  Field-Marmal  Romanzow. 
At  that  time,  Lieutenant- General  Tekelli  com- 
manded in  the  Ukrine,  and  Lieutenant-General 
Recheffki  in  Poland. 

The  Porte  viewing  the  elevation  of  Schaim  Ghi- 
ray,  by  no  means,  with  an  indifferent  eye,  made 
preparations  for  war,  and  fent  confiderable  num- 
bers of  troops  into  Moldavia,  who  were  alfembled 
near  Schotin.  They  alfo  ordered  out  a  fleet  of 
one  hundred  and  fixty  fail,  fifteen  of  which  were 
of  the  line,  under  the  orders  of  the  celebrated 
Halfan,  Captain-Pacha,  and  of  Alibey  of  Natoiia. 
Suworow  now  fortified  feveral  peninfula's  of  the 
Crimea,  and  even  caufed  entrenchments  to  be  made 
in  the  mountains. 

Although  the  principal  troubles  in  the  Crimea 
were  appeafed,  the  Turks  had  ftiil  eight  or  ten  final! 
ihips  before  Achtiar,  now  called  Sebaftiopolis. 
They  had  arrived  there  during  the  winter,  with  the 
defign  to  excite  an  infurreclion  among  the  Tartars. 
To  get  rid  of  them  at  once,  Suworow  wenc  on 
horfeback  to  reconnoitre  ?\ong  the  more  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Backtfchifarey,  accompanied  by 
ihe  Khan.     Having  obferved  the  mofl  effehtiai 


126 


SUWOROw's 


points,  he  extended  his  troops  during  the  night 
along  the  two  fides  of  the  bafon,  and  fortified  the 
mouth  of  the  port.  Day  put  a  ftop  to  their  la- 
bours, which  were  refumed  in  the  following  night. 
The  pretext  for  thefe  operations  was,  that  the 
Turks,  having  difembarked  to  bring  their  cattle  on 
iliore,  had  killed  a  ColTac,  who  approached  them  ; 
and  that  a  packet  had  been  detained  at  Conftanti- 
nople.  The  Turks  perceiving  there  was  a  deügn 
to  blockade  them,  quitted  the  port  during  the  night, 
and  went  out  to  fea.  Thefe  transactions  took  place 
in  July. 

The  grand  fleet  of  the  Turks,  which  was  ftill  at 
fea,  fent  two  deputies  afhore,  who,  immediately  on 
landing,  made  a  formal  proteft,  in  the  name  of 
their  commander,  againfl:  the  entrance  of  the  Ruffi- 
ans into  the  Crimea,  and  more  efpecially  againfl: 
the  prefence  of  the  Ruffian  fleet  in  the  Black  Sea  ; 
and  expreffed  themfelves  with  great  feverity,  calling 
the  Ruffian  fleet  corfairs,  as  that  fea  belonged  ex- 
clufively  to  the  Grand  Seignior. 

Suworow  received  thefe  deputies  with  the  great- 
eft  politenefs,  and  at  their  departure  delivered,  to 
them  and  to  the  Khan  an  anfwer  in  writing,  of 
which  the  fubftance  was,  that  the  Tartar  govern- 
ment had  demanded  of  the  emprefs,  the  aid  of 
Ruffian  troops,  and  that  confequemiy  that  govern- 
ment had  no  occafion  for  the  affiftance  of  the  Turks; 
that  the  Ruffian  fleet  cruifed  in  thofe  leas  for  their 
fafety,  and  that  as  to  the  name  of  corfair,  ufed  by 
the  Turkifh  admiral,  he  was  refponfible  for  that 
infult  to  his  mafter,  the  Grand  Seignior,  who  was 
the  friend  of  Rullia. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


127 


During  their  flay  on  fliore,  the%eputies  perceiv- 
ed, with  much  furprife  and  uneafinefs,  the  fortifi- 
cations creeled  in  various  places  ;  and,  fhortly  after 
their  departure,  in  Auguft,  the  whole  of  the  Turkifh 
fleet  appeared  off  the  coaft  of  the  Crimea.  It  ex- 
tended from  Kertfchi  to  Kailow,  and  the  little 
Ruffian  fleet  remained  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Jenikala.  The  Turkifn  fleet  were  in  want  of  frefh 
water,  and  were  defirous  of  procuring  fome  011 
ihore ;  but  were  prevented  by  Ruffian  picquets, 
who  wrere  polled  at  every  point,  and  ready  co  fire 
upon  them.  This  refufal  was  given  under  a  pre- 
tence, that  the  drynefs  of  the  feafon  occafioned  a 
want  of  water  among  the  inhabitants ;  fo  that  the 
admiral  was  hot  allowed  to  procure  frefh  water  for 
himfelf.  Suworow  had  given  ftricl:  orders  on  this 
fubject,  becaufe  he  thought  it  might,  perhaps,  be 
an  artifice  of  the  Turks  to  fend  men  on  more. 

A  fortnight  after,  the  whole  Turkiin  fleet  once 
more  gained  the  offing,  and  retired  to  Conflanti- 
nople. 

Suworow  had  been  ordered  by  his  court  to  trans- 
plant fome  Greek  and  Armenian  chriftians  from  the 
Crimea  into  Ruffia.  Among  thefe  were  many 
perfons  of  property,  who  paid  a  confiderable  re- 
venue to  the  Khan.  This  delicate  commiffion, 
therefore,  required  confiderable  circumfpection, 
and  as  two  minifters  of  the  Khan  ftrongly  oppofed 
the  meafure,  Suworow  placed  a  guard  before  their 
houfes,  with  cannon,  until  they  mould  defift. 
The  metropolitan  of  the  Greeks,  the  chief  of  the 
Armenians,  and  the  curate  of  the  Catholics,  per- 
fectly coincided  in  the  views  of  Suworow,  and  in 


128 


su  wo  row's 


the  fpace  of  a  »onth  the  Chriftians  abandoned 
their  dwellings,  and  emigrated  with  their  property 
and  cattle  to  Ruflia,  where  they  eftabliflied  them- 
felves  in  the  government  of  Catherinoflow.  This 
colony  confided  of  about  twenty  thoufand  men. 
Suworow  procured  for  them  as  many  poft  horfes  as 
poflible,  and  other  conveniencies  for  travelKng,  di- 
ilributing  to  the  poor  a  ducat  each,  previous  to 
their  departure. 

In  October  Suworow  placed  his  troops  in  winter 
quarters,  and  having  confided  the  command  of  the 
corps  of  Cuban,  to  Major- General  Kayfer,  remain- 
ed himfelf  at  Koflow. 

In  the  courfe  of  the  fummer,  the  Attukays  at- 
tacked them  with  a  few  hundred  men,  with  an 
intention  of  furprizing  and  carrying  off  the  horfes 
of  a  fquadron  of  huifars,  which  were  at  pafture. 
The  captain  of  the  fquadron  oppofed  them  with 
his  men  on  foot,  who  defended  themfelves  with 
their  carbines  :  but  the  Attukays  ufed  their  rifle- 
barrelled  guns  fo  fkilfully,  that  the  whole  fquadron 
were  cut  to  pieces.  The  infantry,  who  were  in- 
trenched, took  no  part  in  this  affair,  becaufe  their 
commanders  were  at  variance  ; — the  ufual  fate  of 
fmali  detachments,  when  employed  without  fuffi- 
cient  precautions.  In  other  refpe&s  every  thing 
fucceeded  perfectly  well  in  that  quarter,  and  the 
Circaflians  were  repulfed  with  lofs  in  almoft  every 
engagement.  Colonels  Hamborn  and  Stoeritfch 
attacked  the  great  Abafcians,  and  the  territcry  of 
the  Attukays  with  fuccefs.  Although  both  fide? 
fuftained  fome  lofs,  that  of  the  enemy  was  much 
the  greateft,  and  the  Ruffians  fucceeded  in  their 
object  of  making  their  frontiers  refpe&ed. 


CAMPAIGNS.  \iq 

\  In  the  fpring  of  1779,  Suworow  took  the  field 
with  a  large  body  of  troops,  and  eflablifhed  himfelf 
near  Karafubafar,  whei  e  he  made  therii  perform 
feveral  manoeuvres.  Towards  the  month  of  ;une 
the  Porte  acknowledged  Schaim  Gheray  as  Khan  of 
the  Tartars  of  the  Crimea,  by  a  treaty  concluded 
between  the  Ruffians  and  the  Turks.  This  was 
what  Ruflia  demanded.  The  Grand  Seignior,  as 
Calif,  fent  Khan  a  fabre  and  a  caftan,  which  the 
latter  accepted ;  but,  contrary  to  cuftom,  would 
not  permit  the  deputies  to  put  them  on  him,  but 
ordered  both  the  weapon  and  the  drefs  to  be  placed 
in  his  cabinet. 

At  the  end  of  June,  the  Ruffian  troops  marched 
from  the  Crimea  and  Cuban,  on  their  return  to 
Ruflia.  The  forts  were  abandoned,  and  the  troops 
were  reviewed  and  infpected  in  the  various  camps. 
Only  a  few  thoufand  men  were  left  in  the  environs 
of  Kinburn  and  Jenikala,  and  the  Aulic  Counfellor 
Conftantinow  remained  with  the  Khan,  under  the 
title  of  Charge  d'Affaires. 

At  Pultava,  Suworow  received  the  command  of 
the  troops  of  Little  Ruffias  where  the  emprefs  as 
a  teflimony  of  her  approbation,  gave  him  a  fhuff- 
box,  with  her  portrait  fet  in  diamonds.  Here  he 
did  not  continue  long,  as  he  received  orders,  at  the 
beginning  of  the  winter,  to  return  to  Peterfourg. 

He  was  received  there  with  the  greatefl:  attention, 
and  the  court  gave  him  the  command  of  a  fecret 
expedition  on  the  Cafpian  Sea.  The  emprefs  pre- 
fented  him  with  the  flar  of  the  Order  of  Alexander, 
embellifhed  with  diamonds.  It  was  the  fame  me 
had  herfelf  worn  on  a  habit  of  that  order. 

vol.  I.  R 


i3o 


SUWOROw's 


In  March,  1780,  Suworow  went  to  Aftracan9 
where  he  made  the  neceiTary  difpofitions,  and  pro- 
cured the  moft  exact  information  refpeding  Perfia ; 
in  which  empire  fome  troubles  had  arifen,  and  a 
bloody  war  commenced  between  the  Khans,  after 
the  death  of  Nadir  Scah.  He  reconnoitred  the 
Seven  Mouths  of  the  Wolga  and  the  neighbouring 
coafts  of  the  Cafpian  j  but  the  expedition  did  not 
take  place,  although  the  corps  and  troops  were 
already  fet  down  in  the  war-lifts  for  that  fervice. 
Suworow  remained  fome  months  at  Aitracan,  after 
which  he  received  the  command  of  the  divifion  of 
Cafan,  in  which  province  he  arrived  in  178 1,  and 
continued  there  a  confiderable  time. 


CAMPAIGNS* 


CHAR  VI. 

THE  TARTARS  TAKE  THE  OATH  OF  ALLEGIANCE  TQ 

RUSSIA.  EXPEDITION  AGAINST  THE  NOG  AYS 

BEYOND  THE  CUBAN. 

HE  Sultan  Mahomet  Ghiray,  being  a 
fworn  enemy  to  the  Khan  Schaim  Ghiray,  although 
his  neareft  relation,  (lirred  up  the  Tartars  againlt 
the  Khan,  who  was  then  in  his  capitol.  This  re- 
volt: broke  out  in  autumn,  and  the  Khan  fled,  ac- 
companied by  his  mod  faithful  fervants,  to  Kaffa, 
where  he  embarked,  and  arrived  by  the  fea  of  Azof, 
at  Petrowlk,  a  Ruflian  fortrefs,  built  on  the  north- 
ern coaft. 

Towards  the  end  of  1782,  Prince  Potemkin  ar- 
rived at  Cherfon,  with  a  commiffion  from  the  em- 
prefs ;  and,  having  fent  for  Suworow,  together 
with  the  divifion  of  Cafan,  had  an  interview  with 
the  Khan  at  Petrowlk,  and  immediately  fet  off  for 
Peterfburg. 

The  Kahn  returned  to  Balktfchifarey,  accompa- 
nied by  a  confiderable  number  of  Ruffian  troops, 
and  the  troubles  were  very  fpeedily  appeafed.  The 
malcontents  had  proclaimed  his  elder  brother,  Ba- 
tyr  Ghiray,  khan  in  his  place.  The  other  brother, 
Arflar  Ghiray,  who  commanded  in  Cuban,  as 
feralkier  of  the  Tarters  of  Noga,  was  at  that  time 
with  his  elder  brother  in  the  Crimea  ;  and  both 
they  and  their  fuites  were  carried  off  by  the  Ruf- 


SUWOROW'äf 


fians,  who.  after  keeping  them  prifoners  for  fome 
time,  embarked  them  on  the  Cuban,  and  reitored 
them  their  liberty ;  fo  that  the  whole  terminated 
without  much  effufiöä  of  blood.  But  the  rebel 
chief,  Mahomet  Ghiray,  being  arretted,  was 
(toned,  by  order  of  the  Khan,  and  feveral  other 
Tartars,  who  had  perfifted  in  their  rebellion,  were 
punimed  with  death. 

Suworow  now  fet  off  for  Saint  Demetrius,  and 
for  Azof,  where  he  again  took  the  command  of  the 
Cuban,  at  the  beginning  of  the  winter.  The  corps 
confifte3  of  twelve  battalions,  with  their  artillery 
and  heavy  field-pieces,  twenty  fquadrons  of  dra- 
goons, fix  regiments  of  Cofiacs,  and  the  remainder 
of  the  militia  of  the  Don,  under  their  commander, 
IIöweifKL 

At  the  end  of  May,  Prince  Potemkm  again  went 
to  Cherfon,  ftnt  lor  Suworow,  deliberated  with 
him,  and  returned  to  Saint  Demetrius. 

Six  corps  were  now  fet  cn  foot,  befides  two  in 
Poland,  to  keep  the  Turks  in  awe.  The  fir  ft  of 
thefe  corps  was  ftationed  at  Kotmifch,  under  the 
command  of  Prince  Repnin ;  the  lecond  at  Hu- 
mann,  under  Count  Soltikcw  ;  the  third  as  a  body 
of  referve  in  Little  Rufiia  ;  the  fourth  as  a  troop 
of  execution  in  the  government  of  the  Crimea,  un- 
der Prince  Potemkin  himfelf ;  the  fifth  was  that  of 
Cuban,  under  Suworow  ;  and  the  lixth  in  Cauca- 
fus,  under  Paul  Potemkin. 


The  rendezvous  of  Suworow's  troops  was  under 
the  fortrefs  of  Jay,  fifteen  miles  from  Azof,  in  the 


CAMPAIGNS. 


»33 


wilds  of  Cuban.  He  haftened  the  aiTemblage  of 
his  regiments,  feveral  of  which  had  confulerable 
marches  to  perform  fome  coming  from  diftant  quar- 
ters near  the  Don,  and  others  from  the  lines  of 
Caucafus. 

In  the  courfe  of  June,  part  of  the  troops  having 
arrived  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Jay,  Suworow 
fent  a  proclamation,  inviting  the  tribes  of  the  Tar- 
tar hordes  of  Nogay  to  come  and  fee  him,  treated 
them  as  old  acquaintance,  and  gave  them  a  grand 
gala  in  the  wilds  ;  at  which  above  three  thoufand 
Nogay  Tartars  were  prefer!  t.  Their  behaviour  was 
friendly,  and  they  returned  home  the  following 
day. 

As  the  troops  arrived,  they  were  fent  foward 
without  lofs  of  time,  to  occupy  with  redoubts,  the 
lines  from  Jay,  as  far  as  Tamann,  where  the  prin- 
cipal points  of  Kopyl  and  Kurkey  were.  Suworow 
remained  near  Jay,  with  four  battalions  and  their 
field-pieces,  ten  fquadrons  of  dragoons,  and  two 
regiments  of  Coflacs. 

On  the  28th  of  June,  which  was  the  anniverfary  of 
the  accelTion  of  the  emprefs,  the  Nogay  hordes 
again  afTembled,  with  a  numerous  train  of  attend- 
ants, in  confequence  of  being  invited  to  the  feaft. 
They  came  to  the  number  of  five  or  fix  thoufand, 
and  the  whole  of  the  country  round  Jay  was  co- 
vered with  their  tents. 

Schaim  Ghiray,  khan  of  the  Nogay  Tartars, 
now  abdigated  his  dignity,  at  the  fame  time  noti- 
cing to  the  Tartars ;   1  ft.  That  he  had  come  to 


*34 


SUWOROW's 


that  refolution  of  his  own  accord  ;  2d.  That  they 
were  at  liberty  to  chooie  his  fucceflor  ;  3d.  That  he 
was  determined  to  live  and  die  among  them.  Prince 
Potemkin  immediately  publifhed  a  manifefto  from 
the  emprefs,  with  a  fupplement  in  his  own  name, 
ordering  all  the  Tartars  to  take  the  oath  of  fidelity 
to  the  emprefs.  Thefe  manifeftoes  were  alfo  fent 
into  the  Cuban,  a  little  before  the  20th  of  June. 

On  this  occafion,  the  troops  were  diflributed  in 
proper  order,  and  in  feveral  divifions  in  the  envi- 
rons of  Jay  j  and  when  divine  fervice  was  conclud- 
ed, the  Nogay  chiefs  affembled,  and  in  the  prefence 
of  Suworow,  publicly  fwore,  on  the  Koran,  fidelity 
and  homage  to  the  ernprefs.  They  afterwards  went 
to  their  tribes,  and  made  them  take  the  fame  oath. 
The  whole  of  this  ceremony  was  performed  with 
the  greateft  folemnity,  amidfl  the  continual  dif- 
charge  of  artillery,  and  fongs  of  joy.  Several  of 
the  Tartars  received  appointments  in  the  Ruffian 
fervice,  -he  oldeft  being  made  Half  officers,  and 
fbme  others  fubalterns. 

When  the  whole  was  concluded,  a  grand  feaft 
was  given,  in  an  immenfe  open  place  in  the  wilds. 
The  guefts  were  feated  on  the  ground,  in  the  man- 
ner of  the  Tartars,  and  diflributed  in  a  number  of 
fmall  groups,  all  placed  according  to  their  rank. 
The  dinner  confided,  principally,  of  boiled  and 
roaft  meat :  a  hundred  oxen,  and  eight  hundred 
lheep,  were  killed  on  the  occafion;  and,  as  the 
laws  of  the  Tartars  did  not  permit  them  to  drink 
wine,  but  only  Sago  brandy,  five  hundred  eimers 
(thirty-two  thou  fand  pints)  of  that  liquor  were  pro- 
vided and  the  company  allowed  to  drink  at  pleafurej 


CAMPAIGNS. 


*35 


befides  which,  EngHfli  porter  was  ferved  to  the 
chiefs,  who  dined  at  Suworow's  table.  This  party 
drank  healths  in  a  large  cup,  which  was  handed 
round  the  table,  accompanied  by  difcharges  of 
cannon,  and  continual  cries  of  joy,  and  of  u  Urra 
and  Allah  !"  The  other  companies  did  the  fame, 
and  mirth  and  happinefs  prevailed  throughout  the 
fcene.  Ruffians  and  Tartars  were  mingled  together, 
and  after  dinner,  races  were  performed,  on  all  fides, 
between  the  Tartars-and  the  CofTacs.  Some  of  the 
Tartars  died,  in  confequence  of  drinking  to  excefs ; 
which  they  confider  as  an  honour  in  their  great 
feafts.  In  the  evening  a  fecond  feaft  was  ferved, 
which  continued  great  part  of  the  night. 

A  fimilar  entertainment  was  given  the  following 
day,  the  29th  of  June,  which  was  that  of  St.  Peter 
and  St.  Paul,  the  grand  duke's  patron,  when  a 
breakfaft  was  given;  afcer  which,  the  Tartars 
took  their  leave,  embracing  the  Ruffians  as  breth- 
ren. 

Immediately  afcer  the  oath  had  been  taken,  Su- 
worow  fent  a  courier  to  Prince  Potemkin,  with  this 
acl:  of  faith  and  homage  of  the  Tartars.  Thofe  of 
the  Crimea  foon  followed  their  example. 

When  the  Nogays  were  returned  to  Jay,  their 
firft  ftep  was  to  adminifter  the  fame  oath  to  their 
tribes,  in  the  prefence  of  the  Ruffian  ftafF  and 
©ther  officers. 

Soon  after,  Suworow  received  a  letter  from  the 
emprefs,  to  the  following  effedt : 


»3« 


su  wo  row's 


To  our  Lieutenant-General  de  Suworoio. 

"  In  the  affairs  confided  to  your  care,  and  parti- 
"  cularly  in  the  commillion  you  have  borne,  under 
"  the  direction  of  our  General  Prince  Potemkin, 
*c  for  the  re-union  of  the  various  nations  of  the  Ruf- 
"  fian  empire,  you  have  fhewn  a  zeal  and  activity 
cc  for  our  fervice,  which  has  excited  our  particular 
<c  attention  and  favour.  Willing  to  give  you  a 
<c  public  teftimony  of  our  approbation,  we  hereby 
"  grant  you  the  grand  crofs  of  the  equeftrian  order 
<c  of  Saint  Wolodimir,  of  the  firft  clafs,  of  which 
46  we  fend  you  the  decorations.  We  command  you 
<c  to  receive  and  wear  them,  according  to  the  fta- 
"  tutes.    We  are,  affectionately, 

"  Catherine/5 

Czarcofelo,  July  28,  1783. 

As  the  conflancy  of  the  Nogays  was  wholly  un- 
certain, and  could  not  be  relied  on,  it  was  propo- 
fed  to  remove  all  tneir  tribes,  by  fmall  degrees  to 
the  wafle  lands  of  Uralfk,  and  difarm  them  when- 
ever an  opportunity  mould  offer.  A  very  extenfive 
cordan  was  formed  from  the  river  Jay  to  the  mid- 
dle of  the  Don  ;  and,  in  the  courfe  of  July,  all  the 
Tartars  of  Nogay  affembled  near  Jay. 

Here  it  will  be  proper  to  fpeak  more  at  large  of 
this  nation,  fo  celebrated  in  the  ancient  times  ;  a 
nation,  with  whom,  five  hundred  years  ago,  Genghis 
Khan  conquered  Afia,  as  far  as  the  confines  of 
China  ;  and  among  whom  Tamerlane  was  born. 
The  Nagay  Tartars  pretend  to  come  from  the  Uf- 


CAMPAIGNS. 


»37 


beks.  Tfchtttfchi,  eldefl:  fon  of  Gengis  Khan,  be- 
ing  with  his  brothers  in  China,  at  the  fiege  of  a 
fortrefs,  was  reprimanded  by  his  father  for  fome 
faults  committed  there.  Enraged  at  this,  he  fled 
to  the  Kuptfchacs,  and  though  they  already  had 
a  khan,  took  part  in  the  government,  in  which  he 
ifiewed  great  penetration.  He  afterwards  continued 
as  fovereign  over  this  nation,  who,  at  that  time, 
had  in  their  power  the  greater  part  of  RufTia  ;  their 
frontiers  extending  along  the  Wolga,  as  far  as 
Penza,  Arfamas,  and  the  great  foreft  of  Muron, 
where  entrenchments,  are  Hill  to  be  feen.  He 
built  a  refidence  for  himfelf,  at  Sarayfcheck,  on 
the  river  Atkoban,  nine  miles  from  the  rich  and 
extenfive  city  of  Jarizin,  for  which  purpofe  he  fent 
for  architects  from  Mofcow.  The  ruins  of  fome 
of  the  ftreets,  and  large  fquares,  where  the  Ruffian 
princes  were  obliged  to  pay  their  tribute,  are  ftiil 
in  exillence.  The  fucceifors  of  Tfchutfchi  govern- 
ed with  moderation,  and  did  not  interfere  in  mat- 
ters of  religion  ;  the  patriarch  retained  his  autho- 
rity, and  the  laws  were  on  the  fame  footing  as  be- 
fore. The  Ruffian  princes  continued  to  fubmit  to 
the  Kuptfchacs  till  the  time  of  the  celebrated  Ma- 
may,  who  wTas,  properly,  a  grand  vizir  among  the 
Tartars ;  and  who,  having  carried  his  arms  into 
the  interior  of  Ruflia,  within  fifteen  werfts  of  Mof- 
cow, was  completely  beaten  and  repulfed  by  the 
great  Prince  Demetrius  Donfkoy.  From  that  pe- 
riod, inteftine  divifion,  and  epidemic  diforders  fuc- 
ceffively  depopulated  their  hordes  ;  which,  origin- 
ally, confifled  of  feveral  hundred  thoufands.  At 
length  the  Czar  I  wan  Wolfilowitfch,  who  made 
himfelf  mafler  of  the  kingdoms  of  Kafan  and  Aflra- 
can,  repulfed  thefe  Tartars  in  the  wilds  of  Uralfk? 
vol.  i.  S 


SUWOROw's 


behind  the  Wolga  ;  and,  towards  the  clofe  of  the 
laft  century,  feveral  of  them,  traverfing  the  wilds 
of  Cuban,  fled  through  the  Crimea,  to  take  refuge 
in  Beffarabia,  and  placed  themfelves  under  the 
protection  of  the  Turks. 

Bady  Khan,  fecond  fon  of  Gengis,  was  to  bring 
all  the  reft  of  Ruflia  entirely  under  fubje&ion  to 
him.  He  treated  the  princes  who  fubmitted,  with 
great  moderation,  but  was  extremely  rigorous  to- 
wards thofe  who  refilled  his  authority.  The  cele- 
brated Grand  Duke,  Alexander  Newfki  de  Wolo- 
dimir  refufed  to  wait  on  him  when  he  palTed,  and 
as  he  perfifted  in  his  refufal  three  times,  he  was 
required  to  make  fatisfa&ion  by  fire  ordeal.  This 
he  alfo  refufed,  and  went  to  the  Khan,  faying,  "  I 
"  am  willing  to  acknowledge  you  as  fovereign,  but 
"  cannot  honour  your  gods,  as  I  only  believe  in 
"  one/'  The  Khan  was  fo  well  fatisfied  with  this 
firm  anfwer,  that  he  left  the  prince  in  poffeffion  of 
his  eftate*,  and  afterwards  added  to  them. 

This  Khan  traverfed  Poland,  and  his  army  ad- 
vanced as  far  as  the  frontiers  of  Silefia.  Wherever 
thefe  Nomades  palled,  they  left  colonies  behind 
them,  branches  of  which  are  ftili  to  be  found  near 
Mofcow,  and  in  Poland.  ■  From  them  are  descend- 
ed the  families  of  Beliak  and  Korizki. 

The  tribes  of  the  Nogay  Tarters  were  diftinguifh- 
ed  by  the  following  names  :  the  Upper  and  Lower 
GedifTans,  the  Great  and  Little  Tfhamburluks,  the 
Gedifchkulers  to  the  right  and  left,  the  Kuptfchaks, 
and  the  Akermans.  Thefe  laft  had  been  much 
diminifhed  by  a  violent  epidemical  diforder,  which 


CAMPAIGNS. 


l39 


prevailed  among  them  when  they  emigrated  from 
Beflarabia  to  Cuban,  in  the  lalt  war.  Thefe  na- 
tions, who  were  once  fo  formidable,  and  who  were 
able  to  fend  a  hundred  thoufand  cavalry  into  the 
field,  are  now  reduced  to  lefs  than  one-third  their 
ancient  population.  They  have  always  continued 
to  purfue  a  paftoral  life  ;  living  on  the  produce  of 
their  flocks,  and  eat  rice  inftead  of  bread  ;  as  they 
began  very  late  to  cultivate  wheat.  Their  drefs  is 
very  fimple  ;  and  a  new  fheep's  fkin  ferves  them 
for  holiday  clothes.  They  have  few  good  fire-arms, 
and,  in  general,  make  great  ufe  of  bows  and  ar- 
rows :  they  have  alfo  javelins  made  of  a  bad  kind 
of  wood,  which  is  found  in  thefe  defarts.  They 
likewife  arm  themfelves  with  a  fabre,  and  many  of 
them  ufe  their  knives  as  poniards.  In  battle,  they 
alfo  employ  large  hammers,  which  they  fallen  to 
their  hands  with  a  thong  of  leather.  Such  was  the 
manner  of  life  of  the  Nogay  Tarters,  the  defend- 
ants of  the  celebrated  Gengis  Khan. 

Their  march  towards  the  Don,  and  the  wilds  of 
Uralfk,  was  divided  into  feveral  columns,  under  an 
efcort  of  Ruffian  troops.  At  the  end  of  July,  when 
they  were  half  way  to  the  Don,  Schaim  Gheray 
arrived  at  Tamann,  together  with  his  fuite,  by  the 
(trait  of  Jenikala,  where  he  circulated  feditious  let- 
ters, and  fecretly  ftirred  up  the  Nogay  hordes. 
Hence  arofe  a  confiderable  revolt,  and  the  rebels 
retired  to  the  river  Cuban,  where  they  met  with 
refiftance  from  thofe  who  remained  faithful  to  Ruf» 
fia  ;  among  whom  the  commander  of  the  GedilTans, 
and  old  MulTabeg,  chief  of  the  Tfchamburluks, 
xleferve  to  be  particularly  diftinguifhed.  They  had 
many  engagements  with  their  countrymen,  in  which 


su  wo  row's 


much  blood  was  fpilt,  and  Muffabeg  himfelf  was 
feverely  wounded  in  the  neck  with  a  fabre. 

Suworow  was  unwilling  to  ufe  force  for  the  re- 
floration  of  tranquility.  The  Tartars  marched 
againft  the  line  of  forts ;  and,  to  the  number  of  fe- 
veral  thoufand  men,  advanced  to  the  camp,  without 
fuffering  themfelves  to  be  broken.  On  attempting 
to  pafs  a  morafs,  where  an  officer  was  ported  with  a 
company  of  fufileers,  and  a  piece  of  artillery,  by 
whom  they  were  refitted,  they  engaged  him,  and 
advanced  with  their  chief,  who  prefled  forward 
with  the  utmofl  fury.  The  little  platoon,  however, 
defended  themfelves  long  enough  to  receive  the  re- 
inforcement of  a  fquadron  of  dragoons,  who  were 
encamped  at  the  diflance  of  a  mile.  An  hour  after 
Colonel  Telegin,  who  was  at  a  {till  greater  diflance, 
arrived  in  the  utmofl  hafte,  with  two  battalions, 
who  immediately  broke  the  enemy's  rank,  and  de- 
feated and  difperfed  the  Tartars.  This  engagement 
cofl  them  five  hundred  men.  The  pofi  which  Co- 
lonel Telegin  had  abandoned,  was  alfo  a  very  im- 
portant pafs ;  the  Nogays  took  advantage  of  the 
oppportunity,  and  feveral  thoufand  of  them  traverf- 
ed  the  morals,  and  fled  into  the  country  of  the 
Temirgois,  in  the  Naurus,  behind  the  river  Cuban  ; 
but  being  purfued,  they  abandoned  their  immenfe 
herds  of  cattle,  and  removed  to  a  greater  diflance. 
The  booty  confifled  of  about  thirty  thoufand  horfes, 
forty  thoufand  horned  cattle,  and  above  two  hun- 
dred thoufand  fheep. 

Suworow,  who  was  in  the  middle  of  the  line, 
made  a  j unction  with  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lefcjhte- 
witfch,  infpector-general  of  the  Nogays.    Here  he 


CAMPAIGNS. 


was  informed,  that  Taw  Sultan  Murfa  had  juft  been 
plotting  a  new  confpiracy.  This  Murfa,  governor 
of  the  young  fultan,  who  was  nephew  to  Schaim 
Gheray,  was  defirous  of  raifing  his  pupil  to  che 
dignity  of  Khan,  and  had  already  been  the  frequent 
inftigator  of  revolts.  The  confpiracy  was  foon 
broke  out,  and  kanfanka  was  the  watchword  they  a- 
dopted.  They  packed  up  their  kibiks  (tents J,  placed 
the  whole  on  carnages,  together  with  the  leaft  of 
their  children,  and  drove  their  cattle  before  them, 
having,  previous  to  their  departure,  maffacred  the 
Ruffians  who  had  been  left  to  watch  them,  and  who 
were  unable  to  fave  themfelves  by  flight.  The 
troops  of  the  cordon,  who  were  the  nearer!;,  haf- 
tened  to  attack  them,  but  were  obliged  to  retreat 
from  the  inferiority  of  their  numbers.  Taw  Sultan 
attacked  Jay,  at  the  head  of  a  few  thoufand  men, 
and  thougo  repulfed  with  lofs,  continued  his  march 
towards  the  river  Cuban,  and  collected  the  reft  of 
the  Nogays,  as  alfo  fome  of  the  chiefs  of  thofe  who 
had  continued  faithful ;  and,  among  the  reft,  Halli 
EfFendi,  with  his  wife,  whom  he  carried  away. 
Moft  of  the  faithful  Tartars  encamped  in  the  envi- 
rons of  Jay. 

^n  Augufl,  Suworow  affembled  his  troops  in  one 
body,  near  Kopyl,  and  caufed  barracks  to  be  pre- 
pared for  the  approaching  winter  quarters.  At  the 
end  of  the  month,  the  Tartars  made  an  attack  be- 
yond the  Cuban  with  ten  thoufand  men,  and  tra- 
veled the  wilds  to  fall  upon  Jay,  where  a  fufficient 
garrifcn  had  been  left.  They  attacked  the  entrench- 
ments, during  three  following  days,  with  fo  much 
impetuofity,  that  they  loft  four  hundred  men,  and 
had  two  hundred  taken  prifcners  in  a  fally.  They 


142 


su  wo  row's 


then  took  to  flight,  but  were  able  to  carry  off  feve- 
ral  of  their  men  who  had  remained  behind. 

In  the  courfe  of  September,  Prince  Potemkin, 
generaliflimo  of  all  the  forces,  ordered  Suworow  to 
arrell  Schain  Gheray,  at  Tamann,  to  put  his  corps 
into  winter-quarters  on  the  Don,  and  to  put  an 
end  to  the  operations  he  intended  to  undertake  a- 
gainft  the  Nogays. 

The  fu  ft  of  thefe  meafures  did  not  take  place. 
Suworow  had  already  left  Kopyl  when  the  orders 
arrived,  and  was  under  cover  in  a  wood  two  miles 
from  that  place.  Major-General  Jellagin  was  then 
at  Tern  an  with  Colonel  Holle.  To  him  Suworow 
immediately  difpatched  a  courier,  who,  pafiing  the 
night  at  Kopyl,  where  he  was  to  be  joined  by  the 
neceffary  elcort,  was  obliged  to  wait  till  the  next 
day,  becaufe  General  Philippow  was  in  bed,  and 
had  given  orders  that  he  mould  not  be  difturbed. 
This  general  gave  the  courier  an  eicort  of  about 
thirty  CoiTacs,  who  were  cut  to  pieces  on  the  road, 
by  above  a  hundred  Abafcians,  and  the  courier  was 
obliged  to  return.  Ifaiow,  colonel  of  a  regiment 
of  CofTacs,  was  ordered,  with  the  utmoft  hafte,  to 
join  Jelagin,  near  Teman,  and  he  accordingly  fet 
forward  on  the  march. 

In  the  night  previous  to  his  arrival,  Schaim  Ghe- 
ray was  informed  of  the  fate  which  threatened  him, 
and,  having  with  him  a  numerous  body  of  men, 
fpeedily  mounted  his  horfe,  and,  together  with 
his  people,  flattened  to  the  banks  of  the  Cuban, 
which  is  but  two  miles  from  thence,  where  he  found 
fome  boats,  which  Jelagin  had  net  removed  j  he 


CAMPAIGNS. 


'43 


knowing  nothing  of  the  project,  and  having  always 
been  treated  with  politenefs  by  Shaim  Gheray. 
jelagin  and  Ifaiow  purfued  him ;  but  he  had  al- 
ready pafled  the  river.  In  vain  they  called  after 
him,  but  he  anfwered  their  folicitations  with  ex- 
cufes,  and  retired  into  Circaflia. 

The  detachment  appointed  for  the  expedition  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Cuban,  confided  cf  fixteen 
companies  of  infantry,  in  four  platoons,  each  of 
which  had  two  light  field -pieces,  fixteen  fquadrons 
of  dragoons,  with  the  fame  number  of  pieces  of 
artillery,  and  four  regiments  of  CofTacs.  The 
commanding  officer  Iloweifki  was  ordered  to  march 
directly  towards  the  Cuban,  with  twelve  regiments 
of  CofTacs,  each  five  hundred  men  ftrong,  and  to 
make  a  junction  with  Suworow  at  an  appointed  time 
and  place. 

This  corps  had  performed  a  march  of  thirty  miles. 
They  afeended  the  right  of  the  Cuban,  always  ad- 
vancing by  night,  and  in  the  day  time  halting  in 
the  woods.  They  proceeded  in  thegreateft  filence, 
and  without  fignals,  becaufe  the  Circaffians  had 
ftrong  picquets  on  the  left  banks,  and  they  were 
anxious  to  avoid  difcovery.  For  the  fame  reafon, 
Suworow  having  before  met  a  Turkifh  meflenger 
from  Sutfchuk,  replied  to  his  enquiries  :  "  It  is  a 
tc  fmall  detachment  which  remained  behind,  and 
"  which  I  am  conducting  to  the  corps  of  Cauca- 
"  fus." 

The,  Grand  Quarter-Mafter  Foedorow  was  on 
horleback  in  the  van,  and  as  there  was  no  road 
along  the  bank,  he  polled  two  CofTacs  at  every 


144 


SUWOROw's 


quarter  of  a  league  as  guides.  When  they  arrived 
oppofite  to  the  country  occupied  by  the  Attukays, 
on  the  left  bank,  they  found  fo  little  wood,  that 
they  could  not  conceal  their  march.  The  river, 
too,  was  very  narrow  in  that  part,  and  the  Attu- 
kays fired  acrofs  it,  both  with  mufkets  and  bows 
and  arrows.  They  did  not,  however,  much  annoy 
the  Ruffians,  who  were  careful  not  to  anfwer  their 
lire.  Towards  noon,  Suworow  fent  for  the  Bey 
who  commanded  there,  and  feverely  reprimanded 
him  for  this  conduct  ;  and  the  Bey  difperfed  the 
oiFenders  by  driving  them  away  with  whips.  As 
to  the  deftinatian  of  the  troops,  the  fame  explana- 
tion was  given  to  the  Bey  as  to  the  Turkifh  meflen- 
ger  from  Sutfchuk. 

At  length  the  corps  approached  the  river  Laba, 
which  arifes  in  Mount  Caucafus,  in  the  province  of 
Cuban.  Here  they  met  with  no  more  wood,  and 
the  troops  concealed  themfelves,  by  encamping  in 
hollows  ;  but  were  not  molefted  by  any  enemy 
whatever. 

Not  far  from  the  bank  were  fome  hills  of  confi- 
derable  height.  Suworow  afcended  them,  and 
perceived  fome  Nogays  making  hay ;  and  when 
he  faw  the  diftant  fmoke  of  their  fires,  he  was  fully 
confirmed  in  the  information  he  had  received,  that 
this  was  the  place  where  the  Nogay  Tarters  were 
encamped.  The  Ruffians  halted  during  the  day. 
In  the  afternoon,  Iloweilki,  the  commanding  offi- 
cer on  the  Don,  joined  them  according  to  appoint- 
ment, with  his  twelve  regiments  of  CofTacs,  and  at 
dufk  they  marched  towards  the  right  bank  of  the 


CAMPAIGNS. 


»45 


Cuban,  which  in  that  part  is  flat,  and  covered  with 
fine  forefts.  On  their  arrival  the  moon  (hone  very 
bright. 

In  this  place  the  Cuban  is  a  full  quartei  of  a  mile 
broad,  and  as  they  had  no  pontoons,  they  prepared 
to  ford,  or  fwim  acrofs  it,  and  fent  forward  fome 
CoUacs  to  find  out  the  fordable  parts.  The  infantry 
flripped  theinfelves,  and  forded  the  river  naked, 
carrying  their  arms  and  cartouch  boxes  on  their 
heads,  being  frequently  up  to  their  moulders  in 
fhater.  The  cavalry  took  the  clothes  of  the  infant- 
ry on  the  cruppers  of  the  horfes,  and  carried  the 
ammunition  two  by  two,  that  the  powder  might 
not  be  wetted.  Thus  they  palled  the  river  in  com- 
panies and  in  fquadrons ;  the  horfe  crofling  fome- 
what  higher,  to  break  the  force  of  the  current. 
In  the  middle  of  the  fiream  was  a  fpacious  ifland, 
where  they  halted  for  a  fhort  time,  when,  in  the 
fame  order,  they  gained  the  left  bank,  which  they 
found  very  deep,  and  covered  with  rocks.  Even 
the  ColTacs  had  great  difficulty  to  get  on  more  on 
horfeback,  and  above  all  the  dragoons,  who  carried 
the  ammunition ;  and  it  required  great  labour  to 
hoift  up  the  artillery,  and  the  reft  of  the  baggage, 
with  ropes.  The  infantry  climbed  up,  and  drefTed 
themfelves,  but  the  banks  were  fo  full  of  rocks,  that 
they  could  fcarcely  make  ufe  of  the  intrenching 
tools  which  they  had  brought  with  them. 

All  being  now  in  order,  they  began  to  march. 
Having  proceeded  nearly  a  mile,  they  came  to  a 
morafs,  which  it  was  necelfary  to  pals.  They  af- 
cended  the  right  bank  of  the  Laba,  and  having 
proceeded  another  mile,  the  van  guard  met  a  pa- 

vol.  i,  T 


SUWOROW'S 


trole,  whom  they  made  prifoners,  and  who  ferved 
them  as  guides. 

The  next  morning  they  furprized  the  Nogays. 
The  CofTacs  whofe  country  on  the  Don  that  nation 
had  formerly  ravaged,  now  took  the  moft  dreadful 
revenge.  The  maflacre  continued  till  noon.  This 
event  took  place  near  an  old  ruined  cattle  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Kermentfchuk. 

After  halting  an  hour,  they  advanced  two  miles 
farther.  When  they  arrived  at  the  foreft:  of  Farifch, 
which  extends  as  far  as  Mount  Caucafus,  the  Ruf- 
fians attacked  the  reft:  of  the  Nogay  Tartars.  The 
engagement  was  as  vigorous  as  that  of  the  morn- 
ing, though  many  Tartars  took  to  flight  as  foon  as 
they  were  informed  of  this  fudden  attack.  But  the 
Termigois  and  the  Nawrus,  in  whofe  country  this 
a&ion  happened,  and  who  defended  the  Nogays, 
fuffered  a  confiderable  lofs.  The  prince  of  the 
Nawrus  was  killed,  and  his  daughter  led  away 
captive. 

The  light  troops  fought  on  both  banks  of  the  La- 
ba.  The  engagement  continued  until  the  evening, 
when  the  victorious  army  repofed  in  the  field  of 
battle,  which  was  in  a  plain ;  and  the  next  day 
purfued  the  enemy  to  a  diftance  of  fome  miles, 
though  without  being  able  to  overtake  them.  The 
conquerors  returned  on  the  following  day,  and  re- 
paired the  Cuban. 

From  the  time  of  Mamay,  of  whom  we  have 
fpoken  above,  and  who  was  defeated  by  Demerius 
Donikoy,  the  Nogays  had  never  been  fo  feverely 


CAMPAIGNS. 


H7 


handled  as  on  this  occafion,  which  happened  on 
the  ill  of  October.  In  the  two  battles,  about  four 
thoufand  perfons,  men  and  women  remained  upon 
the  field  of  battle,  which  extended  a  mile  and  a 
half  along  their  tents.  The  Coffacs,  according  to 
the  cuftom  of  thofe  nations,  carried  with  them  a 
great  number  of  young  children. 

When  the  Ruffians  returned  to  the  right  bank  of 
the  Cuban,  the  commanding  officer  lloweifki  re- 
turned with  his  troops  towards  the  Don.  At  that 
time,  the  troops  had  already  fet  off  for  Kopyl  to 
go  into  winter  quarters  in  the  fame  canton,  agreea- 
bly to  their  orders.  The  corps  detached  from  Su- 
worow  did  the  fame,  and  that  general  retained  only 
a  few  companies  of  the  infantry,  two  pieces  of  can- 
non, a  fquadron  of  dragoons,  and  a  regiment  of 
Coffacs,  with  which  he  marched  acrofs  the  wilds  of 
the  fortrefs  of  Jay.  He  had  above  forty  German 
miles  to  go,  and  more  than  ten  rivers  to  crofs.  In 
fording  thefe,  his  troops  were  frequently  up  to  their 
middle  in  water,  and  were  obliged  to  throw  bridges 
over  the  deeper  channels.  The  want  of  wood 
obliged  them  to  make  thefe  bridges  of  reeds 
and  turf,  which  lafted  at  the  utmoft  but  four-and- 
twenty  hours ;  as  the  current  deftroyed  them ;  and 
when  the  troops  did  not  make  hafte  to  pafs,  it  be- 
came neceffary  to  make  others.  Some  Tartars  who 
aded  as  guides  acrofs  the  wilds,  directed  their  march 
too  much  to  the  northward,  which  caufed  them  to 
make  a  falfe  march  of  ten  miles.  At  length  their 
provifions  began  to  fail  them  ;  and,  on  the  laft  day, 
were  entirely  confumed. 


SUWOROW's 


At  the  end  of  October,  they  arrived  at  fort  Jay, 
where  Suworow  made  the  necefTary  difpofitions. 
There  had  always  been  a  fufEcient  number  of  men 
in  the  caftle  and  fort  of  Jay,  becaufe  the  chiefs  of 
the  Nogay  hordes  were  there  under  the  inflection 
of  Lieutenant- Colonel  Lefchkewitfh ;  and  after  the 
feparation  of  the  Serafkier,  Arllan  Gheray,  his  fuc- 
ceflor,  Hallil  Efrendi,  governor-general  of  the  Tar- 
tar tribes  which  had  remained  behind,  encamped 
in  the  neighbourhood. 

When  Suworow  arrived,  he  paid  fome  vifits,  and 
particularly  to  his  friend  Murfa  Bey,  prince  of  the 
Tfchamberluks,  who  was  a  venerable  old  man.  He 
had  not  yet  recovered  the  wound  in  his  neck  ;  but 
was  highly  gratified  to  fee  Suworow  in  good  health. 
He  embraced  him  with  tears  in  his  eyes,  and  called 
him  his  fon. 

Suworow  did  not  flay  many  days.  In  the  be* 
ginning  of  November,  he  went  by  Azof  to  St. 
Demetrius,  leaving,  as  a  garrifon  in  the  caftle,  a 
company  of  grenadiers,  one  of  fufileers,  and  a  re- 
giment of  CofTacs.  There  were  twelve  pieces  of 
cannon  in  the  fort. 

Except  Taw  Sultan  and  a  few  others,  almoft  all 
thofe  who  had  fled  towards  the  left  bank  of  the 
Cuban,  wrote  to  Suworow  with  white  flags,  con- 
ffeffifig  their  error,  and  promiffing  that  in  the  fpring 
they  would  return  to  their  former  pofitions,  which 
many  of  them  actually  did. 

The  Ruffians,  after  their  departure  from  that 
country,  being  much  difperfed,  were  attacked 


CAMPAIGNS. 


I49 


throughout  the  winter  by  the  Clrcaflians,  and  ef- 
pecially  by  the  pagans  of  Abafcia.  Many  of  the 
Ruffians  were  killed,  and  others  carried  off  and 
fold  as  flaves  in  Natolia.  At  length,  however,  they 
aflembled  in  greater  numbers,  and  put  themfeves 
in  a  flate  of  defence. 

Among  the  Tartars  who  returned,  was  the  cl- 
devant  Hallii  Effendi,  who  had  prefented  himfelf 
with  fome  of  his  followers  before  the  end  of  the 
autumn. 

There  are  at  prefent  on  the  north  coaft  of  the 
fea  of  Azof,  about  three  thoufand  kibiks,or  fami- 
lies of  thefe  Tartars,  each  family,  or  kibik,  con- 
fiding of  four  or  five  perfons.  After  their  emigra- 
tion from  BefTarabia  into  the  wilds  of  Cuban,  there 
remained  about  one  thoufand  families  under  the 
protection  of  the  Turks,  and  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Cuban,  in  the  wilds  of  Attukay,  nearly  one 
thoufand  more  ;  whom  Bajazel  Murfa  promifed  to 
remove  to  join  the  reft.  Several  of  their  families 
became  poor  in  confequence  of  changing  their  re- 
lidence,  the  length  of  their  journey  having  obliged 
them  to  abandon  their  cattle,  in  which  the  whole 
wealth  of  thefe  wandering  nations  confifh,  or  to 
part  with  them  for  very  inconfiderable  prices. 

In  the  courfe  of  the  autumn,  the  plague  made 
fome  ravages  at  Cherfon,  and  fpread  as  far  as  the 
Don.  It  continued  till  Chriiimas,  but  fuch  pre- 
cautions were  taken,  that  not  more  than  a  hundred 
perfons  fell  victims  to  it  on  the  banks  of  the  Don, 
of  whom  not  one-third  were  foldiers. 


SUWOROw's 


Suworow  paffed  the  winter  at  St.  Demetrius, 
where  the  chiefs  of  the  Tartars  who  remained  be- 
hind, and  with  whom  he  was  on  friendly  terms,  fre- 
quently vifited  him.  Mufla  Bey  had  now  recovered 
from  his  wound.  Mechmed  Bey,  the  chief  of  the 
Godiflans,  often  joked  with  him  at  table,  on  his 
being  ft  ill  inclined  to  marry  ;  and  Suworow  one 
day  afking  him  whether  he  was  ferious,  Murfa  Bey 
replied  with  much  iimplicity,  "  Mechmed  Bey  is 
right  and  immediately  requefted  the  general  to 
make  him  a  prefent  of  a  beautiful  Tartar  girl  of 
fixteen  years  of  age,  whom  he  wilhed  to  marry. 
Suworow  bought  a  young  Tartar  Have  of  a  CofTac 
for  one  hundred  rubies,  and  fent  her  to  Mufla  Bey, 
who  accordingly  married  her.  He  lived  fome  years 
after  this  tranfa&ion,  and  died  at  the  age  of  a  hun- 
dred and  eight  years  ;  having  almoft  reached  the 
age  of  Attila,  king  of  the  Huns.  He  retained  the 
ufes  of  his  faculties  till  the  laft,  except  that  his  eyes 
could  fcarcely  bear  the  light.  He  was  a  man  of  a 
ilrong  complexion,  almoft  conftantly  on  horfeback  ; 
and,  notwithstanding  his  great  age,  an  excellent 
companion.  He  was  very  much  attached  to  clean- 
linefs,  but  defpifed  all  luxury.  He  was  faithful  in 
his  friendfhips,  and  the  friend  of  the  poor,  and  his 
greateft  pleafure  was  to  be  their  benefactor.  He 
was  a  great  eater,  and  at  meals  drank  pure  fago 
brandy.  His  fervants  took  him  from  table,  and 
carried  him  to  bed  like  a  prince.  Suworow  re- 
garded him  with  great  efteem  and  attachment. 

The  ci-devant  Khan  Schaim  Gheray,  who  had 
fled  towards  the  left  bank  of  the  Cuban,  returned 
in  the  fpring  of  1784,  into  the  Crima,  by  Taman 
snd  Jenikala,  and  fet  otf  for  Woronitfch,  which 


CAMPAIGNS. 


was  the  place  of  his  deftination.  He  paffed  fome 
years  in  Ruflia,  and  afterwards  returned.  The 
Turks  received  him  at  Chotzim  in  a  manner  fuited 
to  the  dignity  of  a  Khan.  He  then  went  to  Con- 
ftantinopie,  but  was  not  permitted  to  enter  that  city, 
and  was  fent  into  banifhment  at  Rhodes,  where  he 
was  put  to  death  in  the  moft  perfidious  manner. 
According  to  the  laws  of  Turkey,  he  could  not  be 
condemned  to  death  ;  the  Khans,  and  all  the  de- 
fcendants  of  Gengis,  being  exprefsly  excepted  from 
all  capital  punifliments ;  but  it  was  alledged,  as  a 
pretext,  that  he  was  no  longer  Khan,  fince  he  had 
voluntarily^  abandoned  that  dignity. 

In  the  fummer  of  the  fame  year,  1784,  Suworow 
left  the  Nogays,  and  fet  off  for  Mofcow.  He  had 
gained  their  fiiendfhip,  and  they  had  great  reli- 
ance on  his  promifes.  But  unfortunately  this  con- 
fidence could  not  be  mutual  ;  for  no  dependence 
can  be  placed  on  thofe  nations,  who  are  all  equally 
inconftant  with  the  reft  of  the  Nomads,  and  know 
no  law  but  their  own  will.  Their  conduct  is  de- 
termined by  books  of  predictions,  or  dreams  ; 
which,  with  them,  are  fufficient  motives  for  vio- 
lating the  moft  folemn  engagements. 

Suworow  went  firft  to  the  divifion  of  Valadimir  ; 
and,  in  1785,  to  that  of  Saint  Petersburg.  On 
his  arrival  at  the  capital,  he  was  received  with  the 
greateft  diftinctton,  and  loaded  with  favours  by  the 
emprefs. 


SUWOROW'3 


CHAP.  VII. 

Jn  the  beginning  of  the  month  of  Sep- 
tember, 1786,  General  Suworow,  a  fnort  time 
after  his  promotion  to  the  rank  of  commander-in- 
chief,  quitted  Peterfburg  for  Krementfchuck.— 
Prince  Potemkin  was  at  that  time  there  on  a  vifit 
to  his  new  government  of  Catherinoflaw  and  Tau- 
rida,  which,  a  fhort  time  before,  had  been  called 
the  Crimea.  In  every  place  where  the  prince  paffed 
lome  time,  every  one  was  eager  to  pay  him  ho- 
mage, and  brilliant  entertainments  were  prepared 
for  his  amufement.  He  was  received  with  univer- 
sal joy  as  the  harbinger  of  her  imperial  majefty, 
whofe  vifit  to  thefe  provinces  was  impatiently  ex- 
pected by  the  people  ;  and,  for  whofe  arrival,  he 
had  made  the  neceffary  preparations. 

Accordingly,  in  the  month  of  February,  1787, 
the  emprefs  arrived  at  Kiowie,  attended  by  a  nu- 

irous  and  magnificent  court,  and  accompanied 
by  feveral  minifters  of  foreign  powers  in  alliance 
wich  her.  Prince  Potemkin  and  General  Suwo- 
row  fet  oK  at  the  fame  time  ;  and  Field -Mar fha  I 
Romanzow  was  already  at  Kiowie,  in  the  character 
of  governor-general.  Many  travellers  of  diftinc- 
tion  reforted  thither  on  this  extraordinary  occafion  ; 
and,  as  the  imperial  court  remained  there  during 
feveral  weeks,  this  town  became  the  temporary  re- 
fidence  of  all  the  nobility  of  the  province. 

The  King  of  Poland  came  no  farther  than  Ka- 
nief,  on  the  Dnieper,  as,  according  to  the  confli- 


CAMPAIGNS. 


'5J 


rational  laws  of  his  country,  he  could  not  pafs  its 
frontiers.  He  there  received  every  mark  of  refpeft 
from  the  attendants  on  the  Ruffian  court,  and  par- 
ticularly diftinguifhed  General  Suworow,  whom 
he  had  known  during  the  war  of  the  confederation. 
A  few  days  after  his  arrival,  he  paid  a  vifit  to  the 
emprefs  on  board  a  veffel  on  the  Dnieper. 

During  the  refidence  of  the  court  at  Kiowie, 
Suworow  received  the  command  of  a  corps  on  the 
Bog,  to  which  he  had  not  hitherto  been  attached. 
This  arrangement  was  made  by  the  fpecial  order  of 
the  emprefs,  as  her  majefty  was  deiirous  that  he 
mould  always  be  on  duty  near  her. 

Immediately  after  the  fefiival  of  Eafter,  the  em- 
prefs continued  her  journey  to  Taurida.  The 
Emperor,  Jofeph  the  Second,  accompanied  her, 
under  the  title  of  Count  Falenftein,  and  as  he  al- 
ways wore  a  white  uniform,  many  perfons,  and 
Suworow  among  the  reft,  took  him  at  firft  for  a 
Ruffian  officer.  This  monarch,  who  was  wrell 
acquainted  with  the  extraordinary  talents  and  cha- 
racter of  Suworow,  frequently  converfed  with  him, 
upon  political  and  military  affairs,  during  his  refU 
dence  at  Cherfon. 

When  the  emprefs  actually  fet  out  for  Taurida, 
Suworow  took  the  command  of  a  body  of  cavalry 
at  Blankifna,  about  ten  miles  from  Cherfon,  on  the 
road  to  Pultawa ;  and  when  her  imperial  majefty 
returned  from  thence,  he  appeared  at  the  head  of 
his  corps,  to  do' her  ail  military  honour.  He  then 
efcorted  her  to  Pultawa,  where  fhe  gracioufly  dif« 
miffed  him,  with  the  prefent  of  a  box  enriched  with 
her  cypher  in  diamonds. 

vol.  h  U 


*54 


SUWOROw's 


Prince  Potemkln  afterwards  returned  to  his  go- 
vernment with  the  title  of  Tauritfcheflki,  governor 
of  Taurida  ;  and,  having  made  the  necerTary  ar- 
rangements there,  he  fet  out  to  vifit  his  eftate  at 
Smeale,  which  he  had  juft  purchafed  of  Prince 
Lubomidki,  on  the  frontiers  of  Poland.  General 
Suworow  accompanied  him  thither,  and  left  hiin 
in  the  month  of  Auguft,  to  take  the  command  of 
the  corps  of  Cherfon  and  Kinburn. 

During  this  journey  of  the  emprefs,  Bulgakow, 
the  Ruffian  minifler  at  Conftantinople,  came  from 
that  place,  in  order  to  pay  his  court  to  his  imperial 
miftrefs.  This  mark  of  refpett,  which  could  not  be 
well  avoided,  and  feemed  to  be  nothing  more  than 
what  the  etiquette  of  his  fituation  required,  gave 
umbrage  to  the  Porte  ;  whofe  uneafinefs  foon  be- 
came very  apparent.  Within  a  few  days  after  his 
arrival,  Bulgakow  received  information  that  his 
prefence  was  abfolutely  necelTary  at  Conftantinople  : 
he,  accordingly,  returned  there,  with  all  poffible 
fpeed,  and  found  the  predominant  party  in  the  Di- 
van difpofed  to  war. 

For  feveral  years  an  Ottoman  fleet  had  regularly 
been  feen  to  cruize  for  a  fhort  time  before  Ocza- 
kow ;  but  it  was  far  more  conflderable  than  it  had 
hitherto  been  in  the  fummer  of  1787.  It  confifted 
of  twelve  mips  of  the  line,  feven  frigates,  eight 
chebecs,  five  kirlangithfches,  and  twenty-five  gun- 
boats. 

The  Ruffian  fleet  at  Cherfon  was  very  inferior  in 
number  and  equipment  to  that  of  the  Turks  :  it 
was  moored  on  the  wertem  bank  of  the  Liman,  at 


CAMPAIGNS. 


155 


five  miles  from  Cherfon,  on  the  fide  of  Oczakow. 
Two  fliips  had  indeed  been  lately  launched  at  Cher- 
fon, in  the  prefence  of  the  emperor,  which  were 
called  the  Jofeph  and  Wolodimir ;  but  both  the 
one  and  the  other  were  without  equipage. 

Suworow,  with  his  ufual  attention,  examined  the 
country  that  furrounded  Cherfon,  and  made  the 
neceffary  diftribution  of  troops,  in  cafe  the  Turks 
fhould  attempt  an  attack  by  land  ;  or  effect  a  de- 
fcent  from  their  fliips.  He  fortified  with  great  care, 
the  bank  of  the  Dnieper  and  the  Bog,  to  guard 
the  fords  of  thofe  rivers  ;  and  paid  particular  at- 
tention to  the  peninfula  of  Kinburn.  He  had  under 
his  command  in  that  quarter  twelve  fquadrons  of 
light  horfe,  ten  fquadrons  of  dragoons,  four  regi- 
ments of  Coffacs,  and  four  battalions  of  fufileers, 
who  formed  a  camp  in  the  vicinity  of  Kinbuin. 

This  town  is  but  ill  defended  by  its  walls,  which 
are  furrounded  by  a  glacis.  The  ditch  is  but  mallow 
and  it  is  importable  to  encreafe  its  depth  ;  as  the 
ground  is  fandy,  and  water  is  found  very  near  the 
furface.  On  one  fide  of  the  glacis  is  the  mouth  of 
the  Dnieper,  and,  on  the  other  fide,  the  Black  Sea. 
There  was  in  the  bay  of  Kinburn  no  force  but  a 
fmgle  frigate  and  a  chaloupe  of  twelve  guns. 

There  was  a  regular  correfpondence  between 
Kinburn  and  Oczakow,  as  they  were  only  feparated 
by  a  fhort  palfage  of  two  miles  acrofs  the  mouth  of 
the  Dnieper.  Colonel  Dunzelmann,  who  com- 
manded at  Kinburn,  had  occafion  to  fend  an  officer 
to  the  Bacha  of  Oczakow.  When  the  official  con- 
vention was  concluded,  the  Bacha  ordered  his 


SU  WO ROW'S 


people  to  retire,  and  enquired  of  the  officer  con- 
cerning the  news  of  the  day;  who  having  replied, 
that  he  had  none  to  communicate,  the  honeft  open- 
hearted  Bacha  informed  him  that  the  turbulent 
heads  at  Conftantinople  had  declared  war  againd 
Ruffia,  and  that  the  iurkifh  fleet  would  foon  be 
in  motion,  to  attack  the  two  vefTels  in  the  bay  of 
Kinburn.  To  complete  his  liberal  procedure,  the 
Bacha  ordered  a  Tfchautfch  (a  kind  of  patrole)  to 
attend  the  officer  as  an  efcort ;  and  the  event  prov- 
ed the  neceffity  of  the  precaution  ;  ashe  was  attacked 
on  his  return  by  two  Turks,  whom  the  guard  re- 
pulfed  and  conducted  him  fafe  to  Kinburn. 

In  the  afternoon  of  the  following  day,  Auguft: 
19,  1787,  the  intelligence  of  the  Bacha  was  reali- 
zed, for  the  frigate  and  gun-boat  were  fiercely  at- 
tacked by  feveral  Turkifh  velfels.  The  engage- 
ment lafted  fome  time  ;  and  the  gun-boat  not  ma- 
king fufficient  way  in  following  the  frigate,  was  in 
danger  of  being  cut  off;  but  the  officer  who  com- 
manded her,  having  fired  a  broad-fide  with  fuch 
effect  at  the  velTel  that  was  firft  in  purfuit,  as  to 
fink  it  ;  the  reft  did  not  venture  to  rifk  a  fimilar 
fate.  Another  of  the  Turkifh  vefTels  alfo  founder- 
ed ;  fo  that  the  Ruffian  frigate  and  chaloupe, 
though  they  had  greatly  fuftered,  at  length  efcaped, 
and  retreated  to  Gluboka,  where  they  were  re- 
paired. 

Thus  did  hoftilitxes  break  out  on  the  part  of  the 
Turks,  without  a  preliminary  declaration  of  war. 
From  that  moment  the  Ruffians  kept  themfelves 
upon  their  guard ;  and  employed  every  necefTary 
precaution.    Suworow  accordingly  took  the  com- 


CAMPAIGNS, 


»57 


mand  of  Kinbum  upon  himfelf,  and  ceded  that  of 
Cherfon  to  General  Bilikow.  The  whole  of  the 
troops  under  his  command  amounted  to  about 
thirty  thoufand  men. 

As  the  Turks  had  a  very  fuperior  force  at  fea, 
and  were  in  a  condition  to  give  an  irreparable  blow 
to  the  naval  force  of  Ruflia  in  the  Black  Sea,  the 
firfl  care  of  Suworow  was  to  fecure  the  bay  of 
Gluboka,  and  the  marine  of  Cherfon.  He  accor- 
dingly ordered  a  battery  to  be  erected  before  Glu- 
boka, of  twenty  pieces  of  cannon,  eighteen  and 
twenty-four  pounders,  to  command  both  the  en- 
trances ;  and  five  leffer  batteries  on  the  ifland  below 
Cherfon,  in  order  to  produce  a  crofs  fire. 

The  Turks  took  a  vefTel  laden  with  provifions, 
and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bog  they  furprized,  in  a 
public  houfe,  about  twenty  CofTacs  and  Ukraine 
peafants,  who  were  either  cut  in  pieces  or  made 
prifoners. 

They  now  commenced  the  bombardment  of 
Kinburn,  which  continued  feveral  days  without 
interruption.  Three  of  their  bombs  fell  in  the 
barrack  of  the  commandant,  and  the  tent  of  Gene- 
ral Suworow  was  carried  away  by  the  explofion  of 
a  fhell. 

The  place,  however,  made  a  very  vigorous  de- 
fence. Two  of  the  enemy's  frigates,  which  had 
ventured  to  approach  too  near,  fullered  very  fe- 
verely  for  their  temerity  ;  and  mips  of  the  line  af- 
terwards kept  at  a  greater  riifbnce.  One  of  them 
was  blown  up  by  the  negligence  cf  fom.e  of  its 
crew. 


SUWOROW's 


At  the  clofe  of  this  month  Admiral  Woinowitfch 
fet  fail  from  Sewaftopol  for  the  coaft  of  Varna. 
His  fleet  confided  of  two  vefTels  of  the  line,  three 
frigates,  and  twelve  fmall  vefiels  ;  but  was  fo  un- 
fortunate as  to  encounter  a  violent  ftorm,  which 
difperfed  his  mips.  A  line-of-battle  fhip,  of  fixty- 
fix  guns,  which  had  fufTered  very  much  in  its  mails 
and  rigging,  was  taken  by  the  Turks  j  and  a  frigate 
v/ent  to  the  bottom  with  its  whole  equipage.  The 
admiral  had  fcarce  collected  his  Scattered  fleet, 
when  he  was  attacked  by  the  Turks,  and  an  en- 
gagement followed  :  but  the  Ruflians,  notwith- 
standing their  lofles,  and  the  bad  condition  of  their 
lhips,  obtained  the  advantage  of  the  enemy,  and 
happily  reached  their  deftination. 

The  gun-boats  of  the  Ruflians,  and  their  double 
chaloupes,  prefented  themfelves  at  fome  diftance 
from  Gluboka,  to  tempt  the  Turks  towards  them, 
that  they  might  feize  the  favourable  moment  of 
attacking  them.  The  ftratagem  fucceeded  ;  the 
Turks  commenced  their  manoceuvres  with  their 
chaloupes  and  other  vefiels ;  but,  after  an  engage- 
ment, which  was  attended  with  no  fignal  confe- 
quences  on  either  fide,  they  were  driven  back  into 
Oczakow. 

On  the  thirtieth  of  September,  the  fire  of  the 
Turks,  upon  Kinburn,  was  better  fuftained  than  it 
had  hitherto  been,  and  continued,  without  inter- 
ruption, to  a  very  late  hour  of  the  night.  Suwo- 
row,  from  his  observations  on  the  enemy's  move- 
ments, conjectured  that  they  actually  meditated 
a  defcent  upon  the  ifland.  He  accordingly  prepa- 
red himfelf  for  the  event,  and  forbade  a  Angle 
gun  to  be  fired,  on  the  fide  of  the  Ruflians. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


On  the  morrow,  at  break  of  day,  the  Turks 
recommenced  their  bombardment ;  but  the  town 
made  no  return,  nor  was  the  morning  gun  fired. 
A  great  number  of  balls  and  bombs  fell  in  the. 
camp,  and  feveral  tents  were  carried  away.  As 
that  day  was  a  feftival  of  the  Greek  church,  Su- 
worow  attended  mafs,  with  a  confiderable  number 
of  his  officers. 

In  the  mean  time  thirty  chaloupes,  full  of  troops, 
afcended  the  Liman,  to  about  three  miles  above 
Kinburn  ;  but  they  were  no  fooner  difembarked, 
than  they  were  difcovered  by  fome  CofTacs,  who 
were  pofted  upon  a  hill  of  fand.  They  fir  ft  ima- 
gined the  Turks  to  be  deferters  ;  but  when  they 
found  their  miftake,  an  engagement  enfued,  and 
the  invaders  were  driven  back  to  their  vefTels. 
The  Turks  had  fuppofed,  that  Suworow  would 
difpatch  a  detachment  againft  thefe  people,  who 
were  devoted  to  deftru&ion,  and  proportionably 
weaken  his  garrifon.  But  he  was  not  the  dupe  of 
fuch  a  ftratagem. 

At  nine  in  the  morning,  the  Turks  began  to  dif- 
embark  their  troops.  The  engineer  Lafitte  directed 
the  operation  ;  which  the  Ruffians  beheld  without 
offering  the  leaft  interruption.  All  their  veflels, 
great  and  fmall,  approached  at  different  diftances  ; 
and,  to  cover  them,  they  had  formed  a  flrong 
ftoccado,  at  the  point  of  the  peninfula,  and  at  half 
a  mile  from  the  place. 

The  troops  which  were  employed  on  the  defcent 
were  the  flower  of  the  garrifon  of  Oczakow,  a- 
mounting  to  fix  thoufand  men,  and  were  entirely 


100 


SUWOROW'S 


infantry.  The  Bacha,  who  commanded,  had,  in 
order  to  invigorate  their  courage,  ordered  ail  the 
tranfport-vefTels  to  return,  that  they  might  have  no 
other  alternative,  but  to  do  their  duty,  as  became 
them,  or  to  find  deftruclion  in  the  fea,  if  they  fled 
from  the  land.  The  detachment  which  the  Ruffians 
had  to  oppofe  them,  was  fomewhat  lefs  than  a  thou- 
fand  infantry,  which  was  afterwards  reinforced  by 
four  regiments  of  ColTacs,  and  about  a  thoufand 
cavalry. 

The  Turks  were  no  fooner  difembarked,  than 
they  began  to  form  entrenchments ;  but  the  water 
gained  upon  them  fo  faft,  from  a  caufe  which  has 
been  already  explained,  that  they  could  not  give 
fufficient  depth  to  their  works.  They,  however, 
fupplied  this  defect,  by  filling  the  facks,  with  which 
they  had  the  precaution  to  provide  themfelves,  with 
fand,  and  they  ferved  as  a  rampart. 

At  noon,  their  dervifes  offered  up  the  accuftcmed 
prayers,  and  the  troops  made  their  pious  ablutions 
in  the  Black  Sea.  They  then  returned  to  their 
entrenchments,  and  proceeded  in  completing  their 
works. 

Suworow  had  given  orders,  that  not  a  fingle 
(hot  mould  be  difcharged,  or  any  fortie  made,  till 
the  enemy  were  within  two  hundred  yards  of  the 
glacis.  The  fignai  ordered  for  thefe  operations, 
was  a  falute  of  artillery,  from  all  the  polygons 
which  were  on  that  fide  of  the  place. 

At  one,  the  TurkHh  advanced  guard  appeared 
at  the  diftance  named  in  the  general's  order  ;  when 


CAMP  AIGNS« 


the  fignal  was  inftantly  given,  and  as  quickly  obey- 
ed. Colonel  Ifeiow  with  his  regiment,  a  regiment 
of  Coflacs,  and  two  fquadrons  of  light  horfe, 
turned  the  place  to  the  left  of  the  Black  Sea,  and 
fell  upon  the  advanced  guard,  who  were  bringing 
up  the  fcaling- ladders.  They  confided  of  fome 
hundred  men,  and  were  cut  in  pieces,  or  put  to 
the  fword.  The  Bacha,  who  refufed  to  furrender, 
fhared  the  fame  fate.  He  was  well  acquainted  with 
the  town  of  Kinburn,  and  had  fixed  on  this  fide  of 
ir,  from  knowing  it  to  be  the  leafl  capable  of  refift- 
ance. 

In  the  mean  time,  Orlow's  regiment  of  infantry, 
Tallied  forth  from  the  place,  with  the  cavalry  ; 
paffed  through  the  right  wing  of  the  enemy  ;  threw 
themfelves  into  the  intrenchments,  and  with  the 
bayonet,  difpatched  ail  who  oppofed  them. 

The  Turkifh  mips  cannonaded,  with  more  than 
fix  hundred  pieces  of  artillery,  the  front  and  flanks 
of  the  troops,  which  had  come  forth  from  the 
town,  but  without  any  very  dettru&ive  effect. 

At  this  time,  the  Colonels  of  the  Orlow  and  II- 
loweifki  regiments  arrived  with  them,  and  followed 
the  cavalry  towards  the  Black  Sea.  They  fought 
with  infinite  fpirit,  as  well  as  perfeverence,  and 
acquired  great  honour.  Suworow  now  ordered 
the  two  battalions  of  Kafelow  to  advance,  which 
compofed  the  referve.  Major-General  Reck,  who 
commanded  them,  was  dangeroufly  wounded  in  the 
leg,  and  carried  off  the  field.  But  neither  thefe 
battalions,  nor  two  fquadrons  of  light-horfe,  who 
fupported  them,  could  refift  the  force  and  fiercenefs 

VOL,  I.  X 


SUWORÖW'S 


of  the  enemy  :  they  faced  about  and  fled,  and  the 
Turks,  with  their  fabres  and  their  poniards,  made 
fad  havock  among  them. 

Suworow  had  a  very  narrow  efcape ;  having  had 
his  horfe  Ihot  under  him  by  a  cannon-ball ;  he  ad- 
drefled  himfelf  to  a  Turk,  for  an  horfe  which  he 
had  juft  taken,  and  whom  he  miftook  for  a  Coflac, 
as  the  Turks  had  only  difembarked  infantry.  But 
he  now  found  his  miftake,  and  the  fabre  was  up- 
lifted, which  would  have  deftroyed  him,  if  its  de- 
fcending  ftroke  had  not  been  arrefted  by  the  thruft 
of  a  bayonet,  from  a  fufileer  of  Nouikow. 

The  fituation  of  the  Ruffians  became  very  criti- 
cal. They  were  overpowered  by  numbers,  and 
compelled  to  retire  to  the  Glacis.  From  time  to 
time  they  appeared  to  recover  themfelves,  and  to 
gain  ground  ;  but  the  Turks  having  received  a 
large  reinforcement,  their  efforts  failed  ;  the  car- 
nage became  general ;  the  dead,  the  dying,  and  the 
wounded,  were  feen  on  all  fides ;  and  the  hoftile 
troops  were  fo  confounded,  that,  on  both  fides, 
the  artillery  were  commanded  to  difcontinue  its 
operations. 

While  the  bloody  career  of  flaughter  was  pro- 
ceeding, a  Turkifh  chebec  and  gun-boat,  which 
approached  within  reach  of  the  cannon  of  the  place, 
blew  up,  with  a  moft  horrid  explofion. 

The  day  was  now  faft  declining,  when  ten  fqua- 
drons  of  light  horfe  arrived  from  their  poft,  at  the 
di (lance  of  four  miles  behind  Kinburn  :  but,  from 
the  nature  of  the  ground,  they  were  compelled  t« 


CAMPAIGNS. 


charge  the  Turks  in  a  mafs.  At  this  time,  the  in- 
fantry  began  to  recover  itfelf ;  and  the  Coflacs 
coming,  from  the  fea-fide,  upon  their  flanks,  the 
Turks  began,  in  their  turn,  to  give  way  to  this 
united  force.  They  oppofed  a  defence  full  of  vi- 
gour, which  was  rouzed  almoft  to  madnefs  by  their 
enraged  Dervifes,  who  mingled  in  the  battle,  and 
excited  the  Mahometans  to  combat.  Thefe  men 
became  the  martyrs  of  their  zeal,  and  the  death 
they  inflamed  others  to  feek,  they  themfelves  found. 

The  night  now  came  on,  and  there  was  no  moon. 
At  this  time  there  arrived  a  fmali  battalion  of  Mu- 
runi  of  three  hundred  men,  who  came  from  the 
fide  of  Cherfon,  worn  out  with  fatigue  ;  and  two 
companies  of  referve,  employed  to  guard  the  bag- 
gage behind  Kinburn.  This  reinforcement,  how- 
ever, decided  the  battle. 

The  Turks,  finding  themfelves  driven  back  to- 
wards the  fea,  turned  upon  their  purfuers  in  def- 
pair.  Their  laft  fire  continued  for  about  half  an 
hour,  when  they  were  totally  defeated,  being  cut 
to  pieces,  or  driven  into  the  fea.  Some  of  the 
fugitives,  however,  who,  when  they  faw  that  their 
run-a-way  comrades  were  loft  in  the  waves,  at- 
tempted, but  in  vain,  to  return  to  the  charge. 
Others  flattered  themfelves  that  they  fhould  efcaps 
by  fwimming  to  Oczakow,  but  they  likewife  pe- 
rifhed. 

About  ten  at  night,  this  bloody  action,  which 
had  lafted  nine  hours,  was  terminated.  Twice  the 
Ruflians  were  overpowered  by  numbers  ;  never- 
thelefs,  the  far  greater  part  of  the  Turkifh  army 


SUWOROW** 


was  left  on  the  field,  or  periflied  in  the  fea.  A 
very  fmall  number  of  them  efcaped. 

As  night  was  approaching,  Suworow  received  a 
mufket  (hot  in  the  left  arm.  The  wound  difchar- 
ged  a  great  quantity  of  blood,  and  there  was  no 
furgeon  about  him  to  drefs  it.  He  went,  therefore, 
to  the  fea  fide  ;  and  an  officer  of  Coffacs,  of  Ku- 
tenikow,  who,  followed  with  fome  men,  warned 
his  wound  with  fea  water,  and  bound  it  up  with 
his  cravat.  With  this  dreffing  he  re-mounted  his 
horfe,  and  returned  to  the  field  of  battle.  The 
Coffac  officer  was  himfelf  wounded,  as  were  aH 
thofe  who  were  about  Suworow's  perfon  during 
the  engagement.  Tifchenko,  a  light- horfe  man, 
was  his  orderly  attendant  for  the  day,  and  was  the 
only  perfon,  lb  fituated,  who  efcaped  free  from 
hurt.  He  was  made  ferjeant-major,  as  a  iecom- 
penfe  for  the  fervices  of  the  day. 

When  all  was  over,  and  the  troops  were  order- 
ed to  re-enter  the  place,  the  cannonade  fuddenly 
re-commenced,  but  it  lafted  a  very  fhort  time.  A 
body  of  the  Turks,  who  were  not  in  the  a&ion, 
conceiving  that  the  place  was  entirely  without  a 
garrifon,  hoped  to  take  it  by  an  attack  from  be- 
hind, but  they  weie  foon  repulfed. 

Suworow  found  himfelf  extremely  weak  on  his 
return  to  Kinburn.  His  wound  was  drefled  by  a 
furgeon,  who  wilhed  him  to  take  refrelhments  ; 
but  he  was  too  much  fatigued,  and  he  grew  rather 
worfe  after  the  operation. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


This  battle  coft  the  Ruffians  two  hundred  killed, 
among  whom  were  many  fuperior  officers,  and 
three  hundred  wounded. 

Of  the  army  of  fix  thoufand  men,  which  the 
Turks  had  difembarked,  not  more  than  feven  hun- 
dred efcaped.  The  reft  were  either  flain  or  drown- 
ed. Among  the  dead  there  was  a  French  engineer: 
As  to  Lafitte,  who  directed  the  defcent,  he  difap- 
peared  before  it  was  night. 

Major- General  Iflinief,  who  was  at  the  diftance 
of  eight  miles  behind  Kinburn,  found  it  impoffible 
to  reach  it,  with  his  referve  of  ten  fquadrons  of 
dragoons,  till  the  action  was  over. 

Whether  the  Turks  had  exhaufted  all  their  am- 
munition, or  were  difcouraged  by  the  bad  fuccefs 
of  their  enterprize,  is  not  a  queltion  that  demands 
a  moment's  confideration  ;  but  they  difcontinued 
firing  upon  the  place,  and  to  the  time  of  their  de- 
parture for  the  Dardanelles,  their  artillery  was 
filent ;  and  the  tour  of  the  peninfula  might  be  made 
at  any  time  without  the  leaft  danger. 

On  the  morrow,  at  break  of  day,  Suworow, 
who  was  perfectly  recovered,  obferved  from  the 
ramparts,  that  a  body  of  Turks  were  employed  at 
the  point  of  the  ifland  in  removing  their  dead  and 
wounded.  He  therefore  detached  Ifeiow  with  his 
CofTacs  to  drive  them  away  ;  and,  in  a  fliort  time 
after,  he  faw  a  fmall  Turkifh  tranfport  founder, 
from  being  overcharged  with  people. 


SUWÖROW's 


The  whole  of  this  day  was  paffed  in  burying  the 
dead,  and  attending  to  the  wounded.  On  the 
morrow,  divine  fervice  was  celebrated,  and  public 
thanks  returned  to  God  for  this  fignai  victory. — 
At  an  early  hour  of  the  morning,  the  troops  were 
ordered  under  arms ;  and  were  drawn  up,  in  dif- 
ferent detachments,  from  the  point  of  the  penin- 
fula  to  a  confiderable  diftance  from  the  town. 
They  accompanied  the  Te  Deum  with  three  dif- 
charges  of  muiketry  and  heavy  artillery.  The 
greater  part  of  the  wounded  foldiers  infilled  on 
being  admitted  into  the  ranks  on  this  occafion  : 
and  Suworow  enjoyed  this  glorious  fpectacle  from 
the  ramparts  of  the  town.  As  the  front  of  the  line 
prefented  itfelf  towards  Oczakow,  great  numbers 
of  Turks  were  feen  running  to  the  more,  on  hear- 
ing the  thunder  of  the  cannonade,  which  celebrated 
their  defeat. 

The  defign  of  the  Turks,  from  the  commence- 
ment of  hoftilities,  was  to  make  themfelves  matters 
of  Kinburn.  It  was  but  a  weak  place,  and  the 
pofTeflion  of  its  peninfula  would  have  given  them  a 
very  great  advantage  in  any  future  attempts  they 
might  meditate,  for  the  retaking  of  Cherfon  and 
the  Crimea.  They  alfo  entertained  the  hope,  that, 
by  taking  it,  they  mould  have  had  the  power  to 
difperfe,  if  not  to  burn  the  fleet  of  Gluboka  and  the 
marine  of  Cherfon. 

The  Rufiian  fleet  at  Gluboka  confifted  of  two 
new  mips,  not  put  in  commiflion,  called  the  Jofeph 
and  the  Wold  emir,  two  other  vefTels  of  fifty-four 
guns,  one  of  forty  guns,  three  gailies,  three  gun- 
boats, and  twenty  final!  veffejs,  including  the  trans- 
ports. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


TheTurkifh  fleet  before  Oczakow,  confided  of 
three  fhips  of  the  line,  one  frigate,  eight  chebecs, 
and  thirty-two  gallies  and  gun-boats. 

But  the  ill-fuccefs  of  this  enterprife,  in  which  the 
Turks  engaged  with  fuch  fanguine  expectations  of 
fuccefs,  put  an  end  to  all  their  hopes.  As  foon  as 
the  news  of  their  defeat  reached  Conflantinople, 
the  confirmation  was  general,  nor  was  it  leflened 
by  the  reflection,  that  the  war  had  been  commenced 
in  an  unufual  way,  and  contrary  to  the  practice  of 
civilized  nations,  without  a  previous  declaration  of 
war.  The  Porte  flattered  itfejf  that  the  Ruiuans 
would  not  have  had  time  to  prepare  for  the  defence 
of  Kinburn;  and  that  it  would  not  be  poflible  for 
that  place  to  hold  out  a  day,  againfi  the  flower  of 
the  garrifon  of  Oczakow. 

The  emprefs  gave  a  vety  difllnguiflied  mark  of 
her  fatisfaction  to  Suworow,  in  addrefling  to  him 
the  following  letter,  written  with  her  own  hand. 

Petersburg,  October  17,  17 87. 

Alexander  Bqfdowctfch. 

"  This  day  Te  Deum  has  been  fung  in  our  pre- 
"  fence,  on  a  public  thankfgiving  for  the  firlt  vic- 
"  tory  which  has  been  granted  to  our  arms,  fince 
"  the  opening  of  this  campaign,  on  the  firft  of  this 
"  month.  An  account  of  thofe  acts  of  zeal,  inde- 
"  fatigable  activity,  and  exemplary  bravery,  by 
"  which  you  have  fignalized  yourfelf,  as  well  as 
<J  the  troops,  under  your  command,  in  the  defence 
"  of  Kinburn,  was  then  publicly  read. 
m 


su  wo  row's 


"  The  reports  of  our  Field-Marfhal  Prince  Po. 
<c  temkin  Tauritfcheftki  are  filled  with  honourable 
*6  teftimonies  on  this  fubjeft.  We  experience  a 
"  fincere  pleafure  in  making  known  our  acknow- 
"  ledgmenrs  to  you,  as  well  as  to  the  officers  and 
"  military  of  every  degree,  who  have  co-operated 
"  with  you  in  this  glorious  action. 

"  We  feel  for  your  wounds ;  and  we  pray  God 
7  that  he  will  be  pleafed  fpeedily  to  heal  thofe 
c<  which  you  have  received,  in  defending  the  reli- 
cc  gion  and  frontiers  of  the  empire,  and  to  haften 
<c  the  cure  of  all  thofe  who  are  fick.  We  are,  with 
u  peculiar  good-will,  your  affectionate, 

"  CATHERINE." 

In  the  courfeof  a  few  weeks,  Suworow  received 
a  fecond  letter,  with  the  order  of  Saint  Andrew, 
which  is  the  firft  of  the  empire  ;  and  fix  croffes  of 
Saint  George,  to  be  diflributed  according  to  his 
judgment,  to  the  moft  diftinguifhed  among  the 
officers.  Befides  this,  many  of  the  officers  were 
advanced  ;  and  two  hundred  foldiers  received  the 
filver  medal,  with  fome  additional  gratification. 

The  garrifon  of  Oczakow  was  compofed  of  twelve 
thoufand  men,  janhTaries  and  other  infantry  ;  but 
it  was  very  weak  in  cavalry.  It  now  found  itfelf 
reduced  to  one  half  of  its  original  ftrength  ;  by  the 
lofs  of  fix  thoufand  of  its  fined  troops,  who  fell 
before  Kinburn  :  while  many  of  its  inhabitants  a- 
bandoned  it,  from  the  apprehenfion,  that  the  Ruf- 
fians would  find  the  means  of  making  themfelves 
mafters  of  it.  The  feafon,  however,  was  now  too 
much  advanced  to  admit  of  fuch  an  enterprizc 


CAMPAIGNS» 


On  the  twentieth  of  October,  the  whole  of  the 
Turkifh  fleet  returned  to  Conftantinople.  But  a 
fhort  time  before  its  departure,  a  very  ftrong  guft 
of  wind  had  broken  the  cables  of  a  Ruffian  cha- 
loupe,  which,  being  thus  feparated  from  the  reft  of 
the  fleet,  was  taken  by  the  Turks. 

In  a  few  days  after  the  battle,  Suworow  erected 
redoubts  of  communication,  which  he  furnifhed 
with  fufficient  garrifons,  and  then  difmiflfed  the  reft 
of  the  troops  to  winter  quarters.  As  he  was  con- 
fcious  of  the  weak  ftate  of  Kinburn  ;  he  made  fuch 
difpofitions  as  to  fecure  it  from  furprize  on  the  fide 
of  Oczakow  \  and  he  gave  orders  that,  as  foon  as 
the  Liman  mould  be  frozen,  the  ice  mould  be  con- 
tinually broken.  The  general  himfelf  remained  at 
Kinburn. 


VOL.  X. 


t 


SUWOROW's 


CHAP.  VIII. 

Jn  confequence  of  the  new  diftribution  of 
the  army,  Suworow's  divifion,  which  Prince  Po- 
temkin  had  confiderably  augmented  fince  the  pre- 
ceding year,  was  very  much  ftrengthened  in  the 
fpring  of  1788,  by  a  considerable  fleet,  and  a  great 
number  of  row-boats,  in  the  Black  Sea.  The  firfr, 
which  was  commanded  by  Paul  Jones,  confided  of 
five  veffels  of  the  line,  from  fixty-fix  to  eighty 
guns,  and  eight  frigates.  The  fecond,  commanded 
by  the  prince  of  Nafiau-Siegen,  was  compofed  of 
fixty-five  light  veffels,  gallies,  floating-batteries, 
chaloupes,  gun-boats,  and  eighty  Turkifh  boats 
mounted  with  one  gun,  the  whole  manned  by  three 
thoufand  Coffacs.  The  fecond  fleet  carried  four 
hundred  pieces  of  cannon. 

The  Turkifh  fleet,  which  was  commanded  by  the 
famous  Haflan  Bacha,  high  admiral  appeared  before 
Oczakow  at  the  end  of  May.  It  confifted  of  ten 
velfels  of  the  line,  fix  frigates,  four  bomb-ketches, 
fix  chebecs,  fifteen  gun  boats,  nineteen  kirklan- 
gitfchs,  and  nine  feluccas.  He  had  left  another 
fleet  about  fix  miles  from  land,  confifting  of  eight 
fhips  of  the  line,  eight  frigates,  twenty-one  chebecs, 
and  three  bomb-ketches. 

While  the  Turkifh  fquadron  was  approaching 
the  fliore,  Captain  Sacken  was  behind  Kinburn 
with  a  double  chaloupe.  He  had  been  ordered  to 
repair  to  Gluboka  ;  but  had  deferred  it  by  an  ex- 
cefs  of  zeal  :  when  therefore  he  faw  the  Turkifh 


campaigns; 


flotilla  in  the  waters  of  the  Liman,  he  leaped  into 
his  veflel,  with  a  determination  to  pafs  through 
them  ;  but  as  fhe  was  a  heavy  failer,  he  wes  envel- 
loped  by  fix  or  eight  light  veffels  of  the  enemy,  two 
of  which  attempted  to  board  him.  In  this  fituation, 
he  ordered  all  his  people  to  efcape  from  the  veflel 
as  well  as  they  could  remaining  there  alone  with  the 
greateft  intrepidity ;  and  that  the  chaloupe  might 
not  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Turks,  he  himfelf  fet 
fire  to  the  powder,  and  was  blown  up  in  the  fight 
of  a  crowd  of  people  who  were  afiembled  on  the 
fhore  at  Kinburn.  The  two  Turkifh  boats,  which 
were  near  him,  received  confiderable  damage  from 
the  expiofion. 

The  fmall  flotilla  of  the  Turks  afcended  the  Li- 
man, for  the  purpofe  of  reconnoitring.  About 
five  miles  above  Kinburn,  there  were  Coflacs  of 
Tfchornomor  in  their  canoes,  and  two  battalions  of 
fufileers  on  the  bank.  The  Turks,  though  at  a 
confiderable  diftance  from  land,  fired  upon  the 
troops,  and  reached  the  camp  with  their  heavy  can- 
non. The  Coflacs  of  Tfchornomor,  who  were 
nearer  to  them,  returned  their  fire.  This  cannon- 
ade continued  during  feveral  hours  ;  and  the  velfels 
retired  without  having  brought  on  a  regular  en- 
gagement. Similar  attempts  were  afterwards  oc- 
casionally renewed  by  them. 

The  whole  of  the  Ruflia  fleet  was  before  Glubo- 
ka  :  the  fleet  of  row-boats,  the  advanced  guard  ; 
and  the  failing  fleet  was  in  order  of  battle,  with  a 
very  ftrong  rear-guard.  The  fleet  at  Ocaakow 
was  at  about  the  diftance  of  feven  miles. 


\ 


172 


SUWOROW'S 


The  Prince  of  NafTau  detached  his  advanced 
guard.  It  met  that  of  the  Turks,  and  an  engage- 
ment enfued.  It  was  the  defign  of  the  Ruffians  to 
get,  if  poffible,  the  Turks  behind  them ,  and,  in 
order  to  effect  it,  their  veffels  retreated  one  after 
the  other.  Deceived  by  this  manoeuvre,  the  whole 
Turkifh  fleet  immediately  purfued  them,  under 
the  very  guns  of  the  principal  fleet,  which  did  it 
confiderable  injury.  It  then  retired  in  a  very  da- 
maged Mate,  and  prefled  very  clofe  by  the  Prince 
of  Naffau,  who  purfued  it  in  his  turn  under  the 
cannon  of  the  Turkifh  fleet. 

They  loft  five  veffels,  which  were  funk,  with 
the  greateft  part  of  the  crews  ;  and  their  lofs  would 
have  been  very  confiderable,  if  the  Ruffians  had 
riot  been  oppofed  by  an  unfavourable  wind.  The 
latter  alfo  loft  a  frigate,  but  the  people  on  board, 
and  the  cannon,  were  preferved. 

Such  was  the  commencement  of  the  naval  war- 
fare between  the  two  extending  powers  on  the 
Black  Sea.  Similar  engagements  were  continued 
for  feveral  fucccedmg  days  ;  but  without  any  deci- 
five  effect  or  fuperiority  on  either  fide. 

Suworow  now  ordered  a  battery  to  be  erected 
on  the  point  of  the  peninfula,  in  order  to  command 
the  two  currents.  It  was  foon  completed  ;  but  as 
the  nature  of  the  ground  would  not  admit  of  dig- 
ging deep,  a  fmall  parapet  was  formed  with  heaps 
of  fand.  It  was  furnifhed  with  twenty-four  pieces 
of  artillery,  carrying  from  eighteen  to  twenty  four 
pounders,  which  were  to  be  maiked  by  fand- bank?, 
till  they  were  wanted  for  fervice. 


CAMPAIGN*. 


I73 


A  furnace  was  alfo  conftru&ed,  to  heat  balls  ; 
and  as  this  battery  was  placed  at  the  diftance  of 
half  a  mile  from  the  place,  it  required  a  propor- 
tionable force  to  defend  it  :  the  two  battalions  of 
Orlow  were  therefore  detached  for  its  defence,  and 
diftributed  in  the  interval. 

The  objecl  of  this  difpofition  was  to  relieve  the 
troops,  as  it  allowed  one  half  of  them  to  repofe, 
while  the  other  was  on  duty.  Neverthelefs,  their 
fervice  was  attended  with  very  unpleafant,  and 
even  dangerous  circumftances  :  as  they  remained 
night  and  day  on  the  very  fpot,  where  tne  numer- 
ous dead  had  been  interred  the  preceding  year, 
after  the  affair  of  the  firft  of  Oclober.  The  fea 
water,  which  occafionally  filterated  through  the 
fand,  had,  in  fome  degree,  checked  the  courfe  of 
corruption  in  the  bodies,  fo  that  at  this  diftance  of 
time,  there  exhaled,  particularly  at  fun-rife,  a 
fceted  and  peftilential  vapour,  that  brought  on  an 
epidemical  dileale,  of  which  feveral  of  the  foldiers 
died.  There  appeared  to  be  no  other  way  of  ef- 
caping  the  danger,  but  by  bathing  in  the  fea,  and 
ufmg  exercife. 

Suworow,  who  had  not  confidered  this  danger- 
ous circumftance  with  proper  attention  to  himfelf, 
and  had  always  continued  with  his  troops,  was  one 
day  on  the  very  moment  of  fainting  from  the  infect- 
ed effluvia  ;  but  by  inftantly  bathing  in  the  fea, 
the  threatening  fymptoms  were  removed. 

In  the  night  of  the  twenty -feventh  of  June,  the 
High  Admiral,  Haffan  Bacha*  undertook  a  vay 
rafh  and  daring  enterprize. 


"74 


SUWOROw's 


Between  Oczakow  and  Gluboka,  there  is  a  large 
range  of  land  banks,  which  form  fhoals,  that  a 
fhip  of  a  moderate  fize  cannot  pafs  over  without 
touching.  Neverthelefs,  he  ventured  with  his 
large  mips,  after  having  pafTed  the  currents,  under 
the  direction  of  fkilful  pilots,  to  form  his  fleet  in 
two  lines,  in  the  very  face  of  the  Ruffian  Ihips ; 
his  principal  vefTels  forming  the  firil  line  ;  and  his 
row  -boats  compofing  the  fecond. 

The  Turks  looked  with  contempt  on  the  feeble 
fquadron  of  the  Ruffians,  and  fired  during  the 
night,  as  if  they  had  been  confident  of  victory. 
As  foon  as  it  was  day,  they  came  down  in  full  fail 
upon  them,  and  the  engagement  began. 

The  Ruffian  fleet  was  formed  with  their  row- 
boats  in  front,  and  their  fhips  in  the  rear.  And 
the  diftant  firing  of  the  heavy  artillery  had  not 
been  continued  during  an  hour,  when  one  of  the 
fined  Turkifh  fhips,  of  feventy  guns,  went  a-ground, 
without  a  poffibility  of  being  faved.  In  a  fhorfc 
time  after,  the  Admiral's  fhip,  of  eighty  guns, 
ihared  the  fame  fate  :  two  frigates  of  forty  guns, 
with  feveral  light  veflels,  haftened  towards  them, 
to  haul  them  off;  but  the  firfl  frigate  touched  the 
ground  herfelf,  and  the  others  were  therefore  pre- 
vented from  making  a  nearer  approach. 

The  Prince  of  NaiTau  ordered  a  large  part  of  his 
rowing  vefTels  to  attack  the  fhips  a-ground  ;  for,  as 
they  drew  but  little  water,  they  could  come  near 
enough  to  board  them  5  his  flotilla,  however,  was 
received  with  a  brifk  difcharge  of  grenades  and 
mufketry,  and  loft  many  of  its  people.  Neverthe* 


CAMPAIGNS. 


l7S 


lefs,  the  Ruffians  perfevered  in  their  defign  with 
great  courage,  and,  at  length,  fucceeded  in  getting 
their  veffels  on  each  fide  the  admiral's  fhip,  when 
the  Coffacs  of  Tfchornomor  leaped  on  board  it. 
The  red  hot  balls  having  fet  the  grounded  mips  on 
fire,  they  were  left  to  their  fate. 

In  this  fituation  every  poffible  exertion  was  made 
to  fave  the  people,  while  many  of  them  leaped  into 
the  water,  and  were  taken  prifoners  by  the  tha- 
loupes.  The  captains  of  the  three  veffels  were  of 
that  number.  There  was  a  considerable  quantity 
of  money  on  board  the  Turks,  and  the  Ruffians 
did  not  fail  to  bring  away  as  large  a  booty  as  the 
time  would  permit.  Several  fmailer  veffels  went 
upon  the  land-banks,  and  others  were  towed  off. 
After  a  combat  of  four  hours,  the  victory  was  de- 
cifive. 

Haffan  Bacha  remained,  during  the  whole  of 
the  action,  on  board  his  barge,  and  difplayed  the 
greateft  intrepidity.  Some  of  the  Ruffian  row- 
boats  cannonaded  him,  but  without  effect.  The 
Prince  of  Naffau  was  alfo  feen,  fearlefs  of  danger, 
wherever  his  prefence  was  neceffary.  He  was 
accompanied  by  the  Count  Damas,  a  colonel  in 
the  French  fervice. 

Independent  of  the  lofs  of  veffels,  taken  and 
burned,  the  fleet  of  Haffan  Bacha  received  great 
injury  at  the  moment  of  its  retreat ;  which  he  ef- 
fected by  covering  the  flotilla  with  the  fhips  of  the 
line.  He  returned  to  its  nrft  poiition  ;  and  the 
Rufliaas  anchored  about  a  mile  from  him. 


SUWOROW's 


On  his  return  to  his  flation,  the  Turkifh  High 
Admiral  expreffed  the  utmoft  affliction  at  his  dif- 
after  ;  refufed  his  food,  and  preferved  a  melan- 
choly filence.  This  misfortune,  indeed,  threaten- 
ed his  life,  and  he  might  be  alarmed,  leaft  he 
fhould  foon  be  called  to  bend  his  neck  to  the  fabre. 

The  lofs  of  this  battle  cofl  the  Turks  upwards 
of  two  thoufand  men,  who  were  killed,  and  fifteen 
hundred,  who  were  made  prifoners  :  the  latter 
were  removed  to  Kinburn.  One  of  the  three 
Turkifh  captains,  having  had  a  leg  carried  away  in 
the  adion,  died  in  the  arms  of  his  two  fons,  who 
had  been  made  prifoners  with  him. 

On  the  fide  of  the  Ruffians,  the  lofs  was  not  very 
considerable.  Two  hundred  were  killed,  among 
whom  were  eighteen  fuperior  officers,  and  fix  hun- 
dred wounded,  including  forty  officers  of  equal 
rank.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Ribas,  brother  of  the 
vice-admiral,  loft  an  arm  ;  but  the  pain  of  fuch  an 
accident  was  not  fufficient,  in  the  heat  of  the  action, 
to  prevent  him  from  employing  that  which  remain- 
ed, in  applying  the  match  to  a  cannon. 

After  this  defeat,  Haffan  Bacha  endeavoured  to 
form  a  junction  with  the  Turkifh  fleet,  which  was 
at  fea  ;  and,  on  the  30th  of  June,  about  midnight, 
he  weighed  anchor  for  that  purpofe. 

The  night  was  dark,  and  when  he  was  off  the 
point  of  Kinburn,  which  he  was  obliged  to  double, 
the  batteries  fuddenly  opened  upon  him,  with  a 
terrible  fire,  and  did  considerable  damage  to  his 
advanced  guard.    The  firing  was  fo  violent,  that 


CAMPAIGNS. 


177 


the  Turks,  who  were  ignorant  of  thefe  mafqued 
batteries,  thought  themfelves  under  the  town  of 
Kinburn.  When  the  moon  rofe,  the  fire  of  the 
batteries  was  continued  with  an  encreafed  effect. 

Before  day-break,  feveral  of  the  Turkifh  veflels 
were  forced  to  lay  by,  and  fome  of  them  had  made 
fignals  of  diflrefs ;  others  were  on  fire,  and  feveral 
had  foundered.  The  crews  endeavoured  to  fave 
themfelves  by  fwimming  ;  but  many  of  them  were 
drowned  ;  while  others,  in  a  ftate  of  defpair,  load- 
ed themfelves  with  cannon-ball,  that  they  might 
fink  at  once  to  the  bottom. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  cannonade,  Suworow 
had  difpatched  an  order  to  Prince  Naffau,'to  attack 
the  Turks  with  his  fquadion.  He  was  about  a  mile 
from  Oczakow,  and  had  Paul  Jones  behind  him* 
This  attack  could  not  take  place  before  day -break; 
but  a  very  fmart  engagement  then  took  place.  The 
Turkifh  mips,  inftead  of  forming  a  line,  were  in  a 
ftate  of  confufion,  and  much  too  near  each  other . 
Paul  Jones,  alfo,  was  fearful  of  expofing  his  large 
mips  to  the  dangers  of  the  fand-banks  :  and  his 
precaution  was  juftified  by  the  fate  of  the  Wolode- 
mir,  who,  for  want  of  it,  had  the  misfortune  to 
run  upon  them. 

The  small  Ruffian  veffels,  and  particularly  their 
gun  boats  and  gallies,  ran  under  the  large  Turkifh 
mips,  whofe  great  guns  could  do  them  no  mifchief, 
when  they  were  once  grappled  ;  and  contrived,  bv 
ladders,  to  get  on  board,  and  fet  them  cn  fire. 


TOL.  I. 


z 


i7S 


SUWOROw's 


Halfen  Bacha,  however,  with  his  vanguard,  had 
fofar  availed  himfelfof  the  night,  as  to  have  efca- 
ped  :  and  it  was  not  till  the  evening,  that  he  was 
informed  of  his  additional  misfortune.  This  ter- 
rible combat  lafted  till  near  noon,  when  the  mips, 
which  were  on  fire,  blew  up  ;  and  at  one,  the  ac- 
tion had  entirely  ceafed. 

The  lofs  of  the  Ruffian  fleet,  on  this  occafio.n  a- 
mounted  to  one  hundred  and  thirty  killed,  inclu- 
ding twenty-four  officers ;  and  about  eight  hun- 
dred wounded.  The  Turks  had  three  thoufand 
killed  and  wounded,  and  two  thoufand  were  taken 
prifoners. 

The  Ruffians,  alfo,  took  a  fhip  of  the  line,  and 
two  frigates ;  fo  that  with  thofe  which  were  blown 
up,  went  to  the  bottom,  and  rendered  ufelefs :  the 
fleet  of  Oczakow  was,  in  a  great  meafure,  deftroy- 
ed. 

The  emprefs  did  not  fuffer  her  victorious  failors 
to  remain  without  a  recompenfe  of  their  valour. 
Marks  of  favour  were  diftributed  to  all  ranks 
throughout  the  fleet.  The  Prince  NaflTau,  among 
other  teftimonies  of  the  Imperial  favour,  received 
the  flag  of  a  vice-admiral. 

Prince  Potemkin  had  appointed  the  latter  end  of 
June  for  aiTembling  the  army  of  Sockoli,  about 
forty  miles  from  Oczakow,  which  he  prepared  to 
befiege.  Accordingly,  in  the  beginning  of  Au- 
guft,  he  paffedthe  river  with  it,  and  began  his  ap- 
proaches, 


CAMPAIGNS.  I79 


Suworow  embarked  at  Kinburn,  with  his  regi- 
ment of  grenadiers  of  Fanagor,  and  joined  the  ar- 
my, where  he  took  the  command  of  the  left  wing. 
He  had,  fome  time  before,  received  orders  to  make 
himfelf  matter  of  the  ifland  of  Perefan,  in  the  Black 
Sea,  with  the  fleet  commanded  by  Ribas ;  but  that 
expedition  did  not  take  place. 

The  fiege  of  Oczakow  began,  in  due  form,  the 
29th  of  Auguft.  Among  frequent  fallies  of  lefs 
importance,  the  Turks  made  one  the  28th,  with  fe- 
veral  thoufand  men,  and  attacked  the  extremity  of 
the  Ruffian  left  wing,  where  the  infantry  of  the  In- 
dependant  Coflacs,  and  of  the  Coflacs  of  the  Bog, 
were  ported.  The  Ruffians  were  clofely  prefled, 
and  gave  way,  when  Suworow  haftened  to  their  af- 
fiftance,  with  a  battalion  of  grenadiers,  attacked  the 
Turks  with  bayonet  fixed,  and  repulfed  them.  In 
the  heat  of  the  action,  however,  they  continued  the 
purfuit  to  the  very  intrenchments  of  the  place, 
where  the  Turks  received  a  reinforcement  of  three 
thoufand  men.  In  fhort,  by  mutual  reinforce- 
ments, the  action  became  general  ;  and  it  was  with 
great  difficulty  that  the  enemy  prevented  their  en- 
trenchments from  being  taken. 

Suworow  was  expofed  to  a  very  brisk  fire  of 
mufquetry,  which  was  the  more  dangerous,  as  he 
was  the  particular  object  of  it.  A  young  Turk 
who  had  been  converted  to  the  Greek  religion ; 
and  for  fome  time  ferved  a  Ruffian  officer,  had  de- 
ferted  the  preceding  evening,  and  now  pointed  out 
Suworow  for  the  Turks  to  aim  at.  The  general 
accordingly  received  a  ball  in  the  nape  of  the  neck  , 
and  the  wound  became  fo  very  painful,  that  he 


i8c 


SUWOROw's 


thought  proper  to  return  to  the  camp ;  having 
fent  a  melTenger  before  to  prepare  a  furgeon  and  a 
prieft.  In  quitting  the  field,  he  had  given  up  the 
command  to  Lieutenant-General  Rilbikow,  whom 
he  ordered  to  withdraw  the  battalions,  as  he  did 
not  augur  favorably  of  the  iiTue  of  the  action,  if  it 
were  any  longer  continued. 

In  the  mean  time,  Suworow  arrived  at  his  tent 
where  the  furgeon  examined  his  wound  extracted 
the  ball,  and  applied  the  firft  drefling.  His  horfe 
had  received  feveral  mots  in  his  body,  and  died,  as 
a  foldier  was  taking  ofFhis  faddle. 

The  battalions  were  left  by  Suworow,  as  he  well 
knew,  in  a  very  dangerous  pofition  ;  and  the  event 
was  precifely  as  he  had  forefeen.  Inftead  of  retir- 
ing by  degrees,  the  retreat  was  beat  at  once,  which 
caufed  the  troops  to  fly  in  hafte  and  diforder  ;  by 
which  untoward  conducl,  the  Ruffians  loft  feveral 
hundred  men. 

Suworow's  wound  became  more  painful.  Ke 
had  feveral  fainting  fits,  and  a  fever  followed  on 
the  third  day.    He,  therefore,  ordered  himfelf  to 
be  removed  to  Kinburn  :  on  the  day  after  his  arrival 
at  which  place,  his  refpiration  was  become  very 
difficult,  and  his  end  feemed  to  be  appioaching.. 
Nature,  however,  prevailed  ;  a  long  and  tranquil 
flcep,  which  fortunately  fucceeded,  'reftored  his. 
ftrength,  and  he  was  foon  declared  to  be  out  of 
danger.  His  wound  was  alfo  threatened  with  a  gan- 
green,  but  that  was  removed,  and  though  he  was 
under  the  furgeon's  care,  and  often  under  his  knife, 
during  three  weeks,  he  never  kept  his  bed.  He 


CAMPAIGNS. 


was  aifo,  for  fome  days,  attacked  by  the  jaundice  : 
zieverthelefs,  he  perfevered  in  his  long  accuftomed 
practice,  of  preferring  regimen  to  medicine,  and 
his  health  wasfoon  re  eftablifhed.    Though  before 
he  was  quite  recovered,  he  again  very  narrowly  ef- 
caped  deftru&ion,  from  the  confequences  of  fire  in 
the  powder-magazine,  which  was  full  of  charged 
bombs,  grenades,  and  various  other  combuftibles, 
prepared  for  the  army  before  Oczakow.    One  of 
the  bombs  fell  in  the  chamber,  where  the  general 
was  fitting,  tore  his  bed,  and  broke  down  a  part  of 
the  wall,  and  wounded  him  in  the  face,  the  breail, 
and  the  knee.    Some  loft  their  lives,  and  many 
were  wounded  by  this  misfortune  ;  but  as  all  thofe 
who  were  employed  in  the  magazine,  at  the  time  it 
blew  up,  loft  their  lives,  the  caufe  of  the  difafter 
could  not  be  difcovered. 

The  inhabitants  of  Oczakow,  on  feeing  (he 
enormous  fmoke  in  which  Klrburn  was  for  fome 
time  envelloped,  concluded,  that  the  whole  of  the 
town  had  been  blown  up  ;  the  feraikier,  therefore 
fent  an  immediate  exprefs  to  the  fleet,  with  orders 
to  make  a  defcent  at  Kinburn,  with  a  view  to  take 
advantage  of  the  confufion,  which  fuch  a  terrible 
accident  might  be  fuppofed  to  have  occafioned. 
But  Haftan  Bacha  refilled  to  obey  them.  And  he 
did  right  :  for,  on  afufpicion  that  fuch  an  attempt 
might  be  made,  the  troops  weie  all  prepared,  and 
difpofed  to  relift  it. 

Hafjan  Bacha  was  foon  after  recalled  to  Con- 
ftantinople,  where,  it  was  fuppofed,  he  would  lofe 
his  head.  But  it  did  not  appear  that  he  underwent 
any  kind  of  punifhment.     The  remains  of  the 


l82 


SUWOROw's 


Turkifh  fleet  continued  atfea,  under  the  command 
of  the  vice-admiral,  till  the  end  of  October,  when 
it  fet  fail  for  the  Dardanelles. 

k 

In  the  mean  time,  the  fiege  of  Oczakow  conti- 
nued ;  the  hard  frofts  fet  in,  and  the  befieged  loft 
great  numbers  of  men.  At  length,  after  four  months 
regular  attack,  Prince  Potemkin  ordered  an  affault, 
on  thefixth  of  December,  and  the  Rufli ans  became 
matters  of  the  place. 

Of  eighty  thoufand  troops,  which  formed  the 
befieging  army  of  Oczakow,  four  thoufand  three 
hundred  loft  their  lives  at  the  affault,  while  epide- 
mic fevers,  and  the  rigour  of  the  feafon,  had  carri- 
ed off  a  much  larger  number.  The  Turks  fuftained 
a  lofs  of  four  thoufand  feven  hundred  killed,  and 
four  thoufand  eight  hundred  were  made  prifoners 
of  war. 

During  the  latter  operations  of  the  fiege,  Suwo- 
row  remained  at  Cherfon  and  Kremenfchuck,  for 
the  recovery  of  his  health. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  following  year,  he  re- 
turned to  Peterfburg  ;  when  the  emprefs  prefented 
him  with  a  plume  of  diamonds  for  his  cafque,  dif- 
tinguifhed  by  a  cypher  of  the  letter  K,  as  an  ac- 
knowledgment for  his  defence  of  Kinburn.  In  a 
fhort  time  after,  he  returned  to  the  army. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


CHAP.  IX. 

§UWOROW,  immediately  after  his 
arrival  at  JafTy,  paid  a  vifit  to  Field-Marfhal -Gene- 
ral Count  Romanzow,  who  foon  afcer  contracted 
a  perpetual  lamenefs  in  his  feet,  and  was  chen  lodg- 
ed at  a  country  feat  near  JalTy.  He  therefore  left 
his  army  under  the  command  of  Prince  Potemkin, 
and,  when  united  with  that  which  the  latter  had 
under  his  orders,  they  acquired  the  name  of  the 
combined  army. 

Suworow  foon  after  arrived  at  Berlat,  eighteen 
miles  from  JalTy,  where  he  took  the  command  of 
the  corps  there,  which  was  commanded  by  Lieute- 
nant-General Derfelden.  That  general  had,  fome 
time  before,  defeated  a  body  of  twenty  thoufand 
Turks,  of  whom  four  thoufand  were  left  on  the 
field  of  battle,  with  thirty-feven  ftandards,  and 
fourteen  pieces  of  cannon  taken. 

The  corps  at  Berlat  confifted  of  three  regiments 
of  Staradub,  Nefan,  and  Tfchernikow  carabineers* 
forming  five  fquadrons  ;  with  the  regiments  of  Cof- 
facs,  under  the  two  colonels  Grekow  ;  one  thou- 
fand Arnauts,  with  twelve  battalions  of  infantry, 
two  of  which  were  grenadiers ;  two  regiments  of 
ChaiTeurs  \  two  of  Smoliniki  infantry ;  two  of  Tuli ; 
two  of  Noftow ;  and  two  of  Afcherow  ;  together 
with  the  flying  artillery,  and  fixteen  large  field- 
pieces.  Thefe  troops  were  commanded  by  Lieu  te- 
nant-General  Derfelden,  Major-General  Boniakow, 
the  Prince  of  Ezakawlki,  and  Brigadiers  Lewaf- 
chok,  Wetfphal,  and  Burnafchow. 


i84 


su  wo  row's 


They  were  upon  the  point  of  marching  for  Wal- 
luis,  half  way  towards  Jafiy  ;  but  Suworow  pre- 
vented their  departure,  went  to  reconnoitre  the 
cnvirous,  and  advanced  four  miles  farther,  to  Ka- 
raptfchefti,  where  the  cordon  of  light  troops  were 
placed  at  the  advanced  pod.  Thefe  he  ftationed 
a  little  higher,  that  he  might  be  near  enough  to 
difcover  the  beft  points  of  operation  beyond  the 
Sereth,  as  far  as  Aropeftia  and  Forhani. 

During  thefe  tran  factions,  the  Prince  of  Saxe- 
Cobourg  had  quitted  his  winter  quarters,  in  Galli- 
cia,  and  had  advanced  into  Walachia,  with  his  ar- 
my, to  the  right  bank  of  the  Sereth.  He  was  en- 
camped before  the  fmall  town  of  Atfchud,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Stratuch,  which  falls  into  the  Sereth, 
and  his  army  was  pretty  much  in  a  line  with  the 
corps  of  General  Suworow,  who  informed  the 
Prince  of  his  arrival,  and  received  the  moft  friend- 
ly anfwer  from  him.  Although  hitherto  unac- 
qainted,  they  now  formed  a  friendftiip  and  intima- 
cy, which  is  highly  requifite  between  the  generals 
of  two  allied  powers.  Never  did  the  lead  diftruft 
difturb  the  harmony  of  their  operations,  nor  had 
they  any  fecrets  from  each  other.  The  Ruffian 
and  Auftrian  officers  vifited  in  the  two  camps  with 
equal  fatisfa&ion  ;  and,  in  a  word,  both  the  lea- 
ders, and  their  fubordinate  officers,  lived  in  that 
perfect  friendfhip  which  eventually  contributed  fo 
much  to  the  fuccefs  of  their  arms. 

After  the  death  of  Abtul-Amit,  which  happen- 
ed on  the  feventh  of  April,  the  throne  was  filled 
by  Selim,  who  augmented  his  military  eftabiifh- 
ment  with  one  hundred  and  fifty  thoufand  men. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


«85 


one  third  of  which  were  intended  to  ferve  in  Wala- 
chia.  The  Turks,  who  had  been  polled  before  Brahi- 
low,  on  the  Danube,  marched  under  a  Serafkier  to 
Zorhani,  twelve  miles  from  Prince  Cobourg's  camp, 
and  foon  found  themfelves  forty  thoufand  ftrong. 

They  were  now  on  the  point  of  attacking  his 
corps,  which  was  much  inferior  to  them,  in  point 
of  numbers  ;  and  of  this  he  immediately  informed 
Suworow,  who  inftantly  began  to  march.  He  left 
the  regiment  of  Truli  before  Bulat,  with  four  field 
pieces,  befides  his  own,  two  fquadrons  of  each 
regiment  of  carabineers,  one  hundred  Cofiacs, 
and  one  half  of  the  Arnauts. 

The  corps  directed  its  march  to  Atfchud,  by  a 
fhort  but  very  difficult  road,  acrofs  the  woods. 
They  marched  day  and  night,  pafled  the  Sereth  on 
the  Auftrian  pontoons,  and  advanced  eighty  werfts, 
(twenty-four  French  leagues,  or  twelve  German 
miles,)  in  the  fpace  of  thirty-fix  hours,  including 
thofe  unavoidably  devoted  to  reft.  We  have 
fcarcely  an  example  of  fo  rapid  a  march. 

It  was  at  this  time  that  General  Suworow  ran  a 
pin  into  the  fole  of  his  foot ;  and  as  the  head  of  it 
broke,  it  could  not  be  immediately  extracted,  fo 
that  he  limped  for  fome  time.  The  Turks,  who 
often  faw  him  at  a  fmall  diftance,  imagining  this 
defect  habitual,  nick-named  him  Topal  Bacha,  (or, 
the  limping  general.) 

The  Prince  of  Cobourg,  who  had  been  apprifed  of 
the  departure  of  the  columns,  would  not  credit  this 
aftonifhing  march,  till  he  had  feen  General  Suwo- 
row with  his  own  eyes.  The  troops  arrived  at  duik, 
and  were  polled  on  the  left  wing  of  the  Auflrians. 

The  next  day,  two  bridges  were  thrown  over  the 
vol.  I.  A  a 


i86 


SUWOROW'S 


Stratufch,  and  the  two  corps  palled  in  two  column:, 
the  Auflrians  to  the  right,  and  Ruflians  to  the  left. 

To  conceal  the  junction  of  the  Ruffians  with 
Prince  Cobourg's  corps  from  the  enemy,  Suworow 
had  none  but  Auftrians  in  his  vanguard,  which  was 
compofed  of  two  Kaunitz  and  Colloredo  battalions 
of  Barko  huflars,  and  Loewener  light  horfe,  under 
the  orders  of  the  brave  Colonel  Karatfchay.  When 
the  Ruffian  troops  halted,  it  was  always  in  a  hol- 
low behind  the  van-guard.  They  retted  two  nights 
during  their  march,  and  Suworow,  who  was  al- 
moft  always  before  them  in  order  to  reconnoitre, 
fell  on  a  party  of  Turks  who  did  not  know  him. 

On  the  third  day,  while  the  troops  were  retting 
under  cover  cf  Maria  Tfcheftia,  two  miles  [from 
the  river  Putna,  Suworow  fent  an  officer  upon  the 
fcout  with  thirty  Coflacs.    He  met  a  body  of  two 
hundred  Turks ;  and,  as  he  had  orders  in  fuch  cafe 
to  draw  them  on,  he  made  his  Coflacs  retire  little 
by  little  in  a  ttate  of  difperfion.   His  meafures  were 
already  taken,  and  the  regiment  of  Coflacs  of  Iwan 
Grekow  led  by  the  major  of  the  day.    Kuris  made 
the  firft  attack.    The  regiment  was  in  three  divi- 
fions.    The  firft  attacked  the  Turks  when  they 
approached  the  wood,  wheeled  fuddenly  round, 
and,  being  afterwards  fuccoured  by  above  five 
hundred  men,  returned  to  the  charge  ;  upon  which 
the  two  other  divifions  of  Coflacs  took  part  in  the 
action.    The  number  of  the  Turks  foon  amounted 
to  two  thoufand  men.    The  other  regiments  of 
Coflacs  were  alfo  engaged,  as  were  the  Arnauts, 
commanded  by  captain  Falkenhagen.    The  Turks 
again  gave  way,  but  the  whole  of  their  van-guard 
confuting  of  four  thoufand  Spahi's  coming  up,  the 
Ruflians  were  obliged  to  retreat.    The  five  fqua- 


CAMPAIGNS. 


187 


drons  of  Barko  hulTars  then  came  to  their  fupport ; 
the  battle  was  renewed;  and,  although  the  enemy 
began  to  lofethe  advantages  they  had  gained,  the 
fuccefs  of  the  Ruffians  was  ftill  doubtful,  till  they 
were  re-enforced  by  three  fquadrons  of  Loewener 
light  horfe  and  two  fquadrons  of  carabineers,  to- 
gether with  a  few  hundred  challeurs  and  infantry. 
The  Turks  now  took  to  flight ;  and  all  the  cavalry 
that  had  been  engaged  purfued  them  as  far  as  the 
Putna,  where  a  great  number  of  them  drowned. 

In  this  battle,  which  continued  five  hours,  the 
Turks  loft  fix  hundred  men  ;  among  whom  were  a 
great  many  officers,  but  fcarcely  any  were  made 
prifoners.  They  were  commanded  by  Ofman,  a 
bacha  of  two  tails,  and  one  of  their  bed  generals. 
The  lofs  of  the  Ruffians  was  inconfiderable. 

Two  thoufand  men  of  Turkifh  infantry  were 
feen  feveral  times  putting  themfelves  in  motion,  on 
the  other  fide  of  the  Putna,  with  two  pieces  of  can- 
non :  but  they  did  not  come  to  the  relief  of  their 
cavalry,  and  retired  precipitately  to  Forhani. 

The  night  already  began  to  grow  dark,  and  the 
two  combined  corps  had  taken  their  pofitions,  when 
the  Turks  fuddenly  fell  upon  them,  and  a  party  of 
light  troops,  who  had  raken  and  plundered  their 
camp  beyond  Putna,  advanced  as  far  as  that  river. 
Karatfchay  who  in  the  interval  occupied  the  heights 
near  a  ford,  with  the  battalion  of  Kaunitz,  received 
the  enemy  with  a  fire  of  mulketry,  and  repulfecl  them. 

The  Ruffians  had  already  begun  to  throw  pon- 
toons over  the  river,  and  the  pioneers  who  were 
difturbed  for  a  fhort  time  by  this  incident,  foon  re- 
fumed  their  work.  The  Kaunitz  and  Colloredo 
battalions  covered  the  tete-de-pont,  and  two  batta- 


i83 


su  wo  row's 


lions  of  Ruffian  chafleurs  were  encamped  on  the  hi- 
ther fide  of  the  river.  At  midnight,  the  frream 
carried  away  the  bridge,  but  it  was  foon  repaired, 
and  the  Ruffian  troops  arrived  on  the  oppofite  bank 
before  day-break,  together  with  the  reft  of  their 
van-guard.  The  infantry  pafled  over  the  bridge, 
and  the  cavalry  forded  the  river  upon  their  right. 
At  day-break,  Prince  Cobourg's  corps  pafTed  in 
the  fame  manner  ;  and  the  two  corps  inarched  in 
columns  afcending  fome  gently  rifing  grounds,  and 
when  they  were  at  the  fummit,  from  which  they 
could  difcover  a  large  extent  of  country,  they  drew 
up  in  order  of  battle.  The  Auftrians  formed  in  pla- 
toons in  two  lines,  placed  alternately  like  a  checquer 
on  the  right,  with  a  third  line  entirely  compofed  of 
cavalry.  According  to  this  arrangement,  the  Ruf- 
fians was  on  the  left  wing  in  fix  platoons,  of  which 
the  third  was  formed  by  the  cavalry,  together  with 
the  Coffacs.  Karatfchay  kept  in  the  middle  of  the 
two  corps  with  the  battalions  and  fquadrons,  which 
had  before  ferved  as  a  van  guard  to  the  Ruffians. 

The  front  of  the  line  was  half  a  mile  in  extent, 
and  at  fix  in  the  morning  the  two  corps  marched 
againfl.  the  enemy  with  drums  beating.  The  Ikir- 
mifhes  began,  and  the  army  had  thus  advanced 
nearly  half  a  mile,  when  fifteen  thoufand  Turkifh 
horfe  fell  upon  the  right  wing  of  Prince  Cobourg, 
apparently  intending  to  furround  it.  But  Field- 
Marfhal  Spleni,  who  had  fomewhat  llackened  his 
march,  and  who  was  two  hundred  paces  in  the 
rear  with  three  platoons,  placed  the  enemy  between 
two  fires  of  mufquetry,  and,  in  half  an  hour,  re- 
pulfed  them  with  conhderable  lofs. 

During  thefe  manoeuvres,  the  Ruffian  corps  was 
gaining  ground.    The  Turks  defended  themfelves 

V 


CAMPAIGNS. 


.89 


with  twenty  thoufand  horfe,  attacked  the  left  wing, 
which  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant- General 
Derfelden,  and  broke  through  the  platoons,  efpeci- 
ally  on  the  left  flank.  The  engagement  continued  a- 
bout  two  hours,  till  at  length  the  enemy  being  over- 
thrown with  great  lofs,  took  to  flight  acrofs  a  wood. 

The  two  corps  had  in  front  a  very  thick  wood, 
which  they  were  obliged  to  turn,  and  pofted  them- 
felves  on  the  other  fide  in  the  fame  order  in  which 
they  were  before.  This  was  nearly  half  way  from 
the  Putna  to  Forhani.  For  the  fpace  of  half  a  mile 
the  ground  was  covered  with  brambles,  fo  that  both 
men  and  horfes  had  their  legs  much  fcratched  and 
ftained  with  blood.  The  Turks  fometimes  annoyed 
them,  though  feebly,  and  the  ikirmifhers  were  not 
very  active,  till  they  had  quitted  this  rough  ground, 
and  got  into  an  open  country.  The  enemy  then 
frequently  renewed  their  attacks,  but  were  almoft 
always  repulfed  by  the  cavalry,  who  marched  be- 
hind the  lines.  Once,  when  the  Turks  were  at  a 
diftance  of  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  their  camp  at 
Forhani,  they  wholly  abandoned  the  field,  and  im- 
mediately  began  to  play  their  artillery.  As  they  did 
not  much  annoy  the  two  corps,  the  latter  advanced 
rapidly  fome  hundred  paces  to  be  out  of  the  range 
of  their  guns,  and  all  the  balls  flew  over  their  heads. 

The  Turkifh  infantry  was  in  the  centre  of  their 
entrenchments,  and  the  cavalry  on  their  wings  ; 
and  it  was  remarked  that  their  troops  did  not  pre- 
fentagood  countenance.  When  the  Ruffians  uere 
at  the  diftance  of  a  werft  from  their  camp,  the  two 
corps  opened  a  ftrong  fire  of  artillery  as  they 
marched,  and  when  they  arrived  within  three  hun- 
dred paces,  the  platoons  attacked  the  intrench- 
ments  in  full  charge,  with   their  bayonets  and 


I9° 


SUWOROW's 


cries  of  war.  As  the  intrenchments  were  illraifed 
and  not  ftrengthened  with  fufficient  artillery,  they 
were  foon  carried.  Only  the  firft  line  of  platoons 
penetrated  into  them,  under  the  command  of 
Schaftakow,  Narock,  and  Böhm.  On  the  left, 
the  Auftrian  platoons,  commanded  by  Spleni,  did 
the  fame.  All  the  works  were  carried,  and  the  Tuiks 
•were  obliged  to  fly.  Their  cavalry  were  foon  over- 
thrown on  the  two  flanks.  The  imperial  and  barko 
hufiars  diftinguifhed  themfelves  on  this  occafion. 

In  the  rear,  and  at  a  fmall  diftance  from  the  in- 
trenchments, the  Turks  had  fortified  the  convent 
of  St.  Samuel,  where  they  had  a  confiderable  ma- 
gazine of  provifions.  A  few  hundred  januTaries 
had  thrown  themfelves  into  it  to  cover  their  fugi- 
tives. This  poft,  two  Ruffian  and  two  Auftrian 
platoons  attacked  with  a  great  quantity  of  artille- 
ry. The  battle  continued  feveral  hours  ;  two  Auf- 
trian majors,  Counts  Aueriberg  and  Orelly,  and 
feveral  officers  were  killed,  with  about  one  hun- 
dred men  ;  and  there  were  a  great  number  wound- 
ed. A  powder-magazine  alfo  blew  up,  and  killed 
a  great  many  in  the  interior  of  the  convent.  At 
length  the  gate  was  forced  by  means  of  the  artille- 
ry, and  almoft  all  the  Turks  who  had  fled  there 
were  cut  to  pieces.  Thofe  who  took  refuge  in  the 
church  experienced  the  fame  fate  ;  and,  after  an 
obftinate  engagement,  all  thofe  who  defended  the 
convent,  were  cut  in  pieces. 

Prince  Cobourg,  Karatfchay  and  Suworow, 
met  together  at  the  end  of  this  lall  battle,  and 
embraced  each  other,  and  a  great  many  officers  of 
both  corps,  congratulating  one  another  on  the  vic- 
tory they  had  gained.  Prince  Cobourg  caufed  a 
cloak  to  be  extended  on  the  ground  before  the  con- 
vent, and  made  a  military  halt  at  four  o'clock,  P*  M, 


CAMPAIGNS, 


Not  far  from  this  convent  was  that  of  St.  John, 
in  which  alfo  was  a  great  magazine  of  provifions. 
The  Turks  had  likewife  thrown  two  or  three  hun- 
dred men  into  this  edifice.  Prince  Cobourg  fent 
thither  one  of  his  battalions,  who  attacked  and 
took  it  after  an  engagement  of  an  hour.  One 
third  of  the  enemy  were  made  prifoners,  and  the 
reft  were  put  to  the  fword. 

The  Turks  fled  by  two  different  roads,  namely, 
by  that  of  Bukareft  to  the  fmali  town  of  Rymnik, 
whither  they  were  purfued  by  a  body  of  Coflacs 
and  Arnauts,  who  took  from  them  above  four  hun- 
dred waggons ;  and  by  the  road  of  Brahilow,  whi- 
ther the  imperial  and  barko  hu&rs  purfued  them, 
together  with  the  Hulans  and  Arnauts,  and  took 
an  equal  quantity  of  baggage. 

Thus  terminated  the  battle  of  Forhani,  which 
took  place  on  the  21ft  July,  1789.  The  action 
commenced  at  fix  o'clock,  and  fmifhed  at  ten. 
There  were  forty  thoufand  of  the  Turks  againft 
eighteen  thoufand  Auftrians  and  feven  thoufand 
Ruffians.  The  enemy  left  two  thoufand  men  on 
the  nelcj,  and  about  three  hundred  were  made  pri- 
foners. They  loft  fixteen  ftandards,  twelve  pieces 
of  cannon,  and  their  camp,  which  was  very  rich, 
and  immenfe  magazines.  The  lofs  of  the  Ruffians 
and  Auftrians  was  comparatively  nothing. 

As  the  moft  perfect  harmony  prevailed  between 
the  generals,  it  was  agreed  that  the  booty  of  ihe 
camp  and  the  cannon  mould  be  equally  divided, 
and  that  the  ftandards  mould  remain  the  property 
of  thofe  who  had  taken  them.  As  to  the  maga- 
zines of  provifions,  the  general  left  them  entirely 
to  the  Prince  of  Cobourg,  becaufe  the  Ruffians  were 
to  march  in  another  direction. 


192 


SUWOROW's 


This  was  the  firft  battle  gained  by  the  Auftrians 
during  this  war.  The  method  of  forming  the  troops 
into  platoons,  or  fmall  fquares,  was  now  adopted ; 
and  from  that  time,  Prince  Hohenloke,  Laudon,  and 
Clairfait,  beat  the  enemy,  by  purfuing  that  method. 

The  Prince  of  Cobourg  received  the  grand  crofs 
of  Maria  Therefa  ;  and  the  Emperor  Jofeph  wrote 
to  Suworow,  with  a  fnurT-box  adorned  with  his  cy- 
pher fet  in  diamonds,  in  the  following  terms : 

cc  I  have  received,  general  in  chief,  with  extreme 
"  pleafure,  your  letter,  announcing  to  me  the  glo- 
"  rious  victory  gained  at  Forhani,  by  the  troops  of 
"  her  Imperial  Majefty,  under  your  command, 
cc  combined  with  mine,  under  the  Prince  of  Co- 
u  bourg.  It  would  be  impoflible  for  him  fufficient- 
"  ly  to  pride  himfelf  on  the  afliftance  he  has  recei- 
"  ved  from  your  genius  and  valour,  as  well  as  from 
"  the  whole  corps  you  command,  for  which  I  am 
"  under  a  particular  obligation  to  you.  I  alfo  re- 
"  queft  you,  to  teftify  my  particular  gratitude  to 
"  General  Field-Marfhal  Prince  Potemldn  Tauritf- 
"  chewfki,  whofe  zeal  has  greatly  contributed  to 
"  the  fuccefs  of  our  arms.  I  hope  I  mall  often  have 
cc  additional  opportunities  of  demonftrating  to  her 
"  Imperial  Majefty,  the  fidelity  of  my  attachment 
"  to  her.  Be  afTured,  general  in  chief,  of  my  per- 
"  feci:  efteem,  to  which  you  have  acquired  a  juft 
"  title,  by  the  heroic  actions  which  have  already 
"  diftinguifhed  your  career. 

"  Luxembourg,  Augufl  13,  1789. 

(Signed)  Joseph." 


SNB  §F  TMS  FIRST  VQLVMR. 


HISTORY 


OF  THE 


OF 

Prince  Alexander  Suworoiu 
Rymnikslu, 

flELD-MARS  HAL-GENERAL    IN    THE  SERVICE 
HIS  IMPERIAL  MAJESTY,  THE  EMPEROR 
OF   ALL   THE  RUSSIAS, 

W  I  T  H 

A  PRELIMINARY  SKETCH  OF  HIS  PRIVATE 

LIFE    AND  CHARACTER, 

Translated  from  the  German  of  Frederic  Anthing, 

TO  WHICH   IS  ADDED, 

A  CONCISE  AND  COMPREHENSIVE  HISTORY 

OF  HIS 

ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN. 


VOL.  II. 


NEW-YORK: 

PIISTTEB  BY  C.  AND  R.  WAITE,  FOR  WM,  COBBETT, 
l800. 


CAMPAIGNS 


OF 

PRINCE  ALEXANDER  SUWOROW 
RYMNIKSKI. 

CHAP.  X. 

GENERAL  Suworow  received  advice  of  the 
manoeuvres  of  the  Turks,  during  his  ablence 
at  Berlat.  Their  intention  was  to  pafs  the  river  of 
Pruth,  and  to  attack  that  diftrift.  He,  therefore, 
began  to  march  the  day  after  the  battle  of  Forhani ; 
but  although  the  road  by  that  place  was  the  moft 
direct,  he  muft  have  loft  fome  time  in  throwing 
bridges  over  the  river,  and  therefore  he  preferred 
the  wafte  of  Atfchud.  No  obftacles  occurred  on 
the  Putna ;  but  not  far  from  the  fmall  town  of  At- 
fchud, the  ftrength  of  the  current  of  the  Stratufch 
carried  away  the  pontoons,  and  the  infantry  were 
obliged  to  pafs  the  river  on  planks. 

Four  battalions  were  left  behind,  with  the  artille- 
ry, in  order  to  effect  a  paffage,  when  the  waters 
mould  have  fubfided.  The  cavalry  pafled  in  flat- 
bottomed  boats ;  while  the  Coffacks  and  Arnauts 
fwam  acrofs  the  river.  Within  a  few  days,  (on  the 
27th  of  July,)  Suworow  arrived  at  Berlat;  and,  on 
the  thirtieth,  the  troops  which  he  had  left  on  the 
other  bank,  followed  him  with  their  field-pieces. 


4  su  wo  row's 

Neverthelcfs  to  guard  againfl  the  incuvfions  of 
the  Tartars  of  Belfarabia,  who  occupy  the  country 
between  the  Pruth  and  the  Sereth,  and  to  prevent 
any  diverfions  that  might  induce  the  garrifon  of 
Brahilow  to  repair  to  the  mouth  of  the  Sereth,  on 
the  fide  of  Bcrlat,  Prince  Repnin  detached  from 
his  corps,  encamped  at  Repajamohila,  Lieutenant- 
General  Prince  Wolgonfki,  with  four  battalions, 
and  eight  fquadrons,  with  orders  to  take  a  pofition 
in  the  village  of  Saporeni,  between  Falfchi  and  Ber- 
lat,  for  the  purpofe  of  obferving  the  motions  of 
the  enemy,  and  to  cover  the  left  flank  of  Suworow's 
army. 

In  a  fhort  time  after  his  arrival  at  Berlat,  the 
general  ordered  Baron  de  Sacken  to  occupy  Falfchi 
on  the  Pruth,  with  a  battalion,  and  fome  pieces  of 
artillery.  He  alfo  eftablifhed  a  chain  of  commu- 
nication with  him,  by  detachments  of  light  troops : 
while  Sacken,  at  the  head  of  fifty  Coffacks,  exten- 
ded his  reconnoitering  excurfions  to  the  environs  of 
Kagul  and  Ifmailow. 

The  Tartars,  after  having  forded  the  Pruth  near 
Ifmailow,  furprifed,  during  the  night,  a  Ruffian 
officer  with  a  party  of  Arnauts,  in  the  village  of 
Faltchafti,  about  fifteen  miles  from  Falchi.  He 
made  a  very  vigorous  defence,  but  was,  at  length, 
made  prifoner.  The  Tartars  brought  with  them  a 
confiderable  number  of  peafants  from  Moldavia, 
whom,  according  to  their  ufual  praclice,  they  fold 
to  the  Turks. 

Major  Sabolewfki,  who  commanded  the  advanc- 
ed polts  at  Karaptfefld,  gave  notice,  that  a  fwarm 
of  Turks  had  paffed  the  Danube  near  Galaz.  At 
the  fame  time,  two  Tartars,  who  were  made  prifon* 


CAMPAIGNS.  5 

■Cfs  by  the  Arnäuts,  on  the  other  fide  of  the  Pruth, 
declared,  that  Haffan,  who  was  lately  captain-bacha, 
but  (ince  become  feralkier,  had  it  in  contemplation 
to  leave,  very  fhortly,  the  environs  of  Ifmailow, 
with  a  confiderable  body  of  forces,  in  order  to  fall 
upon  the  troops  commanded  by  Prince  Repnin, 
ported  at  Rapajamohila,  and  afterwards  to  attack 
the  Prince  of  Cobourg  before  forhani. 

A  confidential  perfon,  who  had  been  fent  into 
Walachi,  gave  intelligence,  that  the  Turkilh  army, 
commanded  by  the  Vizier,  had  patted  the  Danube 
at  Kirfow,  and  that  their  march  was  directed  along 
the  Bufco,  between  Forhani  and  Brahilow,  with  the 
defign  to  fight  Prince  Cobourg,  and  then  to  pene- 
trate to  Jaffey,  which  was  not  fufficiently  firong  to 
make  a  formidable  refinance. 

The  Prince  Cobourg  fet  out  to  meet  HafTan 
Bacha,  and  fell  in  with  him  the  nineteenth  of  Sep- 
tember, near  Salza,  at  the  diftance  of  ten  miles  from 
Ifmailow.  Suworow  proceeded  to  Karaptchefti ; 
and  general  Derfelden  marched  along  the  Pruth, 
with  a  flying  corps,  to  turn  the  Turks,  if  they  pre- 
fented  themfelves. 

An  officer  having  been  difpatched,  with  fifty 
Coffacks,  to  Galaz,  on  a  party  of  difcovery, 
brought  an  account,  that  about  five  hundred  Spahis 
were  fcouring  the  countries  in  detached  parties. 
As  it  would  be  a  lofs  of  time  to  look  after  them, 
Suworow  advanced  four  miles,  to  Puzzeni,  in  or- 
der to  approach  the  Auftrians.  Derfelden  alfo 
formed  his  junction  at  that  place,  as,  from  the 
intelligence  that  had  been  procured,  there  was  every 
reafon  to  expect  a  very  important  aftion. 

Suworow  had  left  behind  him,  at  Berlat,  two 


6 


SUWOROW'S 


battalions,  with  fix  field-pieces,  fix  fqaadrons  of 
carabineers,  and  the  heavy  baggage.  Sacken  re- 
mained at  Faltfchi,  with  his  battalion,  a  hundred 
and  fifty  CofTacks,  and  two  hundred  Arnauts,  to  at- 
tend to  that  country. 

On  the  fixth  of  September,  the  general  received 
an  exprefs  from  Prince  Cobourg,  with  the  intelli- 
gence, that  the  Tu'aS  were  on  their  march  againft 
him.  His  pofition  was  on  the  river  Milkow,  about 
a  mile  from  Forhani,  and  had  polled  his  advanced 
guard,  half  a  mile  before  him,  under  the  command 
of  Karatfchay.  The  following  day,  another  mef- 
fenger  arrived,  to  inform  the  general,  that  the  Turks 
were  in  full  march  to  attack  Prince  Cobourg,  with 
a  very  numerous  arrr.y,  led  on  by  the  Grand  Vizier. 
The  Prince  requefted  that  the  general  would  join 
him  with  all  fpeed ;  and  added,  that  one  of  his  par- 
ties had  already  fuffered  from  an  attack  of  the 
enemy,  and  that  he  had  found  it  necefTary  to  call  in 
his  advanced  guard. 

Suworow  fet  out  with  his  corps  at  midnight, 
paffed  the  Berlat,  by  a  bridge,  at  noon,  which  was 
three  miles  from  the  place  of  his  departure,  and 
took  the  dired  road  to  the  Sereth,  where  he  expect- 
ed to  find  the  pontoons  of  the  Auftrians;  but  they 
were  two  miles  higher  up  at  Maritefcheftie,  whither 
the  troops  were  obliged  to  proceed  through  roads 
that  were  almoft  impaffable.  There  had  fallen  a 
great  quantity  of  rain  during  the  night ;  and  though 
the  light  cavalry  had  pafTed  the  bridge,  when  Suwo- 
row had  reached  the  banks  of  the  river,  at  the  head 
of  the  carabineers,  it  appeared  that  the  itorm  had 
given  fuch  a  fhock  to  the  pontoons,  as  to  create 
an  apprehenfion,  that  they  were  in  great  danger  of 


CAMPAIGNS.  7 

being  carried  away.  The  paffage  therefore,  was 
too  hazardous  to  be  attempted,  and  the  carabineers 
were  forced  to  fall  back  upon  the  infantry,  who 
were  up  to  their  knees  in  mud.  It  was  a  deep 
clayey  foil,  from  which  both  men  and  horfes  found 
it  very  difficult  to  extricate  themfelves.  At  length 
they  found  a  fpot,  in  an  adjoining  wood,  that  was 
fufficiently  dry  to  bear  them. 

Major  Kuris  was  immediately  charged  with  the 
reparation  of  the  pontoons.  He  fet  a  thoufand 
peafants,  and  fifteen  hundred  foldiers  at  work,  and 
the  bufinefs  was  completed  in  the  courfe  of  the 
night ;  fo  that,  at  break  of  day,  the  troops  paffed,  in 
files,  over  the  pontoons.  As  the  weather,  which 
had  been  very  cloudy,  began  to  clear  up,  they 
marched  gaily  on  three  miles  farther,  to  tbe  other 
fide  of  the  Putna,  where  they  were  allowed  a  few 
hours  to  repofe. 

The  light  cavalry,  which  had  been  fent  forward, 
was  followed  by  Burnafcow,  with  his  carabineers. 
He  prefented  himfelf  in  the  morning  to  Prince  Co- 
bourg,  who  expre (fed  a  high  degree  of  fatisfa&ioii 
at  the  rapidity  of  the  march. 

General  Suworow  arrived  fome  hours  later,  with 
the  infantry ;  and  Prince  Cobourg  received  him 
with  every  mark  of  the  warmeft  friendfhip.  They 
repeated  their  embraces,  and  all  the  generals,  offi- 
cers, and  foldiers,  from  a  fpontaneous  emotion, 
followed  their  example.  The  warriors  of  the  two 
allied  nations,  received  each  other,  as  familiar  ac- 
quaintances, and  old  friends. 

The  Turkifh  army  had  arrived,  by  two  marches, 
to  the  river  of  Rymnik,  at  four  miles  diftance  from 
the  Milkow,  where  Prince  Cobourg  was  encamped. 


8 


su  wo  row's 


The  Ruffian  Cavalry  was  diftributed  in  three  divi- 
fions,  in  the  woods  on  the  other  tide  of  the  river, 
while  the  infantry  encamped  to  the  left  of  the 
Auftrians. 

After  a  ffiort  conference  with  the  Prince  Co- 
boiirg,  the  general  re-mounted  his  horfe,  with  fome 
officers  and  Cofiacks,  and  fet  out  on  a  reconnoiter- 
ing  party.  The  country  fell  in  a  gentle  declivity 
to  a  considerable  diftance;  and  he  climbed  up  a 
tree,  in  order  to  obtain  a  better  view  of  it ;  when  he 
conceived  the  meafures  neceflary  to  be  taken  from 
his  view  of  the  ground. 

He  difcovered  feveral  roads,  which  led  to  the 
Turkilh  camp;  but  the  molt  dire£t  did  not  feem  to 
him  to  be  the  beft,  becaufe  it  was  frequented  by 
patroles :  there  were  however  two  others  to  the  left, 
one  of  which  was  half  a  mile  about.  Having  made 
thefe  obfervations,  he  fet  out,  on  his  return  ;  but, 
in  his  way,  met  two  fquadrons  of  Auftrian  hufTars, 
who  were  difpatched  after  him,  by  way  of  precau- 
tion, and  to  lerve  as  a  fafeguard. 

He  had  another  conference  with  the  Prince  Co- 
bourg,  when  he  propofed  an  immediate  attack  on 
the  Turks ;  and  his  proposition  was  followed  by  an 
unhefitating  acquiefcence.  He  had  not  taken  any 
reft  tince  his  departure  from  Puzzeni ;  but,  in  the 
circumftances  that  furrounded  him,  his  mind  was 
too  much  occupied,  to  permit  him  to  indulge  in  the 
flighteft  repofe.  He,  however,  returned  to  his  poft, 
and  left  his  orderly  officer,  Colonel  Zalotuchin, 
to  conceit  with  the  Prince  every  arrangement  of 
the  final  difpofitions,  previous  to  the  intended 
attack. 

Suwoiow's  corps  was  now  ftrengthened  by  two 


CAMPAIGN'S.  9 

fquadrons  of  the  huflars  of  the  emperor,  and  of 
Barco,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Grave. 
As  the  march  might  be  made  unobferved,  for  at 
leaft  half  a  mile,  from  the  particular  difpohtion  of 
the  ground,  the  two  corps  began  to  move  in  the 
evening.  Suworow,  who  was  charged  with  the 
attack  of  the  left  wing  of  the  Turkifh  camp,  took 
the  fecond  road  to  the  right ;  and  Prince  Cobourg 
purfued  the  third  to  the  left. 

At  the  clofe  of  day,  the  whole  army  had  begun 
its  march.  The  infantry  pafTcd  the  river  upon  the 
Auftrian  pontoons,  while  the  cavalry  and  artillery 
took  the  advantage  of  a  ford.  The  night  was  very 
dark ;  and  General  Pofniakow,  mifled  by  his  guide, 
had  conduced  the  infantry  into  the  road  taken  by 
the  Auftrians;  but  the  miflake  was  difcovered  in 
time,  and  order  quickly  reftored. 

In  every  other  refpect,  the  darknefs  of  the  night 
was  highly  favourable  to  the  fecrecy  fo  neceflary  to 
the  fuccefs  of  the  march ;  and  the  abfence  of  the 
moon  was  a  fubjeel;  of  congratulation. 

The  troops  advanced  with  all  practicable  filence, 
and  the  words  of  command  were  given  in  the  loweft 
tone.  Some  hours  before  it  was  day,  and  after 
having  advanced  two  miles,  they*  arrived  on  the 
banks  of  the  Rymna,  which,  in  that  place,  is  not 
more  than  fifty  paces  broad.  Prince  Cobourg 
merits  the  higheft  praife  for  the  judicious  and 
univerfal  precautions  which  he  had  taken.  He 
had  commanded  pontoons  to  be  brought,  but  as  the 
river  was  not  of  an  inconvenient  depth,  no  ufe  was 
madeof  them,  in  order  to  prevent  the  noife  which 
they  might  occafion.    The  water  did  not  reach  the 

B 


10 


SUWÖROW'S 


foldiers  knees ;  but  as  the  oppofite  bank  of  the 
river  was  fteep,  it  became  neceffary  to  employ  the 
large  horfes,  belonging  to  the  pontoons,  to  draw  up 
the  artillery.  This  circumftance,  for  a  fhort  time, 
retarded  the  paffage,  but  it,  at  length,  terminated  in 
the  heft  poflible  order. 

The  infantry  formed  the  head  of  the  column, 
and  the  firft  line  having  pafTed  with  fufficient  artille-* 
ry,  the  reft  were  fecure.  A  party  of  cavalry  kept 
upon  its  wings ;  when  the  fecond  line  of  infantry 
pafTed  in  the  fame  order,  accompanied  by  the 
cavalry. 

At  break  of  day  the  Ruffians  were  on  the  other 
fide  of  the  river,  and  had  put  themfelves  in  order  of 
battle.  Their  corps  which  confifted  of  feven  thou- 
fand  men,  was  diftnbuted  in  three  lines.  The  infan- 
try occupied  the  firft  and  fecond,  in  fix  platoons, 
and  the  cavalry  formed  the  third.  The  Auftrians, 
alfo,  marched  in  three  lines ;  the  two  firft  forming 
nine  platoons :  and  the  third  was  compofed  of  the 
cavalry,  amounting  in  the  whole  to  about  eighteen 
thoufand  men ;  fo  that  the  two  corps  pofleffed  nearly 
the  fame  ftrength  and  numbers,  as  at  the  battle  of 
Forhani. 

At  fun-rife,  the  feveral  lines  advanced  acrofs  the 
fields,  covered  with  Turkey  corn  and  other  plants, 
which  reached  the  foldiers  girdles.  The  army  was 
not  at  this  time  more  than  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the 
Turkifh  camp  ;  nor  had  it  feen  one  of  the  enemy's 
patroles ;  fo  that  it  proceeded  without  difcovery. 
A  Turkifh  fpy  had  given  intelligence  that  the 
Ruffians  were  pofted  at  Putzeni  5  and  from  the  time 
and  diftance,  it  could  not,  indeed,  have  been  fup- 
pofed  that  they  could  poflibly  have  advanced  fofar : 


r 


CAMPAIGNS. 


the  poor  fpy,  for  this  intelligence,  which  was  believ- 
ed to  be  falfe,  afterwards  loft  his  head. 

Neverthelefs,  a  lieutenant,  whom  the  general 
had  fent,  during  the  march  to  Marietcheltie,  to 
fecure  the  Auftrian  pontoons,  having  executed  his 
commimon,  took  the  direct  road  to  Rymnik,  and 
unexpectedly  fell  in  with  fome  Turks ;  who,  af- 
ter a  vigorous  refinance,  wounded  and  made  him 
prifoner,  with  an  inferior  officer  and  fome  Coifacs. 
They  queftioned  him,  refpeciing  the  march  of  the 
Ruffians,  but  not  giving  credit  to  his  account,  he 
was  fent  immediately  to  the  Grand  Vizier.  Being 
prefent  at  the  moment  when  the  battle  began,  he 
exaggerated  the  force  of  the  Ruffians ;  and  having 
informed  the  Vizier,  that  Suworow  commanded 
them,  he  replied,  that  it  muft  be  fome  other  perfon 
of  that  name,  as  the  general  himfelf  had  died  of  his 
wounds  at  Kinburn. 

The  Ruffian  corps  now  approached  the  Turkiffi 
camp.  The  ground  rofe  with  a  very  gentle  afcent, 
and  at  the  fummit,  there  were  feveral  large  ditches, 
covered  with  artillery,  which  began  to  play  as  foon 
as  the  Turks  perceived  their  enemy  within  a  quar- 
ter of  a  mile  of  them.  The  Ruffians,  however, 
were  not  prevented  from  charging;  though  the  Ra- 
vines prefented  obftacles  to  them,  and  their  artille- 
ry, which  it  was  very  difficult  to  overcome.  In  the 
mean  time,  the  cavalry  of  the  right  wing  were  led  oa 
to  the  attack,  by  Brigac  hr  Burnafchow. 

The  Turks  were  on  a  hill ;  and,  feizing  advan- 
tage of  a  hollow  way,  they  took  the  Ruffian  cavalry 
in  flank,  turned  it  with  fuperior  force,  and  attack- 
ed a  body  of  grenadiers  of  Cbaftato\v3  which  was  on 
the  right  wing. 


12 


su  wo  row's 


They  confifted  of  fix  or  fevcn  thoufand  men; 
and  the  Janiffarics,  having  mounted  behind  the  Spa- 
his,  leaped  down,  and  fought  by  the  fide  of  their 
horfes,  during  an  hour,  under  a  running  fire  of  muf- 
ketry. 

At  length,  however,  they  wererepulfed  with  con- 
fiderable  lofs;  and  the  JanifTaries  having  re-mount- 
ed the  horfes,  took  to  flight.  Burnafchow  follow- 
ed them  to  a  confiderable  diftance,  with  great 
{laughter. 

The  camp  of  the  Turks,  which  was  near  the 
town  of  Tyrgoukuli,  was  foon  broke  up.  It  was 
fituated  on  a  fteep  hill,  and  the  troops  which  occu- 
pied it,  confifted  of  twelve  thoufand  men;  but  they 
made  their  retreat  with  fo  much  expedition,  that 
the  Ruffians  could  not  get  pofleffion,  even  of  their 
artillery. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  action  of  Tyrkogukuli, 
Ofman  Bacha,  who  had  conducted  himfelf  with 
much  diflinguifhed  courage,  at  the  affair  of  Putna, 
demanded  five  thoufand  volunteer  Spahis  of  the  Vi- 
zier; which  being  granted,  he  fell,  with  great  impe- 
tuofity,  on  the  Ruffian  left  wing.  The  conteft  was 
very  fliarp  for  fome  time,  but  at  length,  after  hav- 
ing loft  a  great  number  of  his  people,  he  was  obli- 
ged to  fly. 

All  the  platoons  proceeded  towards  Bochfa  and 
Kringumaelor;  but  that  of  Chaftatow,  which  re- 
tained its  pofition,  in  order  to  fupport  the  cavalry 
who  were  left  behind,  and  were  in  fome  danger  of 
being  cut  off.  As  foon  as  the  junction  was  formed, 
it  proceeded  and  overtook  the  reft  of  the  infantry, 
*t  the  diftance  of  half  a  mile,  where  they  had  halted; 
but  Chaftatow's  troops  were  deprived  of  that  advan- 


CAMPAIGNS.  13 

tage,  as  the  others  were  juft  beginning  lo  move  for- 
ward when  they  arrived,  fo  that  ihey  were  obliged 
to  continue  their  march,  without  having  enjoyed  the 
lead;  repofe. 

In  the  mean  time  the  Turks  had  difcovered  the 
weaknefs  of  the  Ruffian  corps.  Ofman  Bacha 
had  ordered  fifteen  thoufand  horfe  to  follow  him 
in  order  to  furround  this  little  corps  before  it 
could  reach  the  height  of  Bochfa.  Prince  Co- 
bourg,  who  had  taken  a  longer  rout,  and  come 
down  the  Rymna  nearly  a  mile,  had  approached 
about  half  a  mile  nearer  the  Ruffians,  during  the 
battle  of  Tyrkogukuli.  This  body  of  Turks  of 
fifteen  thouland  men,  fell  unawares  under  his  can- 
non, and  were  obliged  to  fuflain  an  engagement  of 
two  hours.  Karetfchay,  who  was  to  the  right  of 
the  Auftrians,  was  preffed  clofe ;  his  cavalry  charg- 
ed the  Turks  repeatedly;  the  fire  of  the  carbines 
and  mufketry  annoyed  them  much,  and  they  wrere 
obliged  to  retreat. 

Towards  noon,  they  were  tranquil  on  all  fides; 
not  a  fingle  Turk  now  appeared,  and  Soworow 
alfembled  his  platoons  and  the  cavalry  under  a 
mountain,  near  the  village  of  Kaiata,  a  mile  from 
Tyrkogukuli,  where  the  troops,  which  were  ex- 
hausted with  fatigue,  retted  an  hour  on  the  banks  of 
a  rivulet.  On  the  fummit  of  this  mountain  are  ftitl 
ieen  the  ruins  of  a  considerable  fort,  of  which  it  is 
faid  in  that  country,  that  whoever  takes  poifeffion  of 
it,  is  fure  to  gain  the  battle,  and  whoever  keeps  it  is 
mafter  of  Wallachia.  The  true  origin  of  this  opinion 
is,  that  this  mountain  is  in  the  centre  of  the  plains  of 
Forhani,  which  extend  from  the  Putna,  to  the  banks 
©f  Bufeo,  as  far  as  Brahilow,  and  which  have  been 


14  su  wo  row's 

the  fcene  of  feveral  bloody  engagements;  and  it  is 
well  known,  that  Bajazet  defeated  the  Hofpodar 
Stephen,  with  fixty  thou  fand  men,  near  Rymnik. 

When  the  Ruffian  corps  marched  to  Tyrkogu- 
kuli,  their  lines  were  directed  towards  the  fouth; 
and,  as  they  made  a  movement  on  their  left,  they 
removed  to  the  weftward.  They  had  before  them, 
at  the  diftance  of  half  a  mile,  the  village  of  Bochfa. 
Prince  Cobourg  was  at  the  fame  diftance,  but  in  a 
more  oblique  direction,  and  the  Grand  Vizier  was 
at  above  a  mile  diftance  from  that  village,  with  the 
bulk  of  his  army,  beyond  the  wood  of  Kringumae- 
lor,  on  the  river  Rymnik.  The  Turks  had  opened 
entrenchments  on  the  fkirts  of  a  wood,  where  they 
intended  to  leave  their  heavy  baggage,  and  to  attack 
Prince  Cobourg  the  next  day;  but  the  latter  anti- 
cipated them  before  they  were  quite  ready ;  and, 
(luring  the  battle,  they  were  ftill  at  work  on  feveral 
points.  They  had  begun  to  eftabliffi  a  line  of  com- 
munication from  the  wood  to  the  village  of  Bochfa, 
and  they  had^equally  intrenched  Bofcha  and  Kai'ata, 
as  well  as  eretled  batteries  to  clear  the  field  of  battle 
by  a  crofs  fire  from  Tyrkogukuli  to  Kringumaelor. 
Thefe  batteries,  which  were  already  finifhed,  were  of 
no  ufe,  in  confequence  of  a  movement  of  Suworow, 
who  had  turned  them. 

The  Ruffians  renewed  the  battle  at  one  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon,  when  they  all  began  to  march  to 
the  village  of  Bochfa.  The  Arnauts  pufhed  for- 
ward and  were  the  firft,  who  charged  a  party  of 
Turks.  The  Grand  Vizrer  fhewed  himfelf  in  per- 
fon,  at  the  head  of  a  numerous  cavalry;  and,  with  a 
force  of  forty  thoufand  men,  including  the  twenty 
thoufand  who  had  been  fighting  in  the  morning. 


CAMPAIGNS*  15 

fell  on  Prince  Cobourg's  corps  on  all  fides.  They 
particularly  preffed  the  right  wing,  which  feparated 
Karatfchay  from  the  main  body;  and  their  cavalry 
threw  themfelves  bravely  under  the  fire  of  the  car- 
bines, and  of  the  mufketry,  and  even  on  the  very 
bayonets.  Thus  the  Auftrians  were  in  imminent 
danger,  and  repulfed  fix  following  attacks  with  the 
greateft  intrepidity.  The  Hungarian  huffars  con- 
dueled  themfelves  with  diftinguiihed  bravery,  fuc- 
ceeded  in  breaking  the  enemy's  lines,  notwithstand- 
ing the  fuperiority  of  their  numbers,  made  the 
Turks  give  way,  and  killed  an  immenfe  number  of 
men.  Prince  Cobourg  fent  repeatedly,  during  the 
action,  to  requefi  Suworow  to  come  and  fupport 
him. 

As  to  Suworow,  he  was  behind  Bochfa.  He 
had  turned  the  enemy's  batteries,  who  had  fcarcely 
time  to  fire  a  few  rounds,  before  they  took  flight, 
and  precipitately  dragged  all  the  cannon  they  could 
fave,  behind  the  intrenchments  of  Kringumaelor. 
At  this  time  the  Spahis  arrived;  and  in  order  to  flop 
the  platoons,  by  hemming  them  in,  they  made  fe- 
veral  attacks,  few  of  which  were  made  with  vigour. 
They  charged  the  Ruffian  light  horfe,  but  the  regu- 
lar troops  received  and  repulfed  them.  In  the  laft 
purfuit  in  particular,  the  carabineers  of  Tfcherni- 
kow,  and  the  huffars  of  the  emperor  cut  feveral 
hundred  men  in  pieces. 

Suworow  found,  on  the  other  fide  of  the  village, 
a  fituation  of  fufficient  extent  to  form  his  lines,  in- 
ftantly,  in  order  of  battle.  The  Turks  kept  up 
a  very  vigorous  fire  from  their  heavy  artillery, 
placed  in  the  wood  of  Kringumaelor,  by  which  the 
platoons  were  at  firfl  annoyed ;  but  as  they  com*- 


i6 


su  wo  row's 


nued  to  advance,  the  greater  part  of  this  cannonade 
was  without  effecl. 

The  Ruffians  marched  boldly  up  to  the  wood,  and 
as  their  left  wing  was  but  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from 
the  right  wing  of  Prince  Cobourg,  as  well  as  from 
the  wood,  Suworow  refolved  to  make  a  lalt  and 
decifive  attack  to  terminate  this  conteft,  which 
began  to  grow  long  and  tedious.  The  lines  of  the 
Ruffians,  and  thofe  of  the  Auftrians,  formed  a  right 
angle  with  the  interval  juft  delcribed,  the  Ruffians 
facing  the  weft,  and  the  Auftrians  the  fouth  j  a 
pofition  which  was  very  difadvantageous  to  the 
Turks  :  and  Suworow  fent  the  Colonel  Zalotu- 
chin  to  Prince  Cobourg,  to  defire  him  immediately 
to  advance,  as  foon  as  he  fhould  fee  him  commence 
the  attack. 

Prince  Cobourg  had  already  been  engaged  in  the 
preceding  battle,  wherein  the  Turks,  being  preffed 
by  the  Ruffians,  and  overpowered  by  the  crofs  fire 
of  the  two  corps,  had  abandoned  the  held  of  battle, 
leaving  a  great  number  of  their  men  upon  the  field. 
They  no  fooner  faw  the  Auftrians  approaching, 
than  they  fled  towards  the  main  body  of  the  army, 
which  was  in  the  wood,  and  numerous  parties  ftill 
joined  them  from  the  camp  of  Rymnik.  Thefe  bo- 
dies appeared  by  degrees  on  the  right  wing  of  the 
Ruffians,  as  if  to  attack  them  in  the  rear ;  but  little 
notice  was  taken  of  their  menaces. 

Thejnore  the  two  combined  corps  advanced  in 
the  order  defcribed,  the  more  the  interval  that  fe- 
parated  them  was  alfo  narrowed.  The  left  wing  of 
the  Auftrians  opened  itfelf  on  the  right  of  the  Hurts 
of  the  wood.  The  Ruffian  platoon  formed  in  a 
femi  circle,  and  marched,  with  loud  exclamations. 


CAMPAIGNS.  17 

to  the  front  of  the  wood,  which  was  intrenched. 
A  dreadful  fire  proceeded  from  it,  and,  to  fave  his 
men,  Suworow  ordered  the  cavalry  to  attack  in  the 
interval  of  the  platoons,  becaufe  they  might  eafily 
penetrate  into  the  wood,  through  which  they  might 
fee  light  behind  the  intrenchmcnts.  In  that  part 
there  were  above  fifteen  thou  fand  jani Maries,  moftly 
armed  only  with  a  fabre,  called  dalglitfch ;  and 
their  cavalry  covered  the  two  wings  of  the  wood. 

The  long  and  formidable  line  of  the  cavalry 
cleared  the  ditches,  and  parapets,  charged  the  janif- 
faries,  and  made  a  dreadful  carnage.  The  Turks 
defended  themfelves  molt  defperately  with  the  fabre 
and  the  poniard,  and  fuffered  themfelves  to  be  cut 
to  pieces  upon  their  cannon,  as  if  they  had  been 
chained  to  them.  The  carabineers  of  Starodubow, 
commanded  by  Miklafc.hewfki,  were  the  firtt  who 
rufhed  forward,  with  the  Imperial  and  Barko  huf- 
fars.  The  Coffacs  and  the  Arnauts,  who  wTere  in 
the  front  of  the  right  wing,  fell  upon  the  Turkifh 
cavalry,  broke  through  them  every  where,  and  at- 
tacked the  wood  behind  ;  while  the  Arnauts  of  the 
Auftrians  and  the  Hulans  performed  the  fame  ma- 
noeuvre on  the  left  wing.  All  the  platoons  foon 
followed  the  cavalry,  and  cut  in  pieces  all  they 
found  in  their  way.  Colonel  Bardakow's  platoon 
of  grenadiers,  which  was  the  neareft  to  the  Auftri- 
ans, and  thole  of  Kaunitz  and  Colleredo,  diftin- 
guifhed  themfelves  on  this  occafion. 

At  four  in  the  afternoon  the  combined  corps  were 
mailers  of  the  wood,  and  the  Turks  no  longer  made 
a  ffand  any  where,  but  fled  in  the  utmoft  alarm  and 
diforder.    Colonel  Scherfhnew  was  left  in  the  rear, 

C 


su  wo  row's 


with  his  platoon  on  the  part  of  the  Auftrians,  to 
keep  poffeffion  of  the  wood,  and  guard  the  artillery 
taken  from  the  enemy  ;  while  the  red  continued  to 
purine  them.  On  all  fides  the  ground  was  cover- 
ed with  dead ;  for  it  was  thought  expedient  not  to 
give  the  Turks  quarter,  on  account  of  the  immenfe 
number  of  their  army,  and  the  weaknefs  of  the  alli- 
ed corps.  Hence  the  Ruffians  and  Auftrians  killed 
all  they  met,  and  Poliwanow  charged  a  party  with 
his  fquadron,  and  cut  five  hundred  men  to  pieces. 

From  the  other  fide  of  Kringumaelor  to  the  river 
of  Rymnick,  is  about  a  mile.  This  road  was  en- 
cumbered with  a  great  quantity  of  trains  of  artillery 
and  caiffbns,  which  the  Turks  had  endeavoured  to 
fave  from  the  woods ;  but  not  being  able  to  drag 
them  any  farther,  they  had  left  the  matches  burning. 
Hence  many  of  the  caiffbns  blew  up,  which  imped- 
ed the  purfuit,  and  did  much  mifchief. 

The  Grand  Vizier,  a  man  much  efteemed  for  his 
courage  and  his  talents,  was  in  a  very  deplorable 
Mate  of  health,  having  been  attacked  with  the  afth- 
ma;  and,  contrary  to  the  cuftom  of  the  Turks,  had 
come  in  a  carriage,  though  he  mounted  a  horfe  dur- 
ing the  action,  and  did  his  utmoit  to  rally  his  men, 
and  led  them  back  to  the  charge.  He  conjured 
them,  in  the  name  of  the  Alcoran,  which  he  held 
up  before  them  ;  and,  to  leave  no  motive  untried, 
he  cau fed  two  field-pieces,  which  were  near  him, 
and  were  the  only  cannon  faved,  to  be  pointed, 
and  fired  upon  them.  But  his  troops  were  infenfi- 
ble  to  every  thing  but  fe^r,  and  he  was  wholly  una- 
ble to  re-animate  their  courage.  Ofman  Bacha  was 
feen  fometimes  riding  among  his  troops,  but  with- 
out being  able  to  flop  their  flight. 


CAMPAIGNS.  19 

The  victorious  forces  arrived  at  fun-fet  at  the  ri- 
ver of  Rymnick,  where  a  prodigious  quantity  of 
men  had  been  drowned,  as  well  as  of  horfes  and 
cattle.  Its  courfe  was  alfo  obflrufted  in  various 
parts  by  above  a  hundred  carriages  and  waggons. 
All  that  were  able  to  fly,  had  haftened  to  feek 
their  fafcty  on  the  oppofite  bank. 

The  camp  of  the  great  army  of  the  Turks  was 
on  the  hither  fide  of  the  river;  but  it  was  in  fo  fil- 
thy a  ftate,  that  it  was  fcarcely  poffible  to  breathe 
there.  In  various  places  wrere  cafks  o<  powder, 
near  which  the  Turks,  when  taking  to  flight,  had 
left  lighted  matches,  and  they  had  alfo  buried 
combuftibles,  fome  of  which  blew  up  among 
the  troops,  and  wounded  feveral  of  the  men.  In 
this  camp  the  allied  troops  made  an  immenfc  booty, 
and  in  the  river. 

Suworow  had  previoufly  refolved  not  to  pafs 
the  river  that  day,  becaufe  the  troops,  fatigued 
with  the  labours  of  the  day,  and  the  long  march  that 
preceded  it,  were  in  want  of  reft.  He  therefore 
pitched  his  camp  half  a  mile  from  Prince  Cobourg. 
This  intrepid  and  indefatigable  general  foon  after 
came  into  Suworow's  tent,  when  they  congratulated 
each  other  with  the  effufions  of  the  warmell  friend- 
fhip.  Several  Auftrian  generals  and  ftafF-officers 
alfo  came  to  the  Ruffian  camp,  and  General  Ka- 
ratfehay  could  fcarcely  perfuade  himfelf  to  quit  Su- 
worow. 

In  the  evening,  Prince  Cobourg  received  a  cou- 
rier from  Prince  Potemkin.  Among  other  things, 
this  di (patch  contained  fome  reproaches  on  ac- 
count of  the  pontoons  not  having  been  ready. 
Prince  Cobourg,  who,  as  a  prince  in  the  empire, 


20 


S  U  WO  ROW'S 


and  in  the  emperor's  fervice,  was  not  under  the 
command  of  Potemkin,  was  much  difgufted  at 
this  reprimand;  and  it  was  laid  that  if  the  courier 
had  arrived  fooner,  he  would  not  have  engaged  the 
enemy. 

Next  morning,  at  day-break,  Suworow  ordered 
two  regiments  of  Coffacs  to  pais  the  river,  together 
with  all  the  Arnauts,  and  two  fquadrons  of  imperial 
huffars,  to  feize  the  camp,  which  the  enemy  had 
abandoned  on  the  other  bank,  and  purfue  them  Hill 
farther.  This  was  the  camp  of  the  grand  vizier 
himfelf,  and  confiderable  riches  were  found  there, 
together  with  the  large  and  fuperb  tent  of  that 
generaliffimo,  the  interior  of  which  was  almoft 
entirely  of  cloth  of  gold  and  filver.  A  few  hun- 
dred Turks  were  alfo  found  there,  who  were  cut  in 
pieces. 

A  great  many  Turks  had  alfo  remained  in  the 
■wood,  where  they  imagined  themfeives  in  fafety. 
Prince  Cobourg  fent  fome  infantry  and  huffars  to 
fcour  it,  who  killed  a  great  many  fugitives,  and  fired 
at  thofe  who  had  taken  refuge  in  the  trees. 

Thus  terminated  the  viclory  gained  on  the  twen- 
ty-fecond  September,  1798,  over  the  Ottoman 
army,  commanded  by  the  grand  vizier,  at  Rymnik, 
on  a  field  of  battle  five  miles  in  extent.  The  Au- 
llrians  have  called  this  vi&ory  the  battle  of  Martin- 
efti,  from  a  village  of  that  name,  formerly  fitu- 
ated  on  the  Rymnik,  but  which  then  no  longer 
exifted. 

The  lofs  of  the  enemy  was  five  thoufand  men, 
who  remained  upon  the  field  of  battle,  two  thoufand 
killed  in  the  woods,  or  who  died  of  their  wounds, 
and  three  thoufand  drowned  in  the  Rymnik  and  the 


CAMPAIGNS. 


21 


Bufco  ;  among  the  latter  of  whom  was  the  Reis 
Effendi ;  in  all/ten  thoufand  men.  Very  few  were 
made  prifoners,  for  the  reafon  already  mentioned. 
The  grand  vizier,  in  the  account  he  fent  to  the 
grand  lignior,  eftimated  his  lofs  at  twenty  ihoufand, 
including  deferters. 

The  combined  corps  fuffered  very  little  lofs. 
The  Auftnans  had  one  hundred  and  fifty  men 
killed,  fome  of  whom  were  officers,  and  three  hun- 
dred wounded.  The  Ruffians  had  only  fifty-feven 
men  killed,  among  whom  was  one  Coffac  officer, 
and  one  hundred  and  ten  wounded. 

They  took  fixty -eight  pieces  of  cannon,  twelve 
mortars,  and  a  quarter  of  the  hege  artillery,  with  one 
hundred  ftandards,  and  a  great  quantity  of  ammuni- 
tion, provifions  and  cattle. 

According  to  the  leaft  exaggerated  accounts,  the 
Turkifh  army  confifted  of  from  ninety  to  one  hun- 
dred thoufand  men.  The  Turks  themfelves  efti- 
mated their  numbers  at- one  hundred  and  fifteen 
thoufand,  of  which  fixty  or  feventy  thoufand  were 
chofen  troops.  There  were  three  Bachas  with  three 
tails,  three  of  two  tails,  and  many  others.  The 
greater  part  of  the  troops  were  cavalry.  The  alli- 
ed army,  as  was  Hated  above,  confifted  of  twenty- 
five  thoufand  men. 

The  grand  vizier  fled,  with  the  remains  of  his 
army,  to  Brahilow,  where  he  remained  about  a 
fortnight,  to  collecl  his  fcattered  troops ;  and,  as 
they  were  all  for  retreating  beyond  the  Danube* 
he  was  obliged  to  pafs  that  river  and  retreat  to 
Schumka,  where  he  was  abandoned  by  the  greater 
part  of  them.  He  afterwards  retired  to  his  eftate  in 
Romelia,  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  which  was  in 


22 


SÜWOROW's 


a  rapid  decline.  His  court  did  not  punifh  him  for 
having  loft  the  battle,  and  he  died  of  his  diforder  the 
following  year.  The  Serafluer  Halfan  Bacha,  who 
had  been  captain  bacha,  fucceeded  him  in  his  office 
of  grand  vizier. 

It  was  now  propofcd  to  pufh  the  advantages  of 
this  vi&ory  (till  farther,  and  the  pontoons  were 
already  prepared  for  the  paffage  of  the  Bufco,  and 
march  to  Brahilow  ;  but  fortune  put  a  Hop  to  this 
project ;  and  certain  changes  in  political  affairs 
caufed  the  two  corps  to  feparate.  Three  days  after 
the  battle,  Suworow  dined  with  Prince  Cobourg, 
took  leave  of  him  as  of  a  friend  whom  he  very 
highly  cfteemed,  and  went  to  Berlat.  The  prince 
fetoff  for  Forhani;  but  foon  received  orders  toenter 
Wallachia.  He  entered  Bukareft  as  the  conqueror 
of  the  grand  vizier,  and  put  his  tiojps  in  winter 
quarters  in  that  province. 

The  taking  of  Bender,  and  Belgrade,  were  the 
immediate  confequences  of  the  victory  of  Rymnik. 
The  firft  of  thefe  places  furrendered  to  Prince 
Potentin,  on  the  news  of  the  defeat  of  the  grand 
vizier,  which  was  brought  by  fome  fugitives  to  the 
Bacha,  who  commanded  the  place.  Their  lives 
and  property  were  granted  to  the  garrifon,  as  well 
as  to  the  inhabitants,  with  permifhon  to  retire  be- 
yond the  Danube. 

Belgrade  after  its  fuburbs  had  been  taken  by  efca- 
lade,  capitulated  to  Field- Marfhal  Laudohn,  the 
28th  September,  1789. 

The  emperor  advanced  prince  Cobourg  to  the 
rank  of  neld-marfhal  ;  and  conferred  on  Suworow 
the  dignity  of  count  of  the  empire. 


CAMPAIGNS.  23 

The  emprefs,  truly  fenfible  of  his  great  anc^ 
important  fcrvices,  overwhelmed  him  with  her 
favours. 

She  inftantly  fent  him,  as  well  as  to  Prince  Co- 
bourg,  a  fword  enriched  with  diamonds,  with  a 
branch  of  laurel,  bearing  for  its  device,  '*  To  the 
conqueror  of  the  grand  vizier."  He  received  alfo 
the  order  of  St.  Andrew,  decorated  with  brilliants. 
Thefe  two  prefents  alone  were  eftimated  at  fixty 
thoufand  roubles. 

In  a  fhort  time  after,  he  received  the  diploma  of 
count  of  the  empire  of  RufTia,  with  the  title  of 
Rymnikfki,  and  the  order  of  St.  Andrew,  of  the 
firft  clafs.  By  a  fingular  coincidence,  the  two  im- 
perial diplomas  were  executed  by  their  refpec- 
tive  fovereigns,  at  Vienna  and  Peterfburgh,  on  the 
fame  day. 

The  officers  and  foldiers  of  both  corps  were 
rewarded  with  appropriate  favour.  The  former 
received  advancement,  and  dillinclive  decoration, 
and  the  latter  were  gratified  with  pecuniary  recom- 
pence.  Thofe  who  had  particularly  diftinguifhed 
themfelves,  were  prefented  with  a  medal,  bearing 
the  infcription  of  Rymnik,  which  they  were  per- 
mitted to  wear,  as  the  ornament  of  their  uniform. 

The  following  letters  were  fent  to  Suworow,  from 
the  Emperor  Jofeph,  of  Germany,  and  the  Emprefs 
Catharine,  of  Rußia : 

General  and  Commander-in-Chief. 

"  You  may  readily  conceive  the  pleafure  which 
u  the  victory  you  obtained  on  the  twenty-firtt  of 
"  September,  over  the  grand  vizier,  has  afforded 


«4 


su  wo  row's 


44  me.  I  acknowledge  myfelf  to  be  indebted  for 
44  it  to  the  rapidity  of  your  junction  with  the  corps 
44  of  the  Prince  Cobourg,  as  well  as  to  your  per- 
"  fonal  valour,  and  the  heroifm  of  the  troops  of 
*4  her  majefty,  under  your  command. 

44  Receive  then  as  a  public  teftimony  of  my 
"  gratitude,  the  diploma  of  count  of  the  Holy  Ro- 
u  man  Empire,  which  accompanies  this  letter.  I 
64  moft  fmcerely  hope,  that  this  hereditary  title  will 
C4  always  continue  to  preferve  in  your  family  the 
44  memory  of  this  glorious  battle  :  and  I  doubt  not, 
44  that  her  Imperial  majefty,  from  her  peculiar 
44  good-will  to  you,  general  and  commandcr-in- 
44  chief,  and  from  friendship  for  me,  will  permit 
4;  you  to  except  this  diploma,  and  enjoy  it.  I  fur- 
44  ther  defire  that  you  will  reft  aifured  of  the  high 
44  efteem  with  which  I  am,  your  afre&ionate, 

44  Joseph. 

44  Vienna,  Ottober  ig,  1789." 


To  our  Commander-in-Chief  Count  Suworom 
Rymnikjki, 

44  The  fingular  zeal  which  you^ave  difplayed 
Si  for  our  fervice  on  various  occanons ;  the  care 
44  and  vigilance  of  which  you  have  given  fuch  an 
44  example,  as  commander-in-chief;  the  uncommon 
44  ardour,  courage,  and  ability,  by  which  you  fig- 
44  nalized  yourfelf,  in  attacking,  on  the  22d  of 
44  September,  the  numerous  Ottoman  army,  com- 
44  manded  by  the  grand  vizier,  on  the  Rymnik, 
44  when  you  gained  a  complete  viclory  over  the 


CAMPAIGNS.  fig 

<c  enemy,  with  our  troops  and  thofe  of  his  majeftj^ 
44  the  Roman  emperor,  under  the  command  of  the 
44  Prince  of  Cobourg,  are  fo  many  diftinct  claims 
"  to  our  Imperial  regard.  As  a  teftimony  of  it, 
44  we  name  you,  according  to  the  inftitution  of 
44  our  military  order  of  Saint  George,  knight  of 
44  the  firft  clafs  of  that  order,  and  we  command  you 
44  to  wear  the  decoration  which  we  now  fend  you. 

46  Catharine. 
«4  St.  Peterfourg,  0 Holer  18,  1789." 


Count  Alexander  Baßlowitfch. 

44  The  talents  and  intrepidity  which  you  have 
44  difplayed  in  the  command  of  the  army  at  the 
44  battle  of  Rymnik,  where  you  have  gained  a  com- 
44  plete  victory  over  the  Grand  Vizier,  qualify  you 
44  to  receive  the  order  of  Saint  George,  of  the 
44  third  clafs. 

44  Her  Imperial  majefty  has  thought  proper  thus 
44  to  render  juftice  to  your  merit.  I  experience  a 
44  very  fenfible  pleafure  in  tranfmitting  to  you  the 
44  letter  of  her  Imperial  majefty,  with  the  decora- 
44  tion  of  the  order,  and  I  look  forward  to  the 
44  ardent  zeal  with  which  you  will  fly  to  new 
44  exploits,  for  the  fervice  of  her  Imperial  ma- 
"  jefty. 

44  I  requeft  of  you  to  be  convinced  of  the  real 
44  efteem  and  fincere  attachment,  with  which  I  have 
44  the  honour  to  be,  Sec.  <&c. 

44  Prince  Potemkin  Tauritschewski, 
,;  Cm?  at    Bender,  Nov.  14,  1789." 

D 


26 


su  wo  row's 


C  H  A  P.  XI. 

COUNT  Suworow  proceeded  by  eafy  marches 
to  Berlat,  on  the  Sereih ;  and  encamped  on 
the  bank  of  that  river,  near  the  little  town  of  Tekut- 
fch,  where  he  remained  fome  days,  and  from  whence 
he  fent  an  official  report  of  the  battle  of  Rymnik 
to  Peterfburg.  He  afterwards  ordered  a  public 
thankfgiving  for  the  victory.  He  arrived  at  the 
camp  of  Berlat  at  the  latter  end  of  September,  and 
celebrated  the  feftival  on  the  firft  of  October. 

During  his  abfence,  Lieutentant-General  Mcihe- 
lowiz  had  conducted  his  corps  to  Faltfchi,  where  he 
remained  fome  time,  under  the  command  of  Suwo- 
row. There  arrived  alio  fome  regiments  of  cavalry 
and  infantry,  with  two  regiments  of  CofTacs,  who 
were  alfo  under  his  command,  till  he  fent  them  into 
winter  quarters. 

At  this  time,  the  general  engaged  in  a  very  friendly 
intercourfe  with  the  Serafkier  of  Brahilow  •  and,  in 
order  to  avoid  the  effufion  of  blood  between  the 
two  armies,  they  fettled  the  following  articles : — 
The  general  agreed  to  give  notice  to  the  Serafkier 
in  cafe  he  fhould  receive  orders  to  march  againft 
him  ;  while  the  latter  engaged  to  difplay  only  an 
appearance  of  defence,  and  to  furrender  on  certain 
conditions.  But  infurmountable  obftacles  prefent- 
ed  themfelves,  which  prevented  the  execution  of 
this  plan. 

The  corps  of  Cobourg  and  Suworow  were  en- 
camped near  to  each  other,  on  the  oppofite  banks 
of  the  Sereth.  The  generals,  officers,  and  foldicrs 
of  both,  lived  together  in  the  greateft  harmony,  fo 


CAMPAIGNS.  27 

that  it  appeared  as  if  they  belonged  to  one  common 
fovereign.  ^ 

After  the  fur  render  of  Belgrade,  the  Prince 
bourg  had  received  a  very  confiderable  reinforce- 
ment from  the  Bannat;   fo  that,  in  the  fpring, 
his  army  was  augmented  to  forty-five  thoufand 
men. 

The  dcfign~of  the  Auftrians  was  to  open  the  cam- 
paign with  Suworow  ;  but  as  he  had  not  received 
orders  to  move,  he  was  ftill  in  winter-quarters,  when 
the  Prince  Cobourg  aflembled  the  greateft  part  of 
his  army  at  Buchareft  ;  which  was  in  April,  1790. 
He  proceeded  to  Schurfch,  but  the  hege  of  that 
place  being  deferred,  he  returned  to  encamp  at 
Buchareft. 

Soon  after  the  capture  of  Bender,  Haffan  Bacha, 
who  was  then  Grand  Vizier,  difpatched  a  deputy 
from  Schumla  to  Prince  Potemkin,  to  make  pro- 
politions  of  peace.  Many  couriers  pafled  and  re- 
paffed  on  the  occafion ;  appearances  feemed  to 
announce  ferious  negociations ;  and,  it  is  probable, 
that  peace  would  have  been  concluded,  if  the  death 
of  Haffan  Bacha,  which  was  accelerated  by  the  Di- 
van, had  not  difTipated  that  expectation  :  as  the 
minifters  of  the  Porte  were  defirous  of  continuing 
the  war. 

Juffuf  Bacha,  who  had  been  invefled  with  the 
dignity  of  Grand  Vizier,  at  the  beginning  of  the 
firft  campaign,  was,  in  a  fhort  time  after  the  death 
of  Haffan  Bacha,  again  railed  to  that  eminent  fta- 
tion.  In  the  month  of  May,  he  proceeded  to  Rut- 
fchuck,  beyond  Schurfch,  with  an  army  which  he 
had  collected  at  Schumla,  and  palled  the  Danube  at 
the  firft  of  thefe  places. 


28 


SUWOROW'S 


His  progrefs  was  very  flow  till  the  end  of  that 
^month,  when  the  fmall  body  of  forces,  encamped 
before  Schurfch,  effected  his  paffage.  The  defign 
of  the  Grand  Vizier  was  to  attack  Prince  Cobourg 
at  Buchareft;  and,  if  he  mould  be  fuccefsful,  to 
poffefs  himfelf,  not  only  of  that  capital,  but  of  all 
Wallachia. 

In  the  mean  time  Suworow  had  received  orders 
to  march  and  to  form  a  junction  with  Prince  Co- 
bourg. He  left  behind  him  at  Berlat  two  bat- 
talions with  the  field-pieces,  three  fquadrons  of 
cavalry,  two  hundred  CofTacs,  and  five  hundred 
Arnauts.  The  body  of  referve  remained  upon  the 
Pruth,  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant-General 
Count  Melin.  He  went  afterwards  with  a  con- 
fiderable  body  of  troops  to  occupy  a  poft  at 
Tekutfch ;  and  Melin  was  relieved  by  Prince 
Gallitzin. 

Suworow,  when  he  ordered  his  troops  out  of 
winter-quarters,  fixed  the  rendezvous  at  Kilieni,  on 
the  oppohte  bank  of  the  Sereth,  where  the  Aullrians 
had  conftructed  bridges,  about  twenty  miles  from 
Berlat ;  and  the  whole  corps  were  collected  there  at 
the  place  appointed. 

The  corps  confifted  of  four  battalions  of  grena- 
diers and  fufileers,  with  their  field  pieces,  and  twenty 
pieces  of  heavy  artillery ;  twelve  fquadrons  of  cara- 
bineers ;  four  regiments  of  CofTacs ;  in  all,  fifteen 
thoufand  men,  with  two  thoufand  Arnauts.  It  was 
commanded  by  Lieutenaut-General  Derfelden,  and 
the  Major-Generals  Londfkoy  and  Pofniakow.  It 
encamped  for  fifteen  days  at  Kilieni ;  and  was, 
curing  that  time,  employed  in  praäifing  different 
manoeuvres. 


CAMPAIGNS.  29 

About  this  time,  Suworow  received  the  following 
letter  from  the  Emperor  Leopold  : — 

General  and  Commander-in-Chief. 

"  My  Field- Marfhal,  the  Prince  Cobourg,  has 
*6  tranfraitted  to  me  your  letter  of  the  26th  of 
"  March.  I  very  highly  eftimate  the  fentiments 
ff  which  you  have  always  entertained  for  his  majes- 
<6  ty  the  emperor,  my  brother,  and  that  fince  the 
66  afflicting  lols  we  have  fuftained  by  his  death,  you 
C;  promife  to  preferve  them  for  the  fupport  of 
"  the  common  caufe  and  for  myfelf.  The  teftimo- 
*  nies  which  you  give  me  of  your  zeal,  afford  me 
f£  lingular  fatisfaclion.  Be  allured,  general,  that  I 
"  poffefs  a  very  ardent  defire  to  find  an  opportunity 
*'  to  convince  you  of  my  high  elteem. 

"  Leopold. 

"  Vienna,  May  3,  1790." 

While  thefe  various  tranfa&ions  were  proceeding, 
a  large  party  of  the  Turkifh  army  had  palfed  the 
Danube.  Prince  Cobourg  gave  inftant  notice  of 
this  circumftance  to  Suworow  ;  and,  at  the  fame 
time,  requefted  him  to  draw  nearer  to  him  with  the 
Ruffian  forces.  The  general  accordingly  fet  out 
that  very  night,  and  went  down  the  Sereth  to  Girnef- 
chrie,  where  he  remained  a  month. 

Having  received  frefh  intelligence  from  Prince 
Cobourg,who  announced  that  the  Turks  were  in  full 
march,  and  that  they  had  already  fent  numerous 
parties  into  the  interior  of  the  country,  the  troops 
were  inftantly  in  motion,  made  ten  miles  in  two 
days,  and  encamped  at  Refipeni  on  the  Bufeo. 


go  su  wo  row's 

They  fuffcred  very  much  during  this  march  ;  the 
very  hot  weather  having  dried  up  all  the  brooks. 
Mefarofch,  the  Auftrian  quarter-mafter-general,  was 
encamped,  with  a  fmall  body  of  troops,  to  the  right 
of  the  Ruffians. 

Suworow  had  been  fome  time  in  this  pofition, 
when  Colonel  Fifcher  arived,  (i  ith  Auguft)  charged 
with  a  letter  from  Prince  Cobourg,  and  a  verbal 
melTage  which  he  had  not  time  to  write.  By  this 
difpatch,  the  general  was  informed  that  the  Grand 
Vizier  had  palled  the  Danube  with  the  greater  part 
of  his  army  ;  that  his  advanced  guard  appeared  at  a 
few  miles  from  Schurfch  ;  and  that  there  was  every 
appearance  that  the  Ottomans  would  very  fhortly 
make  their  attack. 

Suworow  immediately  gave  his  orders,  and,  in 
three  days,  he  had  encamped  at  Afumaz,  two  miles 
from  Prince  Cobourg,  at  Bucharcft,  and  eighteen 
from  his  laft  pofition.  The  day  after  his  arrival,  he 
paid  a  viht  to  the  Prince,  who  returned  with  him 
to  Afumez,  where  they  arranged  the  neceflary 
difpofitions. 

The  Ruffians  and  Auftrians,  always  animated  by 
the  fame  fpirit  of  union  and  goodwill,  were  delight- 
ed at  being  again  united  ;  and  pofTefTed  the  common 
ardour  to  continue  the  career  of  duty  and  glory  to- 
gether. The  Turks,  however,*  had  called  in  their 
advanced  guard,  as  well  as  all  their  parties. 

The  Grand  Vizier,  Jufiuf  Bacha,  who  was  at 
Schurfch,  had  been  informed  of  the  junction  of 
Prince  Cobourg  wTith  Suworow.  At  the  very  mo- 
ment when  a  peafant  gave  him  this  unexpected  intel- 
ligence, he  was  occupied  in  forming  the  plan  of  an 
attack,  which  he  meditated  againil  the  Aullrians  : 


CAMPAIGNS.  3  t 

and  letting  the  pen  fall  from  his  hand,  he  exclaimed, 
"  What  is  now  to  be  done  !" 

The  troops,  commanded  by  the  Prince  Cobourg, 
confided  of  forty  thoufand  men,  Germans  and  Hun- 
garians. There  was  alfo  fome  fmail  detatchments, 
diflributed  in  different  parts  of  Wallachia,  which 
might  very  readily  be  collected,  fo  that  his  army 
might  be  faid  to  confift  of  fifty  thoufand  men  in  a 
high  date  of  difcipline.  It  would  have  been,  there- 
fore, a  matter  of  difficulty  or  doubt,  to  have  driven 
the  Turks  from  Schurfch,  and  to  penetrate  into 
Bulgaria. 

But  the  face  of  affairs  was  almod  inftantly  chang- 
ed. Ina  few  days  after  the  junction  of  the  two  ar- 
mies, Colonel  Fifcher,  arrived  at  Suworow's  camp 
with  the  intelligence,  that  anarmiltce  was  agreed  up- 
on at  Reichenbach,  which  checked  all  farther  ope- 
rations, and  delivered  the  Grand  Vizier,  from  his 
perilous  (ituation. 

On  the  following  day,  the.  generals  of  the  allied 
armies  bid  adieu  to  each,  with  every  mark  of  regard 
and  regret. 

Suworow  now  paffed  the  Bufeo  to  return  to  Ki- 
lieni,  where  he  had  already  been,  and  remained 
there  till  the  end  of  September.  From  thence  he 
palfed  the  Sereth,  having  thrown  a  bridge  of  boats 
over  that  river,  and  encamped  at  Marimeni,  at  five 
miles  from  Galaz. 

While  he  was  at  Kilieni,  Prince  Potemkin  wrote 
to  him,  requeuing  a  particular  conference.  Suwo- 
row conjectured  the  object  of  it,  and  fent  him  the 
following  anfwer: — "  The  flotilla  of  row-boats 
"  will  get  pofiedion  of  the  mouths  of  the  Danube  ; 
"  Tulcia  and  Ifaccia  will  fall  into  our  power  ;  our 


.  3*  su  wo  row's 

"  troops,  fupported  by  the  veflels,  will  take  tfmai- 
"  low  and  Brahilow,  and  make  Tfchiftow  tremble.'* 

In  facl,  a  very  fhort  time  after,  Admiral  Ribas 
entered  into  the  branches  of  the  Danube  with  the 
flotilla,  gained  different  advantages  over  the  Turks, 
and  took  Tulcia  by  efcalade. 

The  light  troops  formed  the  advanced  polls  in  the 
vicinity  of  Galaz  :  neverthelefs,  the  fmall  Turkifh 
velfels  continued  to  pafs  between  that  place  and 
Brahilow,  without  the  lead  interruption.  One  night 
however,  there  appeared  to  be  a  combat  between  a 
great  number  of  thefe  boats,  the  caufe  and  nature 
of  which  the  Ruffians  could  not  comprehend.  An 
officer,  therefore,  was  detached,  with  four  chaloupes 
belonging  to  the  Arnauts,  and  it  was  foon  difcover- 
ed  that  a  number  of  Chriftian  prifoners,  to  the 
amount  of  a  hundred  of  both  fexes,  having  made  an 
attempt  foefcape,  they  were  purfuedand  cannonaded 
in  their  flight  by  the  Turks.  The  captives,  howe- 
ver, were  delivered,  and  fix  large  Turkilh  chaloupes 
taken. 

Suworow  orderded  thefe  chaloupes  to  be  armed 
with  a  few  pieces  of  artillery,  and  frequently  manceu- 
vered..  He  then  ordered  entrenchments  to  be  form- 
ed on  the  bank,  and  ftrengthened  with  foldiers  and 
artillery.  When  they  were  completed,  he  took  up 
his  quarters  there,  with  two  battalions  of  grenadiers 
and  tufileers ;  and  from  thence  maintained  a  conti- 
nual communication  with  Major-General  Ribas. 
General  Derfelden  remained  with  the  reit  of  the 
troops  at  Marimeni. 

About  this  time,  Suworow  received  the  following 
letter,  from  Prince  Cobourg,  as  a  monument  of  the 
reciprocal  regard  which  was  entertained  by  thefe 


CAMPAIGNS.  33 

warriors.  General,  44  I  mult  quit  you  on  Friday 

44  next,  to  take  upon  me  my  new  command  in 
44  Hungary  ;  and  no  circumftance  of  my  departure 
44  is  fo  afflicting  to  me,  as  my  feparation  from  fuch 
"  a  worthy  and  ineftimable  friend. 

44  I  know  how  to  value  your  elevated  charafrer  • 
u  our  friendfhip  has  been  formed  by  circumftances 
44  of  the  greateft  importance ;  and,  on  every  occa- 
"  fion,  I  have  had  reafon  to  admire  you  as  a  hero, 
44  and  to  cherifli  you  as  a  man. 

44  Judge,  then,  yourfelf,  my  incomparable  maf- 
"  ter,  of  the  regret  I  fuffer  in  feparating  myfelf 
44  from  a  man,  who  has  fo  many  claims  upon  rny 
"  particular  regard  and  attachment.  You  alone 
44  can  confok  me,  by  preferving  that  affe&ion  with 
44  which  you  have  already  honoured  me  :  and  I 
44  proteft  to  you,  that  frequent  affurances  of  your 
44  friendfhip  are  abfolutely  necefTary  to  my  hap- 
"  pinefs. 

M  I  cannot  bear  the  thought  of  taking  a  perfonal 
"  leave  of  you,  and  in  the  avowal  of  this  fentiment, 
"  I  appeal  to  thofe  of  your  own  breaft.  I  moft 
"  folemnly  declare,  that  I  feel  for  you  the  moil 
"  ardent  friendfhip,  and  I  trufl:  that  you  will  grant 
M  me  the  continuation  of  yours,  which  has  been,  to 
"  the  prefent  moment,  the  delight  of  my  military  life. 

64  Beafluredof  a  return  of  my  moft  laftingacknow- 
"  ledgements.  You  will  ever  be  the  molt  cherifhed 
"  friend  that  heaven  has  granted  me  :  for  no  one 
64  has  an  equal  claim  to  the  high  regard  with  which 
11  I  am  your  excellency's 

"  Moft  humble  fervant, 

44  Pr.  Cobourg  "' 
44  Buckareß,  13  October.  17..0. 
E 


34  su  wo  row's 

Soon  after  the  account  of  the  taking  of  Tulcia, 
Suworow  had  the  fatisfaclion  to  learn,  that  Admiral 
Ribas,  the  brother  of  the  general  of  that  name,  had 
made  himfelf  mafter  of  Ifaccia.  During  the  opera- 
tions of  the  attack,  the  Chriftians  and  Jews,  who 
had  made  an  attempt  to  quit  the  place,  were  efcort- 
ed  by  the  Turks,  to  Brahilow. 

At  the  fame  time  General  Muller  befieged  Kilia, 
where  he  received  feveral  wounds,  of  which  he  un- 
fortunately died.  This  place  was  moft  vigoroufly 
befieged,  during  three  weeks ;  but  a  breach  being 
effected,  it  furrendered  on  capitulation  to  Lieute- 
nant General  Sudowitfch,  who  was  immediately  ad- 
vanced to  the  rank  of  commander-in-chief. 

In  the  beginning  of  November,  Suworow  made 
his  approaches  to  die  important  fortrefs  of  Ifmai- 
low.  Admiral  Ribas,  in  a  few  weeks  after,  arrived 
with  his  flotilla,  and  not  a  day  palfed  without  an  en- 
gagement. The  Turks  had  about  a  hundred  and 
fifty  veflels  with  oars  :  and  Ribas  had  about  a 
hundred,  with  feventy  chaloupes  of  Tchrnomer. 
He  very  frequently  gained  considerable  advantages, 
even  under  the  very  cannon  of  the  place.  He  burn- 
ed or  took  at  leaf!  one  half  of  the  enemy's  veflels, 
and  loft  a  very  few  of  his  own. 

At  length,  the  advanced  Mate  of  the  feafon,  and 
unfortunate  weather,  obliged  him  to  raife  the  liege ; 
and  the  land-forces  retired  from  before  Ifmailow, 
to  enter  into  winter  quarters. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


C  H  A  P.  XII. 

THE  troops  were  already  on  their  march,  when 
General  Suworow  received  an  order,  from 
Field  Marfhal  Prince  Potemkin,  to  repair  from 
Galaz  to  Ifmailow,  and  to  take  the  place  at  all 
1  zards. 

He  was  perfectly  aware  of  the  great  danger  and 
rifk  of  fuch  an  enterprize,  from  the  advanced  flate 
of  the  feafon  ;  nor  did  it  appear  probable  that  any 
t!  ing  decifive  could  be  accomplished  againfl:  fo 
ftrong  a  place ;  and  which  the  Turks  regarded  as 
impregnable,  from  its  numerous  garrifon.  Never- 
thelefs,  he  inftantly  obeyed  the  command  which  he 
had  received. 

He  made  all  the  neceflary  difpofitions  for  this 
extraordinary  undertaking,  and  arrived  on  the  fe- 
cond  day  at  Ifmailow,  which  is  twenty  miles  from 
Galaz. 

Admiral  Ribas  remained  with  his  flotilla,  on  his 
former  ftation,  on  the  Danube.  He  alfo  fortified 
an  IGand  over  againfl;  Ifmailow,  where  he  hadeftab- 
lifhed  batteries,  from  which  he  annoyed  the  town 
with  bombs,  and  oftentimes  fet  it  on  fire.  The 
Ottoman  fleet  had  been  fo  much  weakened,  that  it 
dared  not  venture  on  an  engagement,  but  kept  its 
pofition  in  the  harbour,  and  under  the  prote6tion  of 
the  place. 

All  the  different  corps,  which  he  had  ordered 
with  the  utmoit  expedition  from  different  parts,  were 
collected  at  their  appointed  rendezvous,  before  If- 
mailow, within  four  days  after  the  general  himfclf 
had  arrived  there. 


36  su  wo  row's 

His  army,  by  fea  and  land,  confided  of  twenty- 
three  thoufand  men,  one  half  of  which  were  Coflacs; 
among  whom  were  a  great  number  of  fick,  on  ac- 
count of  the  bad  feafon.  The  horfes  alfo  had  but 
a  fmall  portion  of  forage.  Befides,  the  weather  be- 
came extremely  cold,  fo  that  the  foldiers  were  obli- 
ged to  cut  the  reeds,  which  grow  in  that  marfhy 
country,  to  ferve  as  fuel. 

Without  lofmg  a  moment,  the  general  ordered 
forty  fcaling-ladders,  and  two  thoufand  fafcines,  to 
be  inftantly  prepared  on  the  fpot,  while  parties  were 
difpatched  to  get  them  from  other  places,  where 
they  had  been  previoufly  commanded.  In  the  mean 
time  the  troops  were  exercifed,  during  the  night,  in 
the  ufe  and  application  of  them. 

He  not  only  reconnoitered  the  place  himfelf,  with 
the  moft  minute  attention,  but  ordered  all  his  gene- 
ral officers  to  do  the  fame  :  in  order  that  in  every 
divifion,  there  might  be  a  commanding  officer,  com- 
pletely qualified  to  direct  the  columns  in  the  pro- 
jected affault.  The  Turks,  at  firft,  difcharged  a  few 
cannon  at  the  reconnoitering  party,  but  without 
'effect;  and  they  did  not  even  make  one  fally  to  in- 
terrupt them. 

As  foon  as  the  firft  obfervations  had  been  made, 
Rcifchoff,  major-general  of  artillery,  and  Prince 
Charles  de  Ligne,  an  Auftrian  engineer,  caufed 
batteries  to  be  erected  on  the  two  wings,  during  the 
pight,  thirty  or  forty  toifes  from  the  town.  For 
want  of  heavy  fiege  artillery,  which  had  been  before 
lent  to  Bender  and  Kilia,  thefe  batteries  were  only 
mounted  with  twelve  pounder  field-pieces  and  licor- 
nes,  making  in  the  whole,  forty  pieces  of  cannon, 
which  was  all  the  field  artillery  they  pofTefTed. 


CAMPAIGNS.  37 

The  erection  pf  thefe  batteries  was  only  a  mad;, 
to  make  the  Turks  believe  the  town  would  be 
befieged  in  a  regular  manner,  and  to  prevent  them 
from  fufpefting  a  fudden  fcalade.  During  this  firlt 
night  they  did  not  in  the  leaftdifturb"  the  workmen. 
Zalotuchin  was  polled  under  the  battery  to  the 
right,  with  the  Fanagor  regiment  of  grenadiers ;  and 
general  Kulufow  under  that  to  the  left,  with  four 
battalions  of  the  corps  of  Buch  cha (fours.  At 
break  of  day  the  batteries  began  to  play  upon  the 
town,  and  were  anfwered  by  a  very  quick  fire, 
though  without  doing  much  mifchief. 

The  town  of  Ifmailow,  which  is  a  mile  in  circum- 
ference from  the  Danube  round  to  the  water  again, 
and  ftretches  half  a  mile  along  the  bank  of  the  river, 
has  eight  baflions.  The  ramparts  are,  in  general, 
three  toifes  high,  and  in  fome  places  four  ;  the  moat 
is  fix  or  feven  toifes  deep,  and  halfway  beUveen  the 
polygons  of  Bender  and  of  Brock  was  a  fauffe-braic, 
or  falfe  trench.  Thefe  were  all  the  internal  works, 
and  near  the  town  was  a  chevalier  in  (tone  work, 
which  might  hold  fome  thou  fand  men.  The  fide 
next  the  water  was  defended  by  ramparts  and  hori- 
zontal batteries. 

The  Ruffian  army  lay  in  a  fem i -circular  form, 
half  a  mile  from  the  town.  Some  of  the  troops 
were  ftill  nearer,  but  were  obliged  to  move  to  a 
greater  diftance,  becaufe  they  were  annoyed  by  the 
heavy  cannon.  Thefe  troops  formed  a  fegment 
of  a  circle,  of  about  three  miles  from  one  part  of 
the  river  to  the  other. 

The  Rear-Admiral  Ribas  was  inceflantly  cannon- 
ading the  place,  and  the  remains  of  the  Turkilh 
flotilla,  which  made  but  a  feeble  return  to  his  fire. 


33 


6  V  WO  ROW'S 


He  approached  the  town  two  (Jays  before  the  afiault, 
and  burned  or  funk  almoft  all  the  {hubs  that  remain- 
ed. He  only  loft  a  brigantine,  which  blew  up  with 
two  hundred  men  on  board. 

The  Serafkier  Auduflu-Bacha,  an  old  warrior, 
who  had  twice  refufed  the  dignity  of  Grand  Vizier, 
had  the  command  in  Ifmailow.  The  troops  of  the 
garrifon,  which  were  under  the  orders  of  feveri 
fultans,  conhfted  of  forty-three  thou  land  men,  near- 
ly half  of  whom  were  Janilfaries,  eight  thoufand 
cavalry,  various  corps  who  had  come  from  fevcral 
fortified  towns  that  had  furrendered  by  capitulation, 
as  Chorin,  Ackerman,  and  Palanha,  and  a  part  of  the 
garrifon  of  Bender,  and  that  of  Kilia.  Thefe  troops 
had  been  left  there  as  a  punifhment,  and  it  has  been 
fince  learned,  that  the  Grand  Seignior  published  a 
firman  forbidding  this  garrifon  to  furrender  on  any 
cafe  whatever ;  and  ordered  the  Serafkier,  if  they 
mould  not  perform  their  duty,  to  cut  off  the  heads 
of  thofe  who  mould  be  found  beyond  the  Danube, 
without  form  of  trial.  Thus  there  was  every  reafon 
to  believe  the  Turks  would  defend  thcmfelvcs  to  the 
laft  extremity. 

On  the  9th  of  December,  Suworow  fent  a  let- 
ter of  Prince  Potemkin  to  the  Serafkier,  to  which 
he  added  a  few  lines  from  himfelf,  to  induce  him 
to  furrender  ;  to  which  the  Serafkier  replied,  by  a 
long  Arabic  letter,  in  a  very  bombaftic  ftyle,  the 
fubftance  ©f  which  was,  that  he  advifed  the  Ruffians 
to  retreat. 

;i  As  the  feafon  being  bad  and  far  advanced,  they 
"  would  be   in  want  of  all  kinds  of  neceffarics ; 
whereas  the  town  was  abundantly  provided  ;  or, 


CAMPAIGNS.  39 

"  if  not,  lie  demanded  a  delay  of  a  month,  to  com- 
"  rnunicate  With  the  grand  vizier." 

The  next  day,  an  officer,  who  fpokethe  Turkifh 
language  tolerably  wells  was  fent  into  the  town,  and 
had  an  interview  with  a  bim-bacha;  who  told  him, 
in  their  oriental  ftyle,  that,  "  The  Danube  would 
*'  ceafe  to  flow,  or  the  heavens  bow  down  to  the 
ct  earth,  before  Ifmailow  would  furrender  to  the 
u  Ruffians." 

Suworow,  however,  determined  to  make  one 
more  effort  ;  and  therefore  fent  a  note  to  the  Se* 
rafkier,  in  which  he  gave  him  his  word  of  honour, 
that  unlefs  he  hung  out  the  white  flag  that  very  day, 
the  place  would  be  taken  by  afFault,  and  all  the  garri- 
fon  put  to  the  fword. 

Many  of  the  Ottomans  were  difpofed  to  furren- 
der, but  the  Serafkier,  who  was  of  opinion  to  run 
all  rifks,  had  the  majority  of  voices  with  him.  He 
therefore  returned  no  anfwer  to  the  note.  Suwo- 
row, the  fame  day,  affembled  a  council  of  war, 
where  the  fubalterns  voted  firft.  He  addre fled  them, 
as  he  did  afterwards  all  the  corps,  in  a  very  manly 
and  energetic  fpeech.  Having  pointed  out  to  them 
the  difficulties  of  the  enterprize,  and  the  means  of 
furmounting  them,  "  Brave  warriors,"  faid  he, 
<;  remember  this  day  all  your  former  victories,  and 
*'  continue  to  prove,  that  nothing  can  refift  the 
i4  force  of  the  Kuffian  arms :  we  are  not  now  deli- 
M  beiating  on  an  operation,  which  may  be  defer- 
*;  red  to  a  future  time,  but  on  the  taking  a  place  of 
"  importance,  the  poffieffion  of  which  will  decide  the 
"  fate  of  our  campaign,  and  which  the  haughty  Ot- 
"  tomans  believe  impregnable.  Twice  has  the 
f  Ruffian  army  already  laid  Gege  to  Ifmailow,  and 


40 


su  wo  row's 


46  twice  it  has  retreated  from  it.  This  third 
4i  time  nothing  remains  for  us,  but  to  conquer,  or 
"  to  die  with  glory."  The  general  found  his  army 
full  of  refolution,  his  fpeech  (till  farther  enflamed 
the  zeal  of  his  brave  troops,  and  their  accuftomed 
valour  now  encreafed  to  enthufiafm. 

With  this  fpirit  was  the  affault  of  Ismailow  agreed 
to  and  decided. 

Suworow  now  received  a  difpatch  from  Prince 
Potemkin,  with  difpatches,  representing,  "  That  if 
"  he  was  not  certain  of  fuccefs,  it  were  better  not 
44  to  rifle  the  affault to  which  Suworow  replied 
in  a  few  words ;  "  My  plan  is  fixed.  The  Ruffian 
"  army  has  already  been  twice  at  the  gates  of  Ifmai- 
"  low,  and  it  would  be  fhameful  for  them  to  retreat 
"  from  them  a  third  time,  without  entering  the 
"  place." 

In  the  evening,  forne  o^the  Coffacs  had  defert- 
ed3  and  gone  over  to  the  enemy ;  and  the  report  of 
this  incident  had  not  been  immediately  brought  to 
the  general's  quarters.  The  Turks,  as  was  after- 
wards learned,  at  firft  intended  to  make  a  flrong  fal- 
ly,  againft  the  two  batteries,  with  eight  thoufand 
janiffaries,  and  four  thoufand  fpahis,  and  to  attack, 
with  two  thoufand  Tartars,  the  general's  quarters, 
which,  according  to  Suworow's  cuftom,  was  defend- 
ed with  but  a  fmall  guard.  This  fally  would  have 
been  fatal  to  the  beliegers,  efpecially  on  account  of 
their  artillery,  which  confided  of  no  more  than  a 
few  field-pieces.  Fortunately,  however,  the  affault 
commenced  very  early  in  the  morning,  and  put  an 
end  to  that  project.  The  Turks,  however,  were  not 
attacked  unawares ;  and  a  great  part  of  thegarrifon, 
who  had  been  under  arms  all  night,  were  upon  the 


CAMPAIGNS. 


41 


ramparts.  It  is  probable,  therefore,  the  informa- 
tion given  by  the  deferters  had  roufed  the  vigilance 
of  the  enemy. 

Suworow  a&ed  the  more  wifely,  in  accelerating 
the  execution  of  his  plan,  as  had  he  poftponed  the 
aflault  a  fingle  day,  he  muft  perhaps  have  renounced 
it  altogether ;  for  in  the  evening  after  it  took  place, 
a  thick  fog  arofe,  which  made  the  ground  very 
flippery,  and  it  would  have  been  impofiible  to 
mount  the  ramparts  ;  an  obftacle  which  it  would 
have  continued  throughout  the  winter. 

To  lull  the  Turks  in  fecurity,  and  make  them 
believe  the  befiegers  were  in  want  of  ammunition, 
they  very  rarely  fired  the  guns  of  the  batteries,  and 
of  the  fleet,  during  the  night  preceding  the  aflault. 
All  the  meafures,  however  were  taken,  and  the 
orders  given  for  the  operation.  All  the  befiegers 
were  ready ;  and  Suworow  pafied  the  night  by  the 
fire  fide,  with  fome  officers  of  his  fuite,  in  an  impa- 
tient vigilance  for  the  hour  when  the  fignals  were  to 
be  given. 

At  three  in  the  morning  the  firft  mufket  was 
fired,  which  was  the  fignal  to  prepare  for  the  af- 
fault. 

The  fecond  was  at  four  which  was  the  fignal  to 
form. 

And  the  third,  at  five,  which  was  the  fignal  to 
aflault.  The  -fix  columns  of  land  troops,  and  the 
three  columns  of  the  fleet,  inftantly  approached  the 
town. 

On  the  right  flank  of  the  land-troops,  were  three 
columns,  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant-Gene- 
ral Potemkin  5  and  the  three  columns,  on  the  left, 
were  commanded  bv  Lieutenant-General  Samoilow. 

F 


4Z 


s  u  wo  row's 


The  fleet  of  galleys,  and  that  of  Tfchornomor, 
were  under  the  command  of  Rear-Admiral  Ribas, 
and  the  whole  was  directed  by  the  General-in  Chief 
Count  Suworow,  who  had  placed  himfelf  in  the 
centre,  with  a  part  of  his  ftaff  between  the  columns, 
in  order  to  fee  every  thing,  and  to  give  his  orders 
with  facility. 

The  firfl  column,  commanded  by  Major-General 
Lewow,  confided  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  arquebu- 
fiers,  a  battalion  of  chafieurs  from  White  Ruflia, 
and  two  battalions  of  Fanagor  grenadiers ;  the  body 
of  referve  confifted  of  twTo  battalions  of  the  fame. 
The  fecond  column,  commanded  by  Major. General 
Lacey,  conhfted  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  arquebu- 
fieurs,  three  battalions  of  Catharinoflaw  Chafiers ; 
and  the  body  of  referve,  of  the  fourth  battalion  of 
the  fame  corps.  The  third  column  commanded  by 
Major-General  Maknob,  confifted  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty  chaffeurs,  three  battalions  of  Livonian 
chafieurs,  and  two  battalions  of  Twuitz  mufket- 
eers,  as  a  body  of  referve.  The  fourth  and  fifth 
were  commanded  by  the  Major-General  of  the  day, 
Count  Befborydko  ;  and  the  one  confifting  of  two 
thoufand  five  hundred  Coffacs,  from  the  Don,  with 
a  body  of  referve  of  five  hundred,  and  the  other  of 
five  thoufand  Coffacs,  (new  recruits,)  with  a  body 
of  referve  of  one  thoufand  Arnauts.  Thefe  two 
columns  had  beiides  two  battalions  of  Polofki 
fufileers 

The  fixth  column,  commanded  by  Major-Gene- 
ral Kotufow,  conliltcd  of  one  hurrtfred  and  twenty 
arquebuners,  three  battalions  of  Buch  chaffeurs, 
and  a  body  of  referve  of  two  battalions  of  Cherfon 
grenadiers. 


CAMPAIGNS.  43 

The  cavalry  were  pofted  a  furlong  from  the  town, 
under  the  cannon  of  the  fortifications.  On  the 
right  wing  were  fix  fquadrons  of  Sewer  carabineers, 
and  two  regiments  of  Don  Coflac;  on  the  left,  ten 
fquadrons  of  of  Woroni  huffars,  and  two  regiments 
of  Don  Coffacs. 

The  Coffacs  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  columns,  who 
were  to  make  the  affault,  were  all  on  foot,  and  moft 
of  them  had  reduced  their  pikes  to  five  feet  in  length 
in  order  to  ufe  them  with  the  more  eafe  in  the  con- 
fufion  of  the  attack. 

The  firft  column  on  the  Danube,  which  was  under 
the  command  of  Major-General  Abfenief,  confifted 
of  two  battalions  of  Nicolaevs  grenadiers  of  marines, 
one  battalion  of  chaffeurs,  and  two  thou  fand  five 
hundred  Tfchornomor  Coffacs.  They  were  placed 
on  board  a  Brigantine,  two  floating  batteries,  three 
double  chaloupes,  thirteen  lanfons,  and  fifteen  boats 
from  Tfchornomor.  The  fecond  column  which, 
was  under  Hetman  Tfchipecka,  confifted  of  two 
battalions  of  Alezeopol  mufketeers,  two  hundred 
Dneprow  grenadiers  of  marines,  and  one  thoufand 
Tfchronomor  Coffacs.  They  had  one  hundred  and 
thirty-five  pieces  of  cannon  and  a  mortar,  as  well  as 
the  firft  column,  and  were  ftationed  on  board  the 
fame  number  of  veffels.  The  third  column  under 
the  orders  of  Major  Markow,  of  the  guards,  confift- 
ed of  two  battalions  of  the  Dneprow  grenadiers  of 
marines,  two  battalions  of  chaffeurs  from  White 
Ruffia,one  battalion  of  Buch  chaffeurs,  and  one  hun- 
dred Tfchornomor  Coffacs.  The  body  of  referve 
confifled  of  four  tranfports,  carrying  twenty-four 
pounders,  and  one  hundred  Tfchonomor  boats,  in- 
tended to  difembark  the  regulars,  having  one  or  two. 


44 


SUWOROW'S 


cannon  on  board  ;  making  together  one  hundred  and 
fifty  vefTels.  The  total  of  the  artillery  on  board 
was  five  hundred  and  fixty-feven  pieces  of  cannon, 
and  twenty  mortars. 

Among  the  troops  that  were  embarked  were 
Prince  Charles  de  Ligne,  Colonel  Duke  de  Fronfac, 
afterwards  Duke  de  Richlieu,  and  Count  Langeron : 
Count  Valerian  Zubow,  colonel  and  adjutant  of  the 
Emprefs,  commanded  the  two  battalions  of  grena- 
diers in  die  firft  column. 

The  weather,  which  throughout  the  night,  had 
been  clear  and  ferene,  became  gloomy  and  foggy  till 
nine  in  the  morning.  All  the  columns  marched 
againll:  the  town  in  the  belt  order,  and  in  the 
greatefl  filence  ;  and  the  turks  did  not  fire  a  gun  till 
the  Ruffians  were  within  three  or  four  hundred  paces 
of  the  town ;  when  ihey  were  faluted  with  a'very 
quick  fire  of  cafe-fhot,  which  did  great  mifchief. 

They  now  approached  the  deep  moat,  where  the 
water  was  in  fome  places  up  to  the  moulders,  threw 
their  fafcines  into  it,  pafled  over  them,  and  raifed 
their  fcaling-ladders  againft  the  ramparts,  fome  parts 
of  which  were  fo  high,  that  it  was  neceffary  to  faften 
two  ladders  together,  although  five  toifes  long; 
and  as  in  many  places  the  befiegcrs  could  not  do  this 
with  fufneient  expedition,  they  aflifted  each  other, 
and  with  equal  alertnefs  and  addrefs,  climbed  to 
the  top  of  the  ramparts  by  means  of  their  bay- 
onets. 

The  arquebufiers  of  each  column  were  on  the 
edge  of  the  moat,  from  which,  notwithflanding  the 
darknefs  of  the  night,  they  took  aim,  whenever  the 
fire  of  the  artillery  permitted  them,  at  the  Turks 
who  defended  the  ramparts.    The  troops  were  now 


CAMPAIGNS.  45 

advanced  from  every  fide  towards  the  principal 
points,  and  General  Laccy,  \\  ho  had  the  fecond 
column,  was  the  firft  on  the  rampart  foon  after  fix 
in  the  morning.  The  Brit  and  third  columns  were 
to  have  fupported  him,  but  were  retarded ;  and  the 
firft  in  particular  was  greatly  embarraffed.  Thus 
Lacey  was  very  clofely  prelTed;  for  although  his 
troops  had  already  drawn  the  Turks  from  the  para- 
pet, they  had  to  encounter  feven  thoufand  men, 
who  with  drawn  fabres,  hindered  them  from  advanc- 
ing any  farther.  Soon  after  the  two  columns,  that 
followed,  came  up  with  him. 

The  firft  was  guilty  of  a  terrible  miftake;  after 
having  cleared  the  ditch,  it  came  to  a  chain  of  very 
ftrong  palifades,  which  extended  to  the  banks  of 
the  Danube  :  this  they  leaped  over,  and  pafling 
another  ditch  behind  them  reached  the  ramparts. 
The  grenadiers  of  Fanagor  took  the  firft  baftion, 
but,  on  attacking  a  ftone  platform,  which  was  be- 
tween the  firft  and  fecond  baftion,  without  orders, 
they  fuftained  a  very  great  lofs.  Colonel  Zalotu- 
c*hin  now  called  them  from  the  platform,  to  take  the 
fecond  baftion  :  when  General  Merknob  received  a 
mortal  wound,  and  Colonel  Kwaftow  took  the  com- 
mand of  his  column. 

The  RuiTians  performed  wonders  ;  though,  in 
confequence  of  this  inconhderate  attack,  they  had 
greatly  fuftered;  and  the  Turks,  by  a  fally  of  eight 
or  ten  thoufand  men  accompanied  with  women 
armed  with  poniards,  made  great  havock  among 
them  :  at  length,  however,  reinforcements  arrived, 
the  enemy  was  driven  back, and  the  Ruffians  pofteif- 
ed  themfelves  of  the  fecond  baftion.  But  as  every 
baftion  had  a  magazine  of  powder  under  it,  a  ftrong 


46 


SUWOROV/'s 


guard  was  inftantly  placed  to  prevent  the  troops 
from  being  blown  into  the  air.  The  Ruffians  at 
length  alfo,  after  a  bloody  conflict,  got  poiTeffion  of 
the  poft  of  Bender  and  the  bridge,  and,  though  molt 
vigoroufly  attacked,  retained  their  pofition. 

Day  now  began  to  appear  ;  but  during  the  night 
the  reciprocal  advantages,  which  were  gained  by 
the  hoftile  parties,  were  known  by  the  exclamations 
of  Huzza  !  on  the  fide  of  the  Ruffians,  and  Allah  ! 
on  that  of  the  Turks. 

At  the  fame  time  that  the  columns  of  troops 
proceeded  againft  the  place  by  land  ;  the  columns 
of  veffels,  being  informed  of  the  movement,  by  die 
di fc harge  of  a  rocket  proceeded  by  water  to  the 
fame  object.  They  advanced,  under  a  conftant 
fire,  in  two  lines.  The  firft  cpnfifted  of  a  hundred 
boats  of  Tfchornomor,  full  of  troops  appointed  to 
make  a  defcent.  The  fecond  line  was  compofed  of 
brigantincs,  floating  batteries,  double  chaloupes, 
and  other  veffels ;  and  as  they  approached,  the  fire 
of  the  Turks  encreafed.  Among  other  batteries 
on  the  water  fide,  they  poffeffed  a  work,  which, 
though  it  had  but  little  elevation,  was  extremely 
itrong,  being  defended  by  eighty-three  pieces  of 
cannon  ;  the  greateft  part  of  a  large  calibre,  together 
with  fifteen  mortars  and  a  howitzer,  which  difcharg- 
ed  five  hundred  pounds  weight  of  ball. 

The  fire  from  the  mortars  of  the  fecond  line, 
covered  the  cannonade  of  the  firft ;  and  when  they 
had  both  come  within  two  hundred  paces  of  the 
fhore,  the  fecond  line  divided,  and  placed  itfelf 
upon  the  two  wings  of  the  firft ;  by  which  manoeuvre 
thewhole  was  thrown  into  a  femicircle.  Th^  Turks 
made  a  moft  determined  oppofition  during  an  hour  5 


CAMPAIGNS.  47 

but,  as  it  was  night,  no  mifchief  was  done :  a  few 
Ruffian  veffels  alone  fufFered,  and  at  feven  in  the 
morning  the  defcent  was  effected,, 

At  eight,  the  Ruffians  were  matters  of  the  plaGe 
on  the  fide  of  the  water,  as  well  as  on  that  of  the 
land.  The  affiault  was  then  at  an  end,  and  the  con- 
tell  commenced  in  the  interior  of  the  town,  in  the 
ftreets,  and  in  the  public  fquares.  Nor  was  there 
an  open  fpot  where  men  could  engage  that  was  not 
the  fcene  of  combat.  The  Turks  defended  them- 
felves  with  the  molt  defperate  courage  and  availed 
themfelves  of  the  windows  to  annoy  their  inva- 
ders. 

There  remained  only  to  be  taken  one  large  (lone 
platform,  very  ftrongly  fortified,  and  feveral  chanas, 
iione  buildings,  conltrucled  with  great  Itrength, 
which  were  filled  with  people,  and  defended  by 
cannon.  Though  defended  with  a  molt  obftinate 
courage,  they  were  all  taken,  with  prodigious 
(laughter. 

The  unfortunate  Serafluer,  Anduflu  Bacha,  hav- 
ing retired  into  one  of  thefe  chanas  with  two  thou- 
fand  of  the  flower  of  his  Janiffaries,  and  feveral 
pieces  of  cannon,  thought  himfelf  fecure  from  all 
danger.  But  nothing  was  impregnable  before  the 
bold  defigns  of  Suworow,  and  the  dauntlefs  rapidity 
of  his  foldiers.  The  Seiafkier  and  his  people,  at 
length  found  all  defence  vain,  and  therefore  furren- 
dered  to  the  Ruffians.  As  he  wore  a  rich  poniard 
in  his  girdle,  a  chaffeur,  eager  after  plunder,  endea- 
voured to  feize  it,  when  a  Janiffary  flood  forth  as 
the  proteclor  of  his  fallen  mafter.  The  Ruffians 
immediately  fell  upon  the  pri (oners,  malfacred  the 
great  dl  part,  and  the  Serafkier  among  them. 


48 


su  wo  row's 


The  ftreets  of  Ifmailow  being  in  general  very 
narrow,  the  general  had  not  fuffered  the  cavalry  to 
enter  the  town.  The  land-troops,  therefore,  as  well 
as  thofe  which  had  difem barked  from  the  mips, 
penetrated  by  degrees,  to  the  centre  of  it,  combating 
as  they  proceeded  with  fmall  bodie's  of  Turks,  who 
defended  themfelves  with  the  utmoft  bravery,  and 
retreated  only  Hep  by  dep. 

In  the  afternoon,  General  Lacey  arrived,  in  the 
middle  of  the  city,  with  three  battalions  of  chafleurs, 
and  fell  upon  about  one  thoufand  men,  almoft  all 
Tartars,  and  armed  with  long  pikes.  Thefe  Tar- 
tars were  difnaountcd,  and  had  precipitately  retreat- 
ed into  an  Armenian  convent,  furrounded  with 
thick  walls.  He  immediately  attacked  it,  and  broke 
open  the  doors  with  Itis  artillery,  and  entered  it. 
The  young  Machfut  Gheray  Sultan,  defended  him- 
lelf  bravely  with  his  troops  ;  and,  after  a  long 
engagement,  with  only  three  hundred  men  remain- 
ing, and  without  any  hopes  of  relief,  he  laid  down 
his  arms,  afked  for  quarters,  and  was  taken  prifoner, 
with  the  reft  of  hi*  people. 

The  Coflacs  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  columns,  who 
had,  at  the  fame  time,  entered  by  the  gates  of  Ben- 
der and  Kilia,  having  advanced  into  the  city,  were 
affailed  in  the  great  fquare,  by  a  fuperior  number 
of  the  enemy,  and  were  completely  cut  off.  But 
they  were  foon  fuccoured  by  a  battalion  of  Buch 
chafleurs,  to  which  were  added  fome  Tfchornomor 
Coflacs,  who  attacked  the  Turks  in  the  rear,  and 
defeated  them  after  an  hour's  engagement. 

Kablan  Gheray,  brother  of  the  Khan,  the  braved 
of  the  feven  fultans,  who  were  ftationed  at  Ifmailow, 
and  the  fame  who  had  performed  fuch  prodigies  of 


campaigns*  49 

valour  at  Sclaurfch,  againft  the  Auftrians,  ordered 
an  alarm  to  be  beat,  affembled  his  troops,  and  hat 
tened  to  the  market-place,  in  the  centre  of  the  town, 
with  about  two  thou  fand  Turks  and  Tartars,  who 
were  foon  joined  by  a  ilill  more  numerous  body  of 
the  enemy,  together  with  a  considerable  body  of  the 
cavalry.  The  fultan  charged  the  Tfchornomor 
Colfacs  in  the  moft  defperate  manner,  to  the 
found  of  the  Afiatic  mulic,  killed  feveral,  threw 
them  into  diforder,  and  took  two  pieces  of  cannon. 
Immediately  a  reinforcement  arrived,  confiding  of 
Coffacs,  a  battalion  of  chafieurs,  and  two  battalions 
of  grenadiers  of  marines.  The  fultan  was  furround- 
ed ;  at  the  fame  time  the  combat  continued  with 
fury,  the  Ruffians  recovered  and  purfued  their  ad- 
vantagesj  andthe  Turkifh  cavalry  and  the  Janiffaries 
were  deftroyed  with  redoubled  blows  of  pikes  and 
bayonets.  The  fultan  himfclf  feil,  and  nearly  four 
thoufand  men  remained  upon  fhe  fpot,  after  the 
maflacre  of  an  hour,  when  fcar^ely  five  hundred 
Ottomans  efcaped  ;  who  furrendered  themfelves 
prifoners. 

The  ttone  platform  ftill  held  out.  During  the 
laft  engagement,  Ribas  came  to  attack  it  with  two 
battalions  of  grenadiers  of  marines,  one  battalion 
of  chafieurs,  and  one  thoufand  Tfchornomor  Cof- 
facs, This  platform,  or  cavalier,  was  occupied  by 
the  Meaphis,  or  governor,  of  Ifmaiiow,  with  above 
two  thoufand  Janiffaries  and  other  infantry,  and 
fome  pieces  of  cannon.  It  held  out  a  long  time,  but 
having  fcarcely  any  hopes  of  fuccefs,  knowing  that 
all  around  him  were  defeated,  and  fearing  perhaps 
to  (hare  the  fame  fate,  he  would  not  puih  matters 

G 


50 


su  wo  row's 


to  extremities,  and  furrendered,  together  with  his 
troops.  Ribas  rcllorccl  to  this  governor  his  fabre 
and  other  arms. 

I  here  now  remained  to  be  taken  only  a  very 
Arong  chana,  about  a  werft  from  the  chavalicr,  and 
the  rampah.  Ribas  alio  took  upon  himfetf  this 
commiihen,  and  became  matter  of  it,  alter  a  very 
ihort  engagement,  as  alio  a  few  hundred  men,  who 
had  fled  thithen 

At  two  in  the  afternoon  the  land-troops  and  ma- 
rines occupied  the  centre  of  the  city ;  upon  which 
Suworow  caufed  four  fquadronc  of  caribineers,  four 
iquadronsol  hufTars,and  two  regiments  of  Coflacs,  to 
enter  the  two  wings,  by  the  gates  of  Brock  and  Ben- 
der, in  order  to  clear  the  ftreets,  where  a  few  of  the 
enemy  might  remain  difpei  led.  In  their  road  they 
cut  down  feveral  Turks,  who  ftill  poffefTed  the  def- 
perate  raflmefs  and  folly  to  defend  themfelves.  The 
cavalry  afterwards  difmounted  ;  and,  with  fword  in 
hand,  fought  for  thofe,  who  concealed  themfelves. 
They  gave  quarters  to  all  thofe  who  furrendered 
themfelves  prifoners. 

Alter  a  b.oody  aflauk  of  which  hiftory  affords 
no  example,  the  victory  of  the  Ruffians  was  com- 
plete, and  they  were  abfoltne  matters  of  Ifmailow 
by  four  o'clock,  P.  M.  This  terrible  defence, 
made  by  fo  many  thoufänd  Turks,  had  the  appear- 
ance of  rage  and  fury  ;  and  even  women  fell  upon 
the  Ruffian  foldiers  with  poniards  and  other  wea- 
pons. All  the  Ruffian  commanders  ran  to  meet  the 
danger  with  the  molt  heroic  valour,  and  the  foldiers 
fought  like  lions.  They  were  engaged  during  fix 
hours,  without  caring  for  the  fuperiority  oi  the 
enemy,    whom    they  attacked   without  ceafmg. 


GAMP  AIGNS.        •  51 

and  who  inceflantly  furrounded  them  with  new 
parties.  No  exertions  could  arrefl.  their  indefa- 
tigable activity  ;  no  danger  ditturbed  their  in- 
flexible intripiditv.  Here  we  mould  retail  the 
numerous  acts  ot  bravery  and  heroiim,  which  de- 
fcrve  the  admiration  of  mankind,  if  the  limits  of 
our  plan  would  admit  of  giving  a  more  extenfive 
account  of  thisaflault.  We  (hall  confine  ourfelves 
to  obferving  that,  fome  days  after,  feyeral  of  the 
Ruffian  officers  ßiuddered  at  the  fight  of  the  abyfTes 
they  had  paßed  in  the  night,  and  the  deep  heights 
they  had  fcaled.  Thofe  among  them,  who  had  been 
at  the  taking  of  Oczakow,  could  not  compare  the 
two  actions;  and  all  agreed  that  the  taking  of  Iftnai  « 
low  was  the  moft  illuftrious  monument  of  Ruffian 
glory. 

Thefe  fame  warriors,  who,  ten  hours  before, 
were  waiting  in  filence  for  the  iignal  of  an  uncertain 
and  formidable  conteft,  now  faw  the  bodies  of  their 
enemies  heaped  at  their  feet,  and  their  arms  bathed 
in  a  deluge  of  blood,  that  filled  the  Itreets  and  pub 
lie  fquares.  The  calm  of  viclory  foon  fuccceded  to 
the  fury  of  the  battle  ;  and  order  was  reftored  at  the 
voice  of  their  commanders,  who  remained.  Several 
battalions  of  grenadiers  and  Coffees,  who  had  loft 
half  their  officers,  were  commanded  by  thofe  of  the 
fufileers  and  chaffeurs. 

Guards  were  polled  at  various  parts  of  the  city, 
and  alfo  upon  the  ramparts.  A  battalion  of  Fana- 
gor  grenadiers  formed  the  principal  guard,  in  the 
market-place  ;  a  few  battalions  were  Rationed  on 
the  ramparts  ;  ftrong  guards  were  ported  at  the 
gates,  powder-magazines,  crofs  ways,  churches,  and 
mofques ;  and  patroles  were  ordered  to' go  their 


5 2  sü  wo  row's 

rounds  through  all  the  flreets.  Suworow  appoint- 
ed Major-General  Kotufow  commandant  of  If. 
mailow. 

Firing,  however,  was  heard  throughout  the  night, 
and  even  till  the  next  morning,  becaufe  many  Turks 
remained  difperfed  in  the  mofques,  houfes,  cel- 
lars, and  barns.  Many  of  thefe  were  killed,  but 
the  greater  part  furrendered  them  fei  ves  prifoners. 

The  town  being  taken  by  afTault,  the  foldiers 
were  permitted  to  plunder  during  three  days,  as 
had  been  promifed ;  a  fcene  which  could  not  pafs 
without  frefh  bloodhhed,  becaufe  many  of  the  Turks 
preferred  lohng  their  lives  to  parting  with  their 
property. 

Suworow  informed  Prince  Potemkin  of  the  vic- 
tory, by  this  Spartan  epiftle  :  "  The  RufTian 
"  colours  wave  on  the  ramparts  of  Ifmailow."  The 
prince  was,  at  that  time,  at  Bender,  where  the 
cannonading  was  diftinclly  heard. 

Lieutenant-Generals  Potemkin  and  Samoi'low 
met  Suworow,  before  Bender,  at  the  gate,  where 
they  all  three  difinounted,  cordially  embraced 
and  congratulated  each  other  on  this  important 
victory. 

The  next  day  a  folemn  feftival  was  celebrated 
on  the  occafion,  at  the  church  of  the  convent  of 
St.  John  ;  the  heavy  artillery,  that  had  been  taken 
was  fired  from  all  the  ramparts,  and  all  the  generals 
alhfted;  together  with  the  greater  part  of  the  ftaff 
and  fuperior  officers.  They  congratulated  and  em- 
braced each  other  on  all  fides,  with  tears  of  joy  ; 
and  every  one  conlidered  both  his  own  life  and  that 
of  bis  friend  as  a  gift  of  heaven  :  for  every  one 
attributed  it  to  a  peculiar  favour  of  Providence, 


CAMPAIGNS, 


53 


that  he  had  efcaped  To  many  danger?,  and  had  not 
fhared  the  fate  of  die  numerous  warriors,  who  had 
purchafed  the  viftory  with  their  lives.  Several 
perfons  al fb  appeared  who  were  fuppofed  to  have 
been  killed  the  night  before. 

After  divine  fervice,  Suworow  went  to  the  prin- 
cipal guard,  where  his  Fanagor  battalion  was  pofted, 
paid  a  tribute  of  well  merited  praife  to  that  troop, 
which  had  fo  much  diftinguifhed  themfelves  for 
their  bravery;  and  then  rendered  the  fame  juftice, 
andexpreffed  the  fame  gratitude,  to  all  the  other 
corps,  both  officers  and  foldiers,  to  whole  valour  he 
was  indebted  for  the  taking  of  Ifmailow. 

The  official  report,  to  be  fent  to  the  court,  was 
now  prepared,  and  enquiry  was  made  to  difcover 
the  number  of  thofe  who  had  fallen  during  the  af- 
fault.  The  great  quantity  of  thofe  victims  was  ap- 
parent, not  only  from  the  declarations  of  the  pri- 
soners, but  from  the  ruins  of  thehoufes  in  the  ftrects, 
public  fquares,  and  upon  the  ramparts. 

In  this  one  dreadful  day,  the  Ottomans  loft,  by 
the  fuperiority  of  the  Ruffian  arms,  though  their 
numbers  were  far  inferior,  thirty-three  thou  fand  men 
killed,  or  dangeroully  wounded;  and  about  ten 
thöu fand,  as  well  bachas  and  officers,  as  foldiers, 
were  taken  priioners,  amons;  whom  two  hundred 
Tartars.,  Six  thoufand  women  and  children,  two 
thoufand  Chrifdans  of  Moldavia  and  Arminia,  and 
above  five  hundred  Jews  mull  be  added  to  the  num- 
ber. 

Among  the  dead  were  fix  fultans,  the  Serafkier, 
and  a  bacha  of  Arnauts,  both  with  three  tails  ;  the 
the  two  governors  of  Kilia  and  Akerman,  a  bacha- 


54 


SUWOROW'S 


commandment,  an  aga  of  Janizaries,  and  about 
firty-bimbachas,  topfchi-bachas,  and  others. 

Among  the  prifoners,  were  the  Sultan  Machful- 
Gharay,  the  governor  of  Ifmailow,  who  was  a 
bacha  of  three  tails  and  feveral  other  bachas. 

On  the  part  of  the  Ruffians,  the  lofs,  according 
to  the  official  report,  conti  (f  ed  of  one  thou  fand 
eight  hundred  and  thirty  killed,  among  whom  were 
four  hundred  Fanagor  grenadiers,  and  two  thoufand 
five  hundred  wounded. 

Among  the  killed  were  a  brigadier,  and  tixty- 
five  fupcrior  and  ftaff  officers,  who  were  chiefly  cut 
down  with  the  fabre  :  among  the  wounded  were 
three  major-generals,  (one  of  whom,  namely  Mek- 
nob,  died  foon  after,)  and  two  hundred  and  twenty 
fuperior  and  ItafF  officers. 

Although  it  was  now  the  dead  of  winter,  it  be- 
came indifpcntibly  neceffary  to  take  precautions,  to 
pt event  this  unexampled  heap  of  dead  bodies  from 
occafioning  epidemical  diforders,  and  even  the 
plague.  Hence,  the  ten  thoufand  prifoners  were 
employed  in  carrying  off  the  bodies  of  their  country- 
men, and  of  their  horfes ;  and  as  pits  could  not  be 
dug  quick  enough,  on  account  of  the  earth  being 
frozen,  they  were  all  thrown  into  the  Danube, 
and  the  whole  bufinefs  was  completed  in  the  courfe 
of  fix  days. 

The  Ruffians  attended  to  the  interring  their  own 
dead,  which  was  done  without  the  city,  according 
to  the  cuftom  of  their  church.  Many  officers, 
whofe  bodies  were  not  mangled,  and  who  therefore 
were  recognized,  were  placed  in  the  cemetry,  and 
Brigadier  Ribopierre  received  funeral  honours,  in 
the  church  of  the  convent  of  St.  John,  near  Gene- 


CAMPAIGNS.  55 

ral  Wei  Aman,  who  had  been  buried  there  in  the 
firlt  war  with  the  Turks. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  of  fo  large  a  gar- 
rifon,  as  that  oflfmailow,  only  one  man  efcaped. 
Being  fiightly  wounded,  and  having  fallen  into  the 
Danube,  he  accidentally  caught  hold  of  a  plank, 
on  which  he  reached  the  oppofite  bank.  It  was 
this  man  that  carried  the  grand  vizier  the  firft  news 
of  the  lofs  of  the  town. 

The  riches  captured  there  were  of  great  magni- 
tude and  importance,  and  the  foldiers  made  a  con- 
iiderable  booty. 

The  Ruffians  found  two  hundred  and  thirty-two 
pieces  of  cannon,  including  thirty  two  guns,  on 
board  eight  lanfons,  which  were  the  only  remains  of 
the  rowing  veffels.  Excepting  ten  iron  guns,  all 
the  reft  were  brafs,  moftly  of  a  great  calibre,  cul- 
verins,  mortars,  and  howitzers. 

There  were  alfo  many  large  and  fmall  magazines, 
with  a  connderable  quantity  of  powder. 

A  quantity  of  bombs  and  balls,  which  were  not 
weighed. 

Three  hundred  and  forty-five  ftandards,  almoft 
all  ftained  with  blood,  of  which  two  were  Sainjack, 
great  banners  of  the  governors  of  Bender  and  If- 
mailow,  of  which  there  are  but  five  in  the  Ottoman 
empire;  the  fuperb  and  unique  great  banner  of  the 
khan  of  the  Tartars ;  feven  rich  Burfchuks,  or  hor- 
fes  tails ;  and  the  foldiers  had  taken  feveral  others. 

Two  hundred  and  fifty  Itandard  poles :  moft  of 
the  ftandards,  which  were  of  a  rich  ituff,  embroid- 
ered in  gold  and  filver,  having  been  torn  off  by 
the  foldiers  and  the  Cofiacs,  for  girdles,  or  trophies, 
and  many  lolt. 


56 


s  u  worow's 


A  great  flock  of  barley,  with  which  the  Turks 
feed  their  horfes,  and  a  large  quantity  of  hay  ;  flour 
for  the  whole  turkifh  army,  for  fix  months ;  a 
great  deal  of  dried,  fmoked,  and  fait  meat ;  and  a 
vaft  number  of  horned  cattle. 

P  Coffee,  tobacco,  rice,  fu gar,  and  abundance  of 
all  kinds  of  provifions,  befides  a  great  riches  in  the 
(hops.  In  addition  to  thofe  belonging  to  Ifmailow, 
which  is  a  town  of  brifk  trade,  a  great  deal  of  pro- 
perty had  been  removed  thither,  from  the  towns 
that  had  capitulated  ;  as,  for  inftance,  Kilia,  Cho- 
rin.  Akerman,  and  Bender. 

About  ten  thou  fand  horfes,  many  of  which  were 
uncommonly  beautiful,  together  with  a  g»eat  quan- 
tity of  very  rich  trappings. 

Laflly,  the  total  value  of  the  riches  found  at 
Ifmailow,  was  eftimated  at  ten  millions  of  piaftres. 

Suworow  who  was  inacceiTible  to  any  views  of 
private  inter  eft,  abftained  according  to  his  cuftom, 
from  appropriating  to  himfelf  the  fmalleft  article; 
he  did  not  even  take  a  horfe.  Satisfied  with  the 
glory  he  had  gained  there,  he  departed  from  Ifmai- 
low as  thither  he  arrived. 

Two  days  alter  this  capture  Rear-Admiral  Ribas 
gave  a  great  dinner  on  board  the  fleet,  and  fired  a 
fa  I  ute  from  alt  the  guns.  Lieutenant-General  Po- 
temkin,  alfo  gave  a  dinner  the  next  day,  at  which  the 
young  Sultan  Machfut-Gheray,  and  the  governor  of 
ifmail  ow  were  prefent.  They  feenied  pleaicd,  and 
took  part  in  the  entertainment,  without  iuffering  it 
to  appear,  whether  their  gaiety  was  the  efled  of 
furprife,  difiimulatjon,  or  intenhbiUty. 

As  foon  as  the  dead  were  carried  off,  and  the 
ftrcets  cleared,  ail  of  which  had  ferved  as  fields  of 


CAMPAIGNS.  57 

battle,  arrangements  were  made  for  the  departure 
of  the  troops,  and  the  removal  of  the  prifoners,  who 
were  efcorted  by  a  regiment  of  Coffacs,  that  was 
going  into  Ruffia  to  winter  quarters,  by  Bender. 
Suworow  gave  the  command  of  this  efcort  to  a 
lieutenant-colonel  of  his  fuite,  who  was  inftrucled  to 
take  care  every  one  mould  be  treated  with  a  humane 
attention. 

To  reduce  this  numerous  efcort,  and  the  embar- 
raflment  of  watching  fo  many  prifoners,  Suworow 
permitted  the  officers  to  chufe  and  keep  fuch  of  the 
prifoners  of  both  fexes  äs  fuited  them,  engaging  at 
the  fame  time,  in  writing,  to  provide  for  their  main- 
tenance and  fupport,  and  to  treat  them  with  kind- 
nefs. 

A  week  after  the  taking  of  Ifmailow,  the  general 
fet  off  for  Galaz,  with  his  regiment  of  Fanagor 
grenadiers,  and  the  reft  of  the  troops  of  which  his 
corps  was  compofed  ;  excepting  the  fick  and 
wounded,  for  whom  an  hofpital  had  been  immediate- 
ly eftablilfied,  within  the  town.  General  Kotufow 
remained  there  as  commandant  with  his  four  bat- 
talions of  Buch  chaffeurs,  two  regiments  of  infantry, 
and  four  regiments  of  Don  Colfacs.  The  other 
corps  drew  off  towards  Bender  to  go  into  winter 
quarters. 

Shortly  before  the  affault,  an  Auftrian  officer 
brought  a  letter  from  the  Emperor  Leopold  to 
Suworow  j  but  he  laid  it  afide  without  allowing 
fumfelf  time  to  read  it,  fo  entirely  was  he  engroffed 
with  his  arrangement  for  the  attack.  This  was  the 
emperor's  anfwer  to  a  complimentary  letter  from 
Suworow  on  his  coronation.    He  alfo  received, 

H 


58  su  wo  row's 

icon  after  his  arrival  at  Galaz,  a  letter  from  his 
friend  the  Prince  of  Cobourg,  exprefhng  the  greater! 
pleafure  at  this  great  victory,  and  pointing  out  the 
great  importance  of  the  capture  of  Ihnailow  to  the 
houfe  of  Auftria:  an  oblervation  which  was  foon 
confirmed  by  the  imprefhon  this  news  produced  at 
Siftow,  where  the  conferences  were  interrupted  for 
Several  days,  and  occafioncd  by  this  event  the 
greatcfl  confufxon. 

The  emperor's  letter  was  to  the  following  efFecl; : 

44  My  dear  Count  Suworow, 
14  I  lhall  ever  remember  the  important  fervices  you 
44  have  rendered  to  my  houfe  in  the  courfe  of  the 
44  war,  which  is  now  about  to  terminate.  I  was 
46  the  more  affected  by  the  contents  of  your  letter 
46  of  the  eighth  of  this  month,  as  I  am  convinced  of 
44  the  fincerity  of  ftntiments,  and  your  attachment. 
44  Be  allured,  that  on  my  part  I  lhall  contemplate 
14  with  pleafure  every  opportunity  of  demonftrat- 
46  ing  the  difhnguifhed  regard  with  which  I  am, 
64  your's,  affectionately, 

(Signed )  44  Leopold." 

Vienna,  November  25,  1790. 

In  the  month  of  January,  1791,  Suworow  went 
to  Peteiiburg,  where  the  empreta  received  him  with 
the  molt  diltinguiihing  marks  of  fatii faction.  Soon 
a'rer  his  arrival,  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel 
oi  the  Preobralcheniki  guards,  and  the  emprefb  01 
dered  a  large  medal  to  De  {truck  in  gold  and  in  filver, 
in  commemoration  of  the  important  victory,  which 
the  general  had  obtained. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


59 


CHAP.  XIII. 

HIS   JOURNEY  TO  THE    FRONTIERS  OF  SWEDEN. 

THOUGH  the  King  of  Sweden  had,  in  the 
preceding  year,  figned  a  treaty  of  peace  with 
RufTia,  yet  the  war  with  the  Turks  not  being  yet 
terminated,  the  minifters  of  foreign  powers  endea- 
voured to  ftimulate  Sweden  to  a  rupture  with  Rul- 
fia.  Their  endeavours,  however  did  not  prove 
fuccefsful. 

Suworow,  who  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  troops  in  Finland,  received  from  the  hands  of 
the  empreis  orders  to  infpect  the  fronders  of  that 
province,  and  to  furnifh  a  plan  of  fortification.  In 
lefs  than  four  weeks  he  returned,  gave  in  his  re- 
port, and  foon  after  fet  off  again  to  fuperintend 
the  works  of  which  he  had  himfelf  fuggefted. 

The  prince  of  Naffau-Seigen,  chief  admiral  of 
the  fleet,  Rationed  off  the  coafts  of  Finland,  had 
obtained  permiflion  from  the  emprefs  to  go  and  join 
the  French  princes  on  the  Rhine,  to  ferve  again  ft 
the  French  revolution.  At  his  departure,  therefore, 
Suworow  had  the  command  both  of  the  fleet  and 
of  the  land-forces. 

They  amounted  together  to  twenty-five  thoufand 
men.  The  fleet  confined  of  eight  rowing  frigates, 
fix  chebecs,  a  bomb  veffel,  a  yach%  one  hundred 
gun  boats,  and  nine  floating  batteries ;  carrying  in 
all  eight  hundred  and  fifty  guns.  They  were  com* 
manded  by  Admiral  Travenoy,  and  Major-Ge- 
neral Herrmann. 

In  1791  and  1792  a  part  of  this  fleet  wintered  in 


6o 


su  wo  row's 


the  fouthern  ports,  and  the  reft  in  the  new  port  of 
Rotfchow-halm,  on  the  frbhtiers  of  Sweden.  But, 
during  the  fummcr,  a  fleet  of  vefTels  failing  came  to 
cruife  in  the  offitig  of  thofe  feas,  and  a  part  of  the 
fquadron  of  rowing  vefTels  kept  in  more. 

The  great  tower  of  Neufchlott  happening  to  blow 
up  fhortly  after  the  peace  with  Sweden,  and  Suwo- 
row  being  appointed  to  take  meafures  for  repairing 
it,  he  fubftituied  in  its  place  a  large  baftion  calculat- 
ed for  horizontal  fire. 

He  erecled  on  the  banks  of  the  Kymen,  which 
wafhes  the  frontiers  of  Sweden,  the  fmall  redoubts 
at  Parla  and  at  Utti,  the  forts  of  Oitinoi  and  Likola, 
and  the  fprtrefs  of  Kymen-Gorord.  The  latter 
covered  towards  the  land,  the  fine  harbour  of  Rot- 
fcherfhalm,  which  is  formed  of  feveral  iflands,  and 
is  not  commanded  on  any  fide.  Thefe  ifles  are  well 
Fortified  ;  and  on  a  fand-bank,  at  fome  diftance  in 
the  lea,  w  hich  is  remarkable  for  its  ftone  tower, 
called  Gloria,  there  are  fixty  cannon  of  very  large 
calibre;  and  the  harbour  in  all  parts  is  defended  by 
nine  hundred  pieces  of  artillery,  of  different  fizes 
and  conftruöion. 

When  Suworow  returned  to  Peteriburg,  the 
emprefs  faid,  on  receiving  him,  4;  You  have  made 
"  me  a  prcfent  of  a  new  port."  But  her  imperial 
majefty  did  not  confine  her  munificence,  in  acknow- 
ledging the  zeal  of  her  fubjecis,  to  Haltering  expref- 
fiqns,  calculated  as  they  were  to  inflame  it. 

Peace  was  concluded  with  the  Turks  in  Decem- 
ber, 1791,  by  Count  Befboreldo  at  Jaffy.  Prince 
Potcmk.n  had  died  in  the  vicinity  of  that  place  a  few 
months  before. 

By  this  treaty  of  peace  the  Porte  ceded  to  Ruffia 


CAM?  AI  GN3. 


the  important  town  of  Oczakow,  and  all  its  diftricr, 
to  the  DniefLer.  This  loi's  was  very  fevcrely  felt 
by  the  Grand  Seignior  ;  who  far  from  expecting 
to  make  fuch  a  facrifice,  had  flattered  himfclf  with 
the  hope  of  retaking  the  Crimea. 

But,  as  it  too  often  happens,  though  peace  was 
made,  the  embers  of  war  were  not  extinguifhed. 
They  were  kept  alive  by  the  humiliating  reflections 
of  the  Divan  ;  while  the  court  of  France  hoped  to 
blow  them  into  a  flame,  by  the  infinuations  of  its 
minifler  Semonville,  who-promifed  the  Forte,  for 
the  nex  year,  a  large  fleet,  and  a  confiderable  body 
of  troops. 

It  was  therefore,  necefTary  that  Rurlia  mould  take 
meafures  for  the  fecurity  of  its  new  frontiers.  Su- 
worow  was  accordingly  difpatched  thither,  at  the 
end  of  the  year  1792,  and  received  the  command 
of  the  troops  in  the  three  governments  of  Catherino- 
flow,  the  Crimea,  and  the  province  lately  conquered 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Dniefler.  He  eftabliftied  his  head- 
quarters at  Cherfon,  where  he  remained  for  two 
years. 

During  his  refidence  there,  he  received  the  fol- 
lowing letter  from  the  emprefs,  on  account  of  the 
rejoicings  made  for  the  peace. 

Count  Alexander  Bafdozoitfch. 

"  The  day  on  which  the  peace  is  celebrated, 
"  recalls  to  us  your  fignal  icrviccs  and  exploits. 
<;  We  accordingly  preient  you  with  a  diploma, 
"  figned  by  our  own  hand,  which  contains  an  enu- 

rneration  of  the  different  acls  of  zeal,  and  of  valour 
*;  by  which  you  have  conftantly  diftingiiifhed  your- 


62 


su  wo  row's 


cs  felf  in  the  courfe  of  your  long  and  glorious  career. 
t<r  In  teftimony  of  our  confidence  in  your  difcern- 
"  ment  and  equity,  we  tranfmit  to  you  a  military 
"  order  of  St.  George,  of  the  fecond  clafs,  with 
"  which  you  may  decorate  him  whom  you  fhall 
"  judge  moft  worthy  of  it,  from  his  bravery  and 
?  his  talents 

"  At  the  fame  time,  we  fend  you  a  ribbon  of 
c;  your  order,  and  a  ring,  as  tokens  of  our  Imperial 
"  good-will. 

"  Catharine." 
Peterfiurg,  Sept.  7,  1793." 

The  ring  and  the  ribbon,  which  was  enriched  with 
diamonds,  were  valued  together,  at  fixty  thouiand 
rubies. 


CHAP.  XIV. 

WAR    IN    POLAND    IN    1 794. 

FROM  1792  to  1794  no  political  events  called 
fourth  Suworow  to  lignalize  him  felf  by  military 
exploits  :  an  interval  during  which  he  enjoyed  the 
fwcets  of  repofe,  at  Cherfon,  on  the  utrnolt  borders 
of  the  Ruffian  empire  towards  Turkey.  Yet  to 
him  this  repofe  was  but  another  fpecies  of  aclivity, 
though  fomewhat  lei's  fatigued  than  the  ftormy  occu- 
pation of  war.  He  often  reviewed  the  troops 
under  his  command,  and  made  them  go  through 
their  various  manoeuvres  ;  he  traverfed  the  Cimca 
to  infpctl  the  fortifications  of  that  province,  and  to 


CAMPAIGNS.  63 

put  the  frontiers  in  a  refpeclable  date  of  defence  ; 
and,  in  the  fpring,  diftributed  over  that  country  a 
part  of  the  troops,  which  had  pafled  the  winter  in 
the  interior  of  Little  Ruflia,  and  on  the  confines  of 
Red  Ruffia. 

At  the  fame  period,  all  the  fleet,  which  was  at 
his  difpofal,  and  commanded  by  Rear-Admiral 
Ribas,  weighed  anchor,  in  order  to  cruife  off  the 
mouth  of  the  Danube.  Suworow  went  to  Cherfon, 
and  infpecled  the  new  fortifications,  ere6ted  under 
the  direction  of  Colonel  de  Bolant,  in  the  provin- 
ces recently  conquered  from  the  Turks,  oppofite 
Bender,  and  on  the  banks  of  the  Danube  and  the 
Black  Sea  ;  and  had  the  fatisfa&ion  to  fee  that  great 
progrefs  had  been  made.  He  Itayed  feveral  weeks 
at  Oczakow,  and  intended  frequently  to  renew7  his 
vmts  to  the  frontiers,  had  not  his  prefence  been  fpee- 
dily  required  to  a  diftant  fcene,  where  the  power  of 
his  arms  was  not  lefs  renowned. 

After  the  Pohlh  confederation  of  the  third  of 
May,  1791,  a  fecond,  as  is  well  known,  took  place, 
at  Grodno,  under  the  protection  of  the  Empreis  of 
Ruffia,  and  the  King  of  PrulTia.  In  April,  1793., 
at  the  clofe  of  this  congrefs,  the  Ponih  troop*  dil- 
perfed  over  the  Ukraine,  entered  into  the  iervice 
of  Ruffia,  and  were  divided  under  the  commands  of 
various  Ruffian  commanders.  Thtfe  troops,  the 
General-in-Chief  Prince  Dolgoruckow,  and  Count 
Ivan  Saltikow  had  fucceiiively  under  their  comm.  id 
in  Red  Raffia.  At  firft  they  conducted  themfclves 
in  a  peaceable  manner,  although  there  wa>  1  Je 
ground  to  rely  on  their  dociliiy  ;  but  when  the  1  - 
furreftion  of  Poland  broke  o-u  at  Crakow,  and 
Warfaw  became  the  tjaeatr^  of  io  many  bloody 


64 


SÜWOROW'S 


fcenes,  their  fatal  influence  fpeedily  manifefted  itfelf, 
and  at  length  a  mutiny  broke  out  among  them  in 
the  beginning  of  April,  1794.  / 

The  light-horfe  regiments  of  Zitomir  and  Con- 
ftantinow  were  in  the  environs  of  Norvoi  Mirgo- 
rod,  and  amounted  to  nearly  fif  teen  thoufand  men. 
Tfaey  took  up  arms  during  the  night,  penetrated  into 
the  general's  quarters,  feized  the  ftandards  and 
drums,  and  then  fled  to  Bialacre.  Only  three  hun- 
dred and  forty  men,  together  with  e  11  their  officers,  re- 
mained behind.  Major-General  Dafkow  harangued 
them,  and  kept  them  to  their  duty  :  the  reft  purfued 
their  way  as  far  as  the  Polifh  frontiers,  and  joined 
the  infurcents  in  Lithuania. 

A  few  days  after  Bolinfki's  brigade  of  cavalry, 
which  was  fifteen  thoufand  men  flrong,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Kaminiezki,  followed  their  example. 
They  marched  off  with  their  brigadier,  and  all  their 
officers,  traverfed  Jambol,  Moldavia,  the  Auftrian 
line,  and  Gallicia,  without  meeting  with  any  obfta- 
cle,  and  effected  a  junction  with  General  Kofciuzko 
near  Crakow.  The  fame  conduct  was  alfo  fpeedily 
adopted  by  Brazlaw  s  brigade,  which  was  at  Pikow. 
There  now  only  remained  a  few  men,  with  molt  of 
their  officers:  ail  die  reft  m  .  by  Polefce  into 
Lithuania,  and  there  was  every  reafon  to  fetr,  the 
remainder  of  the  Pohfh  troops  migltt  be  equally 
difpofed  to  dclert. 

Sohikow  had  indeed  distributed  among;  them  va- 
rious Ruffian  corps  which  were  under  his  orders ; 
but  when  the  greater  part  of  the  Ruffians,  under 
the  command  of  Lieutenant-Geneial  Derfelden, 
marched  into  the  interior  pf  Poland,  there  remained 
no  farther  means  of  retraining  thefe  troops. 


CAMPAIGNS.  65 

Towards  the  middle  of  the  following  May,  Suwo- 
row  received  orders  to  proceed,  by  forced  marches, 
into  Red  Ruliia,  with  a  corps  of  fifteen  thoufand 
men,  and  to  difarm  all  the  Polijh  iroops  in  that 
province  ;  Count  Soltilkow  being  ordered  to  do  the. 
fame  in  that  of  Ifiafiaw,  to  prevent  their  junBion 
with  the  reif.  Suworow's  corps  comifted  of  thirteen 
thoufand  men,  and  he  was  furnifhed  with  field  pie- 
ces, behdes  thofe  belonging  to  the  regiments. 

He  now  took  meafures  to  difarm  and  difband,  as 
fpeedily  as  poliible,  all  the  Polifh  troops  ;  and  for 
this  purpofe  gave  the  following  orders  to  the  gene- 
rals under  his  command. 

ift.  The  commanding  officers  of  the  Ruffian 
troops,  (hall  march  at  their  head,  to  the  ffations 
pointed  out,- 011  the  fame  day,  viz.  the  26th  of  May; 
when  they  approach  the  Polim  troops,  they  fliall 
difpofe  themfelves,  that  the  former  lhall  neither 
make  their  efcape,  nor  receive  fuccour. 

ad.  They  mail  immediately  caufe  the  Polifh 
troops  to  be  affemblcd  in  their  quarters,  mufter 
them,  and  afk  them,  man  by  man,  which  of  them 
choofes  to  remain  in  the  fet  vice,  or  to  quit  it  •  after 
which  they  lhall  perfuade  them  peaceably  to  deliver 
up  their  arms;  and  that  others  lhall  be  distributed 
to  thofe  who  are  willing  to  remain  in  the  fervice  of 
Rufiia. 

3d.  It  fhall  be  declared,  that  the  arrears  of  pay 
lhall  be  difcharged,  as  foon  as  the  hits  are  made  up,, 

4th.  Pafiports  fhall  be  given  to  the  foldiers,  who 
(hall  demand  their  difcharge,  but  as  to  the  officers 
who  win  to  quit  the  fervice,  a  lid  of  them  fliall  be 
given  to  the  general-in-chief,  who  (ball  communis 

I 


66 


SUWOROW'S 


cate  it  to  the  college  of  war,  from  which  their  pafl- 
ports  mall  be  lent.  In  the  mean  while,  provilion- 
ary  paffports  fhall  be  given,  to  enable  them  to  re- 
turn home,  on  condition  of  not  leaving  their  places 
of  abode  until  they  (hall  receive  thofe  of  the  col- 
lege of  war. 

5th.  Thofe  who  wifh  to  continue  in  the  Ruffian 
fcrvice,  fhall  be  incorporated  in  other  regiments, 
and  efcorted  to  the  place  of  their  deftination.  The 
commanding  officer  of  the  efcort,  fhall  be  com- 
miiiioned  to  provide  for  their  maintenance  and  fe- 
cunty.  To  relieve  the  efcort,  it  fhall  be  recom- 
mended to  thofe  who  are  poffeffed  of  horfes,  to  fell 
them  ;  and  carriages  fhall  be  hired  to  tranfport  their 
baggage. 

6th.  As  foon  as  the  lifts  of  men,  who  choofe  to 
continue  in  the  fervicc,  and  thofe  who  choofe  to  be 
difbanded,  are  made  up,  they  fhall  be  fent  to  the 
commander-in-chief. 

7th.  The  fame  qucftions  fhall  be  put  to  thofe, 
who,  not  having  been  born  under  the  dominion  of 
Ruffia,  are  in  the  Ruffian  fervice;  and  thofe  who 
choofe  to  be  difcharged,  fhall  be  efcorted  to  the 
place  of  their  deftination,,  till  their  paffports  are  ex- 
pedited at  the  college  of  war. 

8th.  In  cafe  of  refiftan.ee,  the  greateft  firmnefs 
mutl  be  employed.  Thofe  who  give  room  to  fuf- 
pect  them,  fhall  be  fent  to  Charkow,  of  which  the 
commandant  of  the  place  Shall  be  apprifed. 

9th.  The  commander-in-chief  fully  relies  on  the 
prudence  and  activity  of  the  various  commanding 
officers,  and  authorifes  them  to  modify  or  change, 
according  to  their  judgment,  the  neceffary  difpofi- 
tions,  and  recommends  them  to  inform  him,  day 


CAMPAIGNS.  67 

by  day,  of  the  execution  of  the  prcfent  or- 
ders. 

All  the  troops  fet  forward,  the  fame  day,  from 
different  points.  Suworow  was  at  the  head  of  the 
column  that  marched  from  Balta,  towards  Titeow. 
He  had  under  his  command  General  Schewitfch, 
the  General  Iflinief,  and  Brigadiers  Lewafchow 
and  Ifeiow.  His  corps  confifted  of  ten  battalions, 
ten  fquadrons,  and  eight  hundred  CofTacs,  with  a 
company  of  artillery,  and  twelve  pieces  of  cannon. 
Major  General  Lewafchow  marched  along  die  left 
bank  of  the  Dniefter,  diftributed  the  eight  hundred 
Coflacs  along  the  cordon,  from  Jaorlik  to  Mohilow, 
to  cut  off'  the  retreat  of  the  defcrters,  and  with  two 
battalions  aud  fix  fquadrons,  difarmed  iix  compa- 
nies of  Polifh  artillery  at  Thomafpol,  and  at  Kre- 
ma,  fifteen  miles  from  Balta.  Brigadier  Stahl  with 
two  battalions  and  ten  fquadrons,  marched  to  the 
light  from  Oliopol  to  Szmila,  Czyrkas,  Lifianka, 
and  Bohuüaw,  where  he  fucceffively  difarmed  near- 
ly one  thoufand  men  of  cavalry  and  infantry,  and 
one  thoufand  five  hundred  in  the  latter  place,  who 
formed  the  brigade  of  Neftrow. 

The  factious  party  were  defirous  of  affembling 
at  Titeow,  in  order  afterwards  to  retreat  to  Bialace- 
reteu.  This  re-union,  which  was  to  take  place  two 
days  later,  was  prevented  by  the  fpeedy  arrival  of 
the  Ruffians,  as  their  leaders  afterwards  declared. 

On  approaching  Titeow  at  day-break,  Suworow 
fent  forward  General  Iflinief  into  the  city  with  ten 
fquadrons,  and  followed  him  with  the  red  of  the 
troops.  Iflinief  entered  with  his  fabre  in  his  hand, 
and  made  himfelf  mailer  of  the  principal  guard.  It 
confifted  of  one  hundred  men,  who  immediately 


su  wo  row's 


laid  down  their  arms  ;  arid  the  reft,  who  were  at 
different  polls,  or  diftributed  in  the  environs, 
amounting  to  one  thousand  men,  furrendered  witte 
in  three  days.  The  Ruffians  treated  the  brigadier 
and  other  officers  with  friendly  attrition. 

There  had  been  detached^,  on  the  preceding  even- 
ing, and  there  were  lent,  that  very  day,  from  Titeow, 
ieveral  divitions  under  the  command  of  Schewitfch 
F6lemariow,  and  Ifei'löfa,  to  difarm  the  PolifTi 
troops  at  So';olovv  t!;n,  Rufchin,  and  Pohrobize. 
Colonel  Count  Elmpt  remarried  at  Titeow,  with 
two  battalions  and  a  fqüadron  to  occupy  that  place 
and  terminate  this  operation.  Suworow  marched 
the  next  day  agairtfft  CHodafka^  where  the  brigade  of 
Podoli  was  di farmed  in  the  fame  manner  as  at  Tite- 
ow. Pie  Haid  there  fonrie  days,  wailing  the  return 
of  the  detachments,  by  which  his  corps  was  extreme- 
ly weakened.  In  the  mean  while,  all  the  reports  of 
the  officers  under  his  command  announced  the  com- 
plete (accefs  of  the  meafure. 

Leaving  Colonel  Prince  Schakhoffkoi  with  two 
battalions,  a  few  CofTacs,  and  all  the  field-artillery, 
at  Oiodarka,  he  marched  eight  miles  farther  with  one 
thoufand  cavalry,  who  had  joined  him,  to  Bialace- 
retcu,  where  was  the  brigade  of  Bnieperow, 
which  was  the  molt  turbulent  and  at  the  greatelt 
diftance.  It  confdted  of  one  thoufand  (even  hun- 
dred men.  Before  he  marched,  he  received  advice, 
that  they  were  inclined  to  fly.  Pie  therefore  order- 
ed the  regiment  of  huffars,  of  Oleopol,  to  watch 
them,  fo  that  they  were  unable  to  efcäpe  ;  and,  in 
the  fpace  of  two  days,  they  were  cKiarmed  without 
refi  fiance. 

Tims  were  eight  thoufand  men  difarrned,  within 


CAMPAIGNS.  09 

a  circuit  of  nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  in 
lefs  than  a  fortnight,  without  effufion  of  blood. 
Soon  after,  Count  ]oan  Soltikow  was  equally  fuc- 
cefsful  in  difarming  the  two  brigades  which  had 
remained  in  the  government  of  Ifiafiaw.  Some 
of  the  officers  defired  to  be  continued  in  the  Ruffian 
fervice ;  but  moft  of  the  foldiers,  after  receiving 
their  pay,  returned  with  paflports  to  their  homes. 

When  this  meafure  was  completed,  Suworow 
diftributed  his  troops  in  various  places  at  Thomaf- 
pol,  on  the  Dniefler,  at  Czeczelnik,  Titeow,  and 
Bohuflaw,  to  maintain  the  public  tranquillity,  and 
to  keep  the  provinces,  newly  conquered  from  the 
Turks,  in  fubjection  ;  the  intentions  of  the  Porte 
not  being  perfectly  clear.  The  greater  part  of  his 
corps  pofted  itfelf  under  the  waUs  of  Niemerow, 
whither  he  went  himfelf,  after  having  fettled  every 
thing  at  Biala-Cereltew,  where  he  caufed  many  ma- 
noeuvres to  be  performed. 

Before  he  returned  to  Biala-Careltew,  he  paid  a 
vifit  to  Ficld-Marfhal  Romanzow,  at  his  eftate  of 
Tafchan,  near  Kiow.  Here  Suworow  wept  as  he 
embraced  the  grey-haired  hero,  under  whole  com- 
mand he  had  fo  often  fought,  even  at  the  time  when 
he  was  lieutenant-colonel.  He  dined  with  him,  and 
they  did  not  feparate  till  after  a  convei -fution  of  fe- 
deral hours  relative  to  the  peculiar  fituation  of  Po- 
land and  the  genera!  ftate  of  affairs. 


7° 


Si;  wo  row's 


C  H  A  P.  XV. 

T^ROM  the  time  of  the  Polifh  infurre&ion  at 
A  Cracow,  and  of  the  bloody  battle  ol Warfaw, 
when  the  Ruffians,  after  a  conliderable  lofs  of  men, 
had  retired  to  join  the  PrufTians  at  Zakrorzim,  va- 
rious detachments  of  Ruffians  had  fkirmifhed  and 
engaged  with  the  Polifh  infurgents  at  Cracow  and 
Sandomir  with  alternate  fuccefs.  At  Zakrorzim, 
the  Ruffians  and  Pruffians  gained  a  great  battle 
againft  Kofciuzko.  Under  the  walls  of  Schelm, 
Lieutenant- Geneal  Derfelden  gained  an  important 
victory  over  Saconfchick,and  took  a  great  many  pri- 
foners  with  a  part  of  his  artillery.  At  Wilna  the 
Poles  haci  the  advantage.  Many  parties  of  them 
advanced  into  Com  land,  the  whole  country  was  in 
a  Hate  of  infurre&ion,  and  the  high  roads  unfafe. 
The  Pruffians,  commanded  by  the  king  in  perfon, 
and  the  Ruffians,  under  Lieutenant-General  Baron 
de  Ferien,  were  continuing  the  liege  of  Warfaw ; 
and.  as  the  troubles  were  fpreading  more  and  more, 
every  thing  feemed  to  indicate  that  the  war  would 
be  prolonged  for  years. 

Circurnftances  requiring  more  vigorous  mea- 
furcs  and  more  rapid  operations,  Suworow  re- 
ceived orders  to  march  with  as  many  troops  as  he 
could  colics,  and  to  advance  into  the  interior  of 
Poland.  In  confequence  of  this  he  immediately 
fent  the  neceflay  orders  to  the  various  commanding 
oHlccrs.of  detachment.  He  appointed  Warkowiz, 
on  tfce  hew  frontiers  of  Poland,  as  the  rendezvous 
o  fair  the  (e  corps;  and,  as  prudence  did  not  per- 
mit him  to  leave  thofe  provinces  wholly  without 


CAMPAIGNS. 


troops,  according  to  the  plan  of  reform  adopted, 
he  left  in  cantonments  eight  battalions,  ten  fquad- 
rons,  feven  hundred  Coflacs,  and  fix  field-pieces, 
under  the  orders  of  Lieutenant  General  Dunin,  and 
General  Lewafchow,  and  fet  out  from  Niemerow  on 
the  14th  of  Auguft,  1794.  His  whole  corps  then 
confiftedof  eight  thoufandmen,  under  Generals  Po- 
temkin,  Schewitich,  Iflinief,  and  brigadiers  Po- 
lemanow,  Stahl,  and  Ifei'ow. 

To  roufe  the  courage  of  the  foldiers  to  be  prefent 
at  every  point  where  his  prefence  might  be  neceffary, 
and  to  afford  an  example  to  the  officers,  Suworow 
thought  it  his  duty  to  divide  with  them  the  fatigues 
of  the  march.  He  performed  it  always  on  horfe- 
back,  and  till  they  arrived  at  Warfaw,  he  did  not 
once  enter  a  carriage. 

On  die  eighih  day  his  corps  arrived  at  Warkowiz, 
forty  two  miles  from  Xiemerow  ;  the  reft,  which 
had  let  out  from  various  points,  arrived  there  the 
following  day.  His  corps  halted  there  two  days, 
partly  to  reft  themfelves  after  fo  long  and  rapid  a 
march,  partly  to  repair  their  baggage-waggons,  and 
principally  to  bake  a  month's  provißon  of  bread, 
becaufe  from  that  place  they  would  not  meet  with 
any  magazines. 

The  corps  arrived  in  fix  days  at  Kowel,  which  is 
eighteen  miles  from  Warkowiz.  IncefTant  rains 
had  made  the  roads  extremely  bad,  and  rendered 
the  fords  of  the  rivers  difficult  to  pais.  Some 
Coflacs  had,  however,  been  fent  forward  to  render 
the  paffage  more  practicable.  At  this  time  they 
received  news  of  the  here  of  Warfaw  bein^  raifed 
on  account  of  the  infurrcction  of  South  Prutfia, 
whither  the  king  was  fending  his  troops.  General 


72  SÜWOROW's 

Ferfen,  who  had  feparated  himfelf  from  him,  endea- 
voured to  gain  rhc  right  bank  of  the  Viftula.  Ge- 
neral Burhawqien  made  a  junQion  with  him  at 
Kowel  at  the  head  of  his  corps,  as  did  that  <rf 
General  Markow,  which  wa  pofted  four  miles  far- 
ther, forming  together  (even  battalions  and  twenty- 
two  fqnadrons,  with  eight  field-pieces.  Thus 
Suworow's  corps  amounted  to  twel  ve  thou  fand 
men ;  one  quarter  of  which  were  neceftary  to  co- 
ver the  baggage  and  fupply  the  various  detach- 
ments. 

He  now  received  advice  that  the  Polifli  General 
Sirakowfki  was  under  the  walls  of  Cobrin,  and 
therefore  immediately  began  his  march,  without 
beat  of  drum  or  found  of  trumpet,  ordering  the 
foldiers  not  even  to  fing,  but  to  prefervea  profound 
filence. 

The  next  morning  at  day-break  the  Coffacs  of 
the  vanguard  met  the  fir  ft  party  of  Poles,  confuting 
of  two  hundred  horfe.  An  engagement  enfued, 
and  very  few  of  the  Poles  efcaped.  The  Ruffians 
took  twenty-five  prifoners,  including  an  officer,  and 
the  reft  were  cut  in  pieces. 

This  affair  took  place  near  the  fmall  town  of 
Divin  ;  from  the  inhabitants  of  which  the  Ruffians 
learned,  that,  at  Kobrin,  four  miles  further,  there 
"were  fiye  hundred  Folifti  infantry  and  cavalry. 
Some  prifoners  who  were,  at  the  fame  time,  brought 
in,  epprirmed  the  fad,  and  added  that  this  corps  was 
Sirakowfki's  va  n  guard. 

The  generals  were  of  opinion  to  temporize  a  lit- 
tle longer  that  they  uaight  procure  more  certain 
information  ;  but  Suworow,  who  is  an  enemy  both 
to  d-l.tys,  which  often  prove  dangerous,  and  to 


CAMP  AIGNS*. 


73 


detachments  of  patroles,  which  are  more  calculated 
to  give  information  to  the  enemy  than  to  difcover 
them,  determined  to  march  directly  agamft  Kobrin, 
and  only  deferred  his  departure  a  few  hours  to  re~ 
frefh  the  horfes. 

Li  the  evening  he  went  to  the  camp  of  Brigadier 
Ifei'ow's  Colfacs,  which  was  half  a  mile  within  the 
woods,  where  he  had  a  converfation  with  him, 
and  took  a  fhort  repofe  on  fome  ftraw  before  a 
fire. 

The  Coffacs  to  the  number  of  eight  hnndred,  fct 
forward  at  midnight.  Brigadier  Stahl  followed  them 
with  ten  fquadrons  of  horfe  chaffeurs  to  iupport 
them  ;  the  reft  of  the  cavalry  followed  at  fome  dd- 
tance,  and  after  them  the  infantry.  Suworow's  in- 
tention,  in  cafe  of  meeting  with  Sirakowfki's  corps 
under  the  walls  of  Kobrin,  was  immediately  to 
charge  them  with  pikes  and  fabres,  without  waiting 
for  the  arrival  of  the  infantry. 

He  now  went  forward  with  Ifei'ow  and  a  party  of 
Coffacs  from  the  Don,  and  arrived  at  night  at 
an  inn  kept  by  fome  Jews  within  a  mile  of  Kobrin. 
Here  they  difmounted,  and  made  various  inquiries 
relative  to  the  news  of  the  country,  and  the  number 
and  delcription  of  the  troops  at  Kobrin.  "  It  is 
-  faid,"  replied  the  Jews,  "  that  Sirakowfki's 
"  corps  confifting  of  20,000,  has  marched  from 
"  Brzefcia,  and  are  expected  to-morrow.  A  party 
"  of  cavalry  and  of  infantry  are  already  arrived  on 
"  the  other  fide  of  Kobrin."  Thither  Suworow  re- 
ibt ved  immediately  to  march ;  and  attack  them  at 
day-break.  He,  therefore,  immediately  lent  for- 
ward the  Coffacs,  who  accordingly  got  light  of  the 

K 


74  su  wo  row's 

fires  of  the  Poiifii  camp,  lb  as  to  he  ahle  nearly  to 
appreciate  their  ftrength.  The  Coflacs  loon  met 
the  advanced  pofts,  who  challenged  them ;  but, 
alter  the  third  call,  and  the  fir  ft  priming  being  fcarce- 
ly  burnt,  the  Coflacs  fell  on  the  Poles  with  lb  much 
lury  that  they  fearcely  knew  where  they  were. 
The  enemy  had  three  hundred  men  cut  in  pieces, 
and  loft  fixty-fivc  prifoners.  About  fifty  men  only 
e leaped.  By  fix  o'clock  the  engagement  was  over  ; 
and,  at  nine  the  infantry  arrived. 

Notwithftanding  Suworow's  defire  to  advance,  he 
was  obliged  to  Hay  at  Kobrin,  to  make  fome  indif- 
penfible  repairs,  and  to  wait  the  arrival  of  the 
bread  and  baggage  waggons.  He  accordingly  fuf- 
fered  his  troops  to  take  fome  reft.  The  next  even- 
ing an  officer  of  Collacs  took  a  Polifh  cavalier,  who 
declared,  44  that  Sirakowfki  had  arrived  within  two 
44  miles  of  Kobrin,  near  Krupezize,  with  a. body 
"  of  fixteen  thou  fand  men,  and  that  it  was  his  inten- 
u  tion  to  penetrate  much  farther;  that  he  expected 
"  indeed,  to  meet  with  the  flying  troops  of  General 
44  BUrhawdeh  and  De  Markow  in  the  environs,  but 
44  that  he  ftill  imagined  Suworow  to  be  near  War- 
44  kiowiz,  and  that  he  had  only  learnt  his  true  march 
44  when  he  arrived  at  Krupezize." 

The  Ruffians  palled  that  night  on  the  look-out 
under  Kobrin,  having  behind  them  their  baggage 
covered  by  Cöflacs,  together  with  the  regiment 
of  Smolenfki.  At  night  a  rumour  prevailed  that 
the  enemy  had  attacked  them,  which  appeared  the 
more  probable  as  the  Pules  were  in  great  numbers  at 
feveral  points. 

Suworow  waited  for  their  arrival ;  but  as  they  did 
not  appear,  he  marched  againft  them  before  break 


CAMPAIGNS.  75 

of  day  to  the  diflance  of  a  mile,  where  he  found  a 
very  advantageous  pofition,  which  was  calculated  to 
draw  them  on.  It  was  a  plain  with  a  gentle  declivi- 
ty. On  one  fide  of  it  ran  a  river,  which  the  enemy 
muft  pafs.  His  intention,  therefore,  was  to  fuffcr 
them  to  approach,  and  then  to  drive  them  into  the 
river.  In  the  mean  time  the  army  halted  a  few 
hours ;  but,  the  Poles  not  appearing,  Suworow 
determined  to  prefs  them  Mill  clofer.  The  Coffacs 
advanced,  and  here  and  there  encountered  Polifli 
horfe  belonging  to  the  advanced  polls,  with  whom 
they  fkirmifhed.  They  brought  in  fome  prifoners, 
who  faid  that  Sirakowfki  had  at  firft  intended  to 
attack  the  Ruffians,  but  that  his  corps  occupying  a 
very  advantageous  pofition  behind  the  marfiies,  and 
being  covered  by  five  batteries,  he  determined  to 
wait  for  their  attack. 

The  whole  corps,  therefore,  began  to  march,  paf- 
fed  the  little  river  of  Muchavez,  and  at  nine  o'clock, 
was  but  half  a  mile  from  the  enemy.  The  Coflacs 
repulfed  the  advanced  polls  as  far  as  the  village  of 
Perki.  The  columns  ranged  themfelves  on  a  line  ; 
the  cavalry  and  infantry  approached  the  points  which 
Suworow  had  marked  out  for  the  attack,  and  the 
enemy's  batteries  began  to  play.  The  fire  of  the 
Ruffians  foon  (ilenced  fome  Polifli  pieces  of  cannon 
which  were  mounted  in  a  houfe  in  the  front  of  the 
marfh.  The  fir  ft  bombs  thrown  into  this  houfe 
fet  it  on  fire,  and  the  enemy  haftejned  to  withdraw 
their  cannon  by  a  bad  bridge  which  croifed  the 
mar  Hi. 

A  part  of  the  Polifli  cavalry  retreated  to  the  right 
towards  a  very  thick  wood,  as  if  to  take  the  Ruffians 
in  flank.     To  prevent  this,  vSuworow  detached 


76 


su  wo  row's 


General  Iflinicf  with  Pereiaflaw's  regiment  of  chaf- 
feurs  ;  but  he  was  unable  to  crofs  the  marfh.  The 
Polifll  cavalry  returned  to  join  this  corps,  and 
Iflinicf  in  like  manner  wheeled  about. 

A  cannonade  then  began  on  both  fides.  The  ene* 
my  imagined  they  could  not  be  attacked  while 
lituated  behind  the  marfh,  which  was  two  hundred 
paces  broad,  of  confidcrable  depth,  and  terminated 
on  each  fide  by  lmall  hills  covered  with  wood. 
Suworow,  however,  gave  orders  for  the  attack. 
Immediately  the  infantry  began  to  march  in  two 
columns,  under  the  orders  of  Major-General  Bur- 
hawden,  and  paffed  the  marfh  in  fpite  of  the  greateft 
obftacles,  and  under  the  continual  fire  of  the  enemy. 
Nothing  could  Hop  the  progrefs  of  the  Ruffians, 
however  great  the  difficulties  they  had  to  furmount. 
Some  made  ufe  of  beams  and  planks,  which  they 
look  from  fome  neighbouring  huts,  and  which  they 
laid  on  the  marfh.  Others  proceeded  by  their  own 
una&fted  efforts.  Of  all  the  artillery  they  could 
only  pafe  four  pieces  of  cannon  belonging  to  the 
regiments,  which  the  foldiers  carried  on  their  moul- 
ders. The  red  were  left  behind  under  an  cfcort. 
Three  fquadions  of  huffars  and  the  CofTacs  paf- 
fed at  the  fame  time  with  the  infantry  on  either 
wing. 

As  foon  as  the  troops  had  pafTcd  the  marfh,  which 
employed  about  an  hour,  they  formed,  afeended  the 
lutle  hill,  and  marched  with  loud  cries  againft  the 
enemy,  who  had  now  taken  another  pohtion,  and 
received  them  with  a  heavy  difcharge  of  cafe  fliot. 
The  Ruffians  only  fired  a  few  müfket  (hot,  and  fell 
upon  the  Pohih  lines  with  the  bayonet.  Sirakow- 
tki's  corps  defended  them fe Ives  wjrh  obllinacy,  but, 


CAMPAIGNS.  77 

notwithstanding  the  great  fuperiority  of  his  artillery, 
they  were  thrown  into  diforder,  and  loft  a  great  num- 
ber of  men.  Some  of  them  fled  to  the  convent  of 
Krupezize,  where  they  were  purfucd  and  cut  to 
pieces  ;  while  the  poor  monks,  trembling  for  then- 
own  lives,  implored  the  pity  of  the  foldiers,  and 
prefented  them  the  bible  and  the  crucifix.  Their 
lives  were  fpared. 

Sirakowfki  now  began  ferioufly  to  think  of 
his  retreat,  he  formed  a  fquare  of  three  elofe  co- 
lumns, flanked  it  with  cavalry,  and  retired  by  de- 
grees. 

During  thefe  tranfaftions,  four  regiments  of 
Ruuian  cavalry  arrived  from  the  right  wing,  under 
the  command  of  General  Schewitfch.  They  had 
been  obliged  to  make  a  circuit  of  three  werlis 
through  the  woods,  and  had  pafTed  the  marfhes  over 
rubbifti,  leading  their  horfes  in  their  hands.  Iflinief 
traverfed  the  marfh  over  the  bad  bridge  above  men- 
tioned, which  was  almoft  broken.  Thus  die  caval- 
ry of  the  two  wings  fell  at  once  on  the  enemy's 
columns  which  were  already  in  full  retreat. 

They  now  fufFefed  a  new  lofs  of  a  confiderable 
number  of  men.  In  vain  did  they  make  ufe  of  all 
pofhble  exertions  to  ufe  their  numerous  artillery, 
for  the  cavalry  and  infantry  preffing  them  on  every 
fide  obliged  them  to  take  refuge  in  the  woods.  It 
was  now  five  o'clock,  it  was  growing  dark,  and  it 
was  impoffible  to  purfue  them  any  farther. 

The  Poliih  corps  who  had  been  in  this  engage- 
ment conhfted  of  twelve  thoufand  infantry,  three 
thou  fand  five  hundred  cavalry,  and  about  two  thou- 
fand men  armed  with  fcythes.  The  ufe  of  this 
dreadful  weapon  was  the  invention  of  Kofciuzko. 


78 


S  U  WOROW's 


It  confifted  of  a  fharp  blade  mounted  like  a  fcythe, 
and  to  which  was  added  a  pike  a  foot  long  at  the  end 
of  a  ftafF  of  ten  feet. 

The  Poles  left  about  three  thou  fand  men  on  the 
field,  among  whom  were  a  great  number  of  officers. 
Their  General,  Rufchize,  was  alfo  killed  ;  but  very 
few  prifoners  were  taken.  Ti  e  Ruffians  loft  a 
hundred  and  twenty-five  men,  and  had  two  hundred 
wounded. 

This  viclory  was  the  more  important,  as  it  was 
the  ftrft  battle  fought  with  the  Poles  by  the  troops 
under  Suworow ;  and  as  the  enemy,  notwithftanding 
the  immenfe  advantages  of  their  pofition,  the  fupe- 
riority  of  their  numbers,  and  the  flrength  of  their 
artillery,  were  obliged  to  take  to  flight.  It  was  the 
Ruffian  infantry  that  contributed  moft  to  the  fuccefs 
cf  the  day  ;  for  they  always  attacked  the  enemy 
with  the  bayonet,  and  always  repulfed  them. 

As  foon  as  the  fate  of  this  battle  began  to  be 
decided,  Suworow  had  fent  orders  to  Kobrin  to 
fend  forward  the  baggage  with  the  efcort,  and  to 
difpatch  with  the  utmoft  hafte  the  provifion  carriages 
and  the  camp  ovens.  They  arrived  an  hour  after 
the  battle.  The  men  immediately  drefled  their 
victuals,  and  the  corps  went  to  keep  guard  before 
Janopol,  three  werfts  from  the  convent  of  Kru- 
pezize. 

It  is  not  eafy  to  decide  which  is  entitled  to  the 
greateft  mare  of  our  praife,  the  extraordinary  valour 
or  uncommon  vigour  of  the  Ruffians.  It  was  not 
three  weeks  mice  they  had  left  Nicmerow,  in  which 
ihort  fpace  of  time,  they  had  performed  a  march  of 
c  ighty  German  miles,  or  a  hundred  and  fixty  French 
:.  a  :;ies.    Some  might  be  even  inclined  to  doubt 


CAMPAIGNS.  7q 

the  numerous  records  of  this  indefatigable  activity, 
were  they  not  fo  recent,  and  confirmed  by  the  molt 
indifputable  authority. 


CHAP.  XVI. 

A LITTLE  before  midnight  the  whole  corps 
was  in  motion  to  advance  in  purfuit  of  the 
enemy  ;  but  all  fignals  and  cries  of  war  were  pro- 
hibited. They  halted  four  miles  from  the  place 
where  they  had  been  keeping  watch,  and  retted  four 
hours.  The  whole  of  the  road  was-  covered  with 
dead  horfes,  the  Polifh  baggage  having  fled  by  that 
route  ;  but  Sirakowfki's  corps  had  taken  a  much 
fhorter,  acrofs  the  woods  on  the  left  of  the  Ruffians ; 
and  he  retreated  with  fo  much  precipitation,  that 
he  arrived  by  ten  o'clock  the  next  morning  at 
Brzefcia. 

From  Bulkow,  where  the  Ruffian  corps  had  halt- 
ed, it  arrived  in  the  evening  at  Teifchin,  which  is 
three  miles  further,  and  a  mile  from  Brzefcia,  where 
it  encamped,  in  a  bottom  covered  by  fmall  hills, 
on  the  banks  of  a  fmall  river.  Here  the  foldiers 
dreffed  their  victuals  in  ditches,  and  with  fmall  fires, 
to  avoid  attracting  the  attention  of  the  enemy,  who 
often  fent  out  patroles,  but  thefe  did  not  come  clofe 
enough,  and  they  only  perceived  a  party  of  CofTacs. 
The  obfeurity  of  the  night  enabled  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  I  Waschow,  with  an  efcort  of  about  twenty 
CofTacs,  to  rifk  going  on  a  reconnoitering  pasty, 
near  Bzrefcia,  in  order  more  efpecially  to  dilcover 
the  fordable  parts  of  the  Bug,  as  Suworow  was 


8o 


SUWÜROW'S 


determined  not  to  purfue  the  dire6t  and  beaten 
path. 

Before  Iwafchow  returned,  a  Jew  cäme  in,  who  was 
very  anxious  to  derive  an  advantage  from  the  arri- 
val of  the  Ruflians,  at  the  expence  of  the  Poles. 
This  man  communicated  the  rumours  that  prevailed 
in  thofe  parts,  relative  to  the  rapid  march  of 
Suworow,  whom  they  expected  fpeedily  to  arrive. 
He  entreated  the  General  to  fpare  the  people  of  his 
nation,  domiciliated  in  that  city,  and  offered  to  ren-, 
der  the  Ruflians  ail  the  fervices  in  his  power.  He 
affured  them  that  Sirakowfki,  whofe  corps  and 
whole  horfes  were  much  fatigued,  would  as  much  as 
poflible  avoid  coming  to  an  engagement ;  that  he 
would  begin  to  march  the  next  day,  in  order  to 
retreat  to  War  fa  w,  and  that  he  had  already  fent 
forward  his  baggage  in  the  dufik  of  the  evening. 

It  would  have  been  very  difficult  for  the  Ruflians 
to  have  purfued  him,  as  they  muft  have  paffed 
thick  forefts,  and  gone  to  a  diÜance  from  Brzefcia, 
which  was  in  the  centre  of  their  operations,  and 
refourees  for  pro  vi  (ions  •  while  Sirakowfki  could 
procure  every  thing  he  wanted  in  the  neighbour- 
hood. Hence  they  would  have  been  obliged,  either 
to  carry  their  provifions,  and  all  their  waggons  with 
them,  or  to  have  left  a  ftrong  detachment  to  guard 
them,  befides  which  they  would  have  been  expofed 
to  the  attacks  of  numerous  infurgents  from  Li- 
thuania. 

They  queftioned  the  Jew  relative  to  the  pofition 
of  the  enemy,  the  htuaiion  of  the  ground,  and  more 
especially  the  fords  of  the  rivers  Tvluchavez  and 
Bug.  The  latter  is  fordable  in  three  places,  the 
fartheu  of  which  leads  to  the  right,  and  is  above  half 


CAMPAIGNS. 


8l 


a  mile  from  the  city  ;  and  by  this  paffagc  they  might 
have  attacked  the  enemy  in  the  rear  :  but  the  banks 
of  the  river  are  there  very  fteep,  and  the  water  up 
to  the  girths  of  the  horfes.  The  two  other  fords  are 
to  the  left  of  Brzefcia  ;  one  of  them  is  rather  de<"p, 
but  the  bank  is  flat  and  commodious,  and  it  was 
nearer  to  the  enemy.  At  each  of  them  the  river  is 
about  two  hundred  paces  broad. — Such  was  the 
information  given  by  the  Jew,-  who  alfo  offered  to 
a£t  as  their  guide. 

Having  thus  procured  all  the  neceffary  informa- 
tion, Suworow  affembled  his  Generals  in  a  fma.ll 
cottage,  and  communicated  the  plan  of  attack, 
concerting  with  them  the  correlative  difpofiiions 
and  orders. 

At  two  in  the  morning  the  corps  began  to  march 
in  the  greateft  filence.  Ii  was  divided  in  two  co- 
lumns. All  the  cavalry  went  to  the  right  with  the 
Coffacs,  and  the  infantry  to  the  left  with  two  com- 
panies of  grenadiers  who  were  efcorting  the  field 
artillery.  The  night  was  very  dark  ;  yet  they  paf- 
fed  two  fords  of  the  river  Muchavez,  which  indeed 
was  not  very  deep,  but  of  which  the  fecond  fmuofity, 
being  very  marlhy,  was  difficult  to  pafs.  This 
caufed  a  mort  delay,  and  they  did  not  arrive  on  the 
oppofite  bank  till  day-light. 

They  were  ftill  half  a  mile  from  the  Bug,  and 
before  they  arrived  at  it  they  heard  the  toenn 
of  all  the  convents  and  the  bells  of  Brzefcia,  an- 
nouncing their  unexpected  and  dangerous  ap- 
proach. The  terrified  inhabitants  now  rallied  in 
crowds  into  the  churches,  and  implored  the  divine 
mercv  on  their  knees.    In  the  meanwhile  the  Ruf 

L 


8* 


su  wo  row's 


lian  corps  advanced  with  redoubled  activity,  and., 
arriving  at  the  river,  crofled  it  without  impediment! 
and  haftened  to  form  on  the  oppofite  bank.  Ge- 
neneral  Schcwitfch  had  the  command  of  twenty-five 
fquadrons  on  the  right  flank.  The  General,  pro 
tempore ,  Iflinief  commanded  thirteen  fquadrons  and 
the  greater  part  of  the  CofTacs  on  the  left  flank  ; 
General  Burhauaen  had  the  command  of  the  infan- 
try in  the  centre  ;  and  in  the  midft  of  thefe  was  all 
the  field-artillery,  confiding  of  fourteen  pieces  of 
cannon.  Lieu  tenant-General  Fotemkin  was  at  the 
head  of  the  corps  immediately  under  the  orders  of 
Suworow. 

Sirakowflvij  as  is  now  praBifed  in  the  French 
taclics,  had  in  his  army  a  commiffary  named  Horrien^ 
who  being  fond  of  wine  and  of  play,  propofed  fomc 
kind  of  game,  and  this  amufement  continuing 
till  very  late  at  night,  delayed  his  departure  two 
hours. 

The  Pulifh  General  being  perfuaded  Suworow 
could  only  arrive  at  Brzefcia  by  the  direel  road,  had 
formed  a  battery  of  two  pieces  of  cannon  on  the 
bridge  over  the  Bug,  with  a  ftrong  battalion  to 
defend  that  paffage,  and  hence  imagined  himfclf 
perfectly  fecure  in  his  pofition.  But  as  foon  as  he 
perceived  the  Ruffians  palling  the  Bug  elfewhere«, 
he  haftily  ftruck  his  camp,  and  taking  a  new  pofition, 
put  himfelf  in  battle  array  and  appeared  determined 
to  wait  with  intrepidity  for  the  attack. 

Suworow  «ordered  General  Schewitfch  to  attack 
the  left  wing  of  the  enemy  with  the  cavalry  of  the 
right  wing  ;  and  immediately  the  whole  line  began 
to  advance.  The  Poles  did  not  wait  lor  their  arri- 
val, but  fuddenly  formed  into  three  clofe  columns, 


CAMPAIGNS. 


83 


with  their  heavy  artillery  both  in  the  van  and  in  the 
rear.  Each  of  thefe  columns  had  nearly  thirty  in  n 
in  front  and  an  hundred  in  depth.  They  were  fuf* 
tained  by  divifions  of  cavalry,  and  began  to  retreat 
to  the  right  in  perfeel  order. 

Iflinief  received  orders  to  advance  full  gallop, 
with  the  fquadrons  of  his  left  flank  and  the  Col- 
lacs,  ägainft  the  columns,  which  he  fpeedily  reach, 
cd.  The  ground  was  fandy,  very  uneven  and 
interfered  with  ditches.  Klinief  charged  the  firft 
column  near  a  wood,  where  they  had  a  ravin  of 
confiderable  depth  before  them;  at  the  extremity 
of  which  was  a  broken  dyke.  The  huffars  attacked 
the  column  on  its  flank,  and  the  caribineers  in  front. 
The  latter  were  received,  on  coming  out  of  the 
ravin,  with  a  difcharge  of  cafe  fhot  from  four  guns, 
and  left  many  of  their  men  and  horfes  on  the  field. 
They  returned  however  three  times  to  the  charge 
under  the  orders  of  Colonel  Tekutief.  At  length 
they  fucceeded  in  breaking  the  column,  great  part 
of  which  was  cut  to  pieces. 

The  cavalry  of  the  right  wing  purfued  the  enemy 
and  turned  to  their  right.  In  the  meanwhile  the 
line  of  the  infantry  was  conftantly  advancing,  and 
four  battalions  of  chaffeurs  followed  the  cavalry  of 
the  left  wing,  on  the  fkirts  of  the  wood,  under  the 
orders  of  General  Burhawden.  The  two  columns 
which  had  not  been  attacked,  had  made  a  manoeuvre 
behind  the  former,  and  had  removed  behind  the 
village  of  Korofchin,  half  a  mile  from  their  laft 
pohtion.  They  there  occupied  a  very  advantageous 
eminence,  where  the  firft  column,  which  had  been 
beaten,  endeavoured  to  join  them.  The  Polifll 
General  ranged  his  columns  in  battle  array,  and 


SU  WO  ROW'S 


feemcd  determined  to  ftand  firm,  and  wait  the  event 
of  the  battle.  His  new  pohtion  was  uncommonly 
excellent.  His  front  was  covered  by  the  village, 
and  his  right  wing  by  a  thick  wood,  where  he  fpeedily 
raifed  a  mafked  battery  of  eight  heavy  pieces  of 
ca  non  which  he  fupported  by  two  battalions  of 
chafleurs. 

Being  much  too  weak  to  attack  the  enemy  in  this 
pofition,  Illinief  was  obliged  to  wait  for  a  reinforce- 
ment. But  as  foon  as  the  Polifh  General  perceived 
the  battal  ons  of  chafleurs  come  galloping  towards 
him,  he  retreated.  Two  columns  went  to  the  right 
towards  the  wood  with  intention  to  traverfe  it,  and 
the  third  took  the  left  towards  the  fame  in  order  to 
cover  the  mahked  battery,  which  General  Iflinief 
threatened  to  carry. 

The  two  firft  columns  had  already  approached 
the  wood,  when  Schewitfch,  galloping  on  with 
twenty-four  fquadrons  of  carabineers,  light  horfe 
and  huflars,  gained  the  interval,  and  immediately 
charged  the  front  and  flanks  of  the  column  which 
was  ncareR  him.  The  Ruffians  were  received  with 
a  difcharge  of  cafe  ffiot  and  of  mufquetry,  and  expe- 
rienced a  rigorous  refinance  from  the  column,  which 
defended  itfelf  in  a  defperate  manner ;  for,  of  three 
thoufand  men,  of  whom  it  conlifted,  and  a  party  of 
cavalry  that  fupported  it,  there  were  very  few  who 
afked  for  quarters;  aliiioft  the  whole  of  them  being 
cut  to  pieces  in  the  ranks. 

In  the  meanwhile  the  other  column  was  engaged 
with  a  few  fquadrons,  and  as  foon  as  the  attaek  be- 
came general  they  experienced  the  fame  fate  as  the 
former.  More  of  them,  however,  efcaped,  becaule 
•  his  column  had  time  to  difperfe,  while  the  otheis 


CAMPAIGNS. 


85 


were  defending  themfelves.  But  although  ihey 
made  the  greatcft  poffible  efforts  to  fave  their  artille- 
ry, as  they  had  done  at  Krupc/ize,  they  loft  fix 
field  pieces. 

At  the  fame  time,  the  cavalry  of  the  left  wing 
approached  the  mafked  batteries  in  the  woods,  which 
they  carried  under  a  dreadful  fire  of  cafe  mot  and 
mufquetry.  They  then  advanced,  without  lofing 
a  moment,  againlt  the  column  which  threatened  to 
attack  them,  and  which  was  already  annoying  them 
with  cannon.  A  very  obflinatc  engagement  now 
took  place,  but  the  Ruffians  broke  through  them, 
the  cavalry  fighting  with  the  utmoft  fury.  AlmoiL 
the  whole  column  was  defeated,  and  the  greateft 
part  of  the  cavalry  who  fliould  have  fupported  it, 
faved  themfelves  by  flight. 

The  four  battalions  received  orders  to  cut  off  the 
retreat  of  the  fmall  remains  of  this  column,  to  pre- 
vent their  gaining  the  wood  with  their  four  pieces  of 
cannon  ;  and  as  foon  as  their  order  was  executed 
and  the  cannon  taken,  the  battalions  purfued  the  reft 
of  the  fugitives,  who  were  alfo  endeavouring  to  gain 
the  wood.  In  this  fituation  the  enemy  had  no  re- 
source but  to  fly  to  the  village  of  Dobrin  in  the 
road  to  Warfaw.  Their  cavalry  foon  followed 
their  example,  and  endeavoured  to  fave  themfelves 
by  the  bridge  acrofs  the  marfh  beyond  the  village. 
But  Iflinief  difpatched  the  Moripol  light  horfc, 
with  all  the  CofTacs,  to  prevent  this  manoeuvre,  and 
the  four  battalions  of  chaffeurs  fbw  thither  fo  rapid- 
ly, that  they  arrived  there  almoft  as  foon  as  the 
cavalry.  They  then  began  to  cut  the  dyke  and  the 
bridge,  of  which  they  fcattered  the  fragments ;  and 
thus,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  who  paffed  before 


86 


su  wo  row's 


their  arrival,  the  remainder,  not  being  able  to  engage 
in  this  deep  marfh,  were  obliged  to  retire  to  the 
village. 

Till  this  time  the  artillery  had  fearcely  been 
employed,  and  every  thing  was  decided  by  the  fabre 
and  the  bayonet.  The  held  pieces  had  even  been 
left  in  the  rear  on  account  of  the  lands  and  ploughed 
lands,  round  which  the  troops  were  obliged  tocrofs, 
The  chaffeurs,  however,  ufed  the  cannon  of  their 
battalion.  Some  field  pieces,  at  length,  arrived, 
with  which  thev  fired  on  the  village,  and  drove  out 
thole  who  retreated  thither.  Thus  the  enemy  were 
affailed  on  all  fides  at  once,  and  thofe  who  refufed 
to  furrender  were  cut  in  pieces.  A  few  hundred  of 
the  cavalry  flill  endeavoured  to  fly  acrofs  the  marfh, 
but  both  they  and  their  horfes  were  drowned,  or  fell 
under  the  fire  of  the  chaffeurs  from  the  fide  of  the 
marfh. 

The  greater  part  of  the  Ruffian  infantry  did  not 
engage  in  this  aBion;  after  which,  Suworow  ordered 
Colonel  Markow  to  return  to  Brzefcia  with  two 
battalions,  and  to  take  the  command  of  that  city,  as 
at  Therefpol. 

This  action  terminated  at  two  in  the  afternoon, 
when  Suworow  embraced  the  Generals,  and  thank- 
ed them  for  having  fo  powerfully  contributed  to  the 
victory.  At  this  place  they  made  a  fnort  halt,  and 
the  troops  refled  two  hours.  They  might  have 
advanced  ft  ill  farther;  but  learning  from  the  prifon- 
crs  they  took,  that  very  few  Poles  had  efcaped,  the 
Ruffians  returned,  tinging  in  unifon  with  theirmartial 
mufic,  and  having  the  artillery  and  prifoners  within 
a  league  of  their  van.  Thus  at  feven  o'clock  they 
encamped  at  Therefpol,  nearly  at  the  fame  place 


CAMPAIGNS.  87 

Serakowfki  had  occupied  in  the  morning,  and  the 
very  quarters,  where  that  general  flipped  the  prece- 
ding evening,  now  accommodated  Suworow. 

A  company  of  each  battalion  was  left  behind, 
to  which  were  added  about  an  hundred  Coflacs. 
Thefe  troops  fcoured  the  woods,  and  defeated  the 
enemy,  who  were  difperfed  there,  or  took  them 
prifoners.  Thus  they  paffed  two  days  till  they  had 
completely  cleared  the  country. 

At  the  fame  time,  the  provision  carriages  arrived, 
under  an  efcort,  from  the  other  fide  of  Therefpol, 
together  with  the  other  baggage. 

This  battle,  which  lafted  fix  hours,  happened  on 
the  8-19  September,  1794,  and  one  of  the  molt 
extraordinary  victories  that  was  ever  obtained  : 
for  of  all  the  enemy's  troops  which  amounted  to 
thirteen  thoufand  men,  viz.  ten  thoufand  infantry, 
three  thoufand  horfe,  and  four  hundred  fcythe-men, 
three  hundred,  at  mod,  efcaped,  with  the  five 
hundred  prifoners.  Sirakowfld  and  Krafinfki  fled 
to  Warfaw. 

With  the  exception  of  four  battalions  of  chaffeurs, 
the  cavalry  alone  were  engaged.  The  artillery  had 
been  fcarcely  at  all  employed,  and  the  whole  was 
decided  without  fire-arms.  All  the  enemy's  artille- 
ry, confifting  of  twenty-eight  pieces  of  cannon, 
chiefly  brafs,  and  of  large  calibre,  were  taken,  as 
alfo  two  fplendid  flags,  which  had  been  fent  them  by 
the  revolutionary  council  at  Warfaw,  and  which 
were  the  only  colours  they  had.  That  of  the  in- 
fantry was  white,  that  of  the  cavalry,  blue  ;  and 
each  bore  in  letters  of  gold,  the  words  liberty, 

EQUALITY,  INDEPENDENCE. 

The  corps  of  Ruffians,  under  arms,  confided  of 


88 


Sü  WOROW'S 


eight  thou  fand  men,  of  whom  four  thoufand  and 
two  hundred  were  infantry,  three  thoufand  cavalry, 
and  about  feven  hundred  and  fifty  Coffacs.  They 
Jolt  one  hundred  and  fifty  men,  among  whom  were 
fix  officers ;  and  one  hundred  and  feventy  wounded, 
of  whom  eleven  were  officers. 

When  the  news  of  the  defeat  of  Brzefcia  arrived  at 
Warfaw,  every  one  perceived,  as  we  afterwards 
learned,  that  the  Ruffian  troops  were  commanded 
by  the  fame  General  Suworow,  who  had  before 
made  war  againft  the  Turks,  although,  to  avoid 
difcou raging  the  Poles,  it  had  been  previoufly  ru- 
moured, that  it  was  another  General  of  the  fame 
name. 


C  H  A  P.  XVII. 

Hjf^HE  Ruffians  had  not  long  been  encamped 
JL  at  Brzefcia  when  certain  news  was  received 
that  the  corps  of  Lieutenant- General  Derfelden  was 
at  Slonim.  Suworow  lent  him  orders  to  leave  that 
place,  and  to  attack  Makran.owfki  at  Grodno,  where 
he  then  was  with  a  corps  of  regulars  amounting  to 
two  thoufand  men,  and  four  thoufand  armed  with 
fbythes.  Prince  Repnin  as  oldelt  General  in  chief, 
to  whom  Derfelden  was  fubordinate,  was  apprifed 
of  this  difpohtion,  and  approved  it. 

Twelve  miles  from  Brzefcia,  ana  half  way  to 
Warfaw,  was  a  corps  of  two  thoufand  Poles  near 
Selza  commanded  by  Knoefchevinfch,  who  had 
begun  his  march  with  a  view  to  form  a  jun&ion  with 
Si'rakowfki  from  whom  he  had  received  orders-  to 


CAMPAIGNS,  89 

that  effecl,  after  the  battle  of  Kupezize  *  but  he 
had  not  advanced  many  miles  before  he  received 
the  news  of  the  defeat  of  Brzefcia,  and  returned  to 
Selza. 

Kofciuzko,  who  was  then  at  Warfaw,  was  in- 
formed of  the  fate  of  Sirakowfki.  He  therefore  fet 
off  in  hafte  to  confer  with  Kncechenvitfch,  and 
commanded  lix  thoufand  men  to  follow  him,  giving 
them  orders  to  encamp  near  Lofchiz,  four  miles 
from  Selza$  on  the  road  to  Warfaw.  The  troops 
of  Kncechenvitfch  received  orders  to  join  him^  and 
thefe  fix  thoufand  men  took  a  very  ftrong  poiition 
under  the  command  of  Sirakowfki. 

The  fame  day,  Kofciuzko  went  to  vifit  Makran- 
owfki  at  Grodno,  and  gave  orders  to  all  the  divifions 
of  troops  of  that  canton  to  join  him.  They  were 
divided  under  the  command  of  Hedroitfchj  who 
was  marauding  in  Courland;  of  Wawrofchewfki, 
who  was  pofted  on  that  frontier;  of  Meyen,  who 
was  before  Kowna,  and  of  Willowurfkfki,  Grabow- 
fki  and  Jafinfki,  who  occupied  Wilna.  But  the 
march  of  Derfelden,  as  will  hereafter  appear,  pre- 
vented this  union  of  the  Poles  from  taking  place. 
Kofciuzko  only  flopped  four  and  twenty  hours, 
and  departed  the  next  day  for  Warfaw. 

After  the  fiege  of  this  place  had  been  raifed.  Lieu- 
tenant-General Ferfen  had  advanced  three  miles  on 
the  Viftula^  where  he  paffed  fome  days,  to  cover 
the  rear  guard  of  the  Pruflian  troops  that  were  re- 
tiring. He  afterwards  advanced  two  miles  higher 
as  far  as  Gura,  to  pafs  the  Viftula  there,  bat  found 
no  boats.  Thus  he  was  obliged  to  goto  Warca, 
where  he  with  ^reat  difficulty  procured  fome  fmali 

M 


99 


su  wo  row's 


craft.  This  rendered  the  paflage  of  the  River 
BieJz  very  difficult,  and  he  afterwards  went  to  Ko- 
finiza,  which  is  four  miles  farther.  There  he  halt- 
ed, took  tjie  necetfary  meafures  for  paffing  the 
river,  secured  boats  for  carrying  over  b.ead,  and 
lent  to  buy  anchors  and  cordage  at  Sawiflof  which 
is  twenty  miles  higher  up  the  river. 

Agreeably  to  the  poutive  orders  of  Kofciuzko, 
General  Poninffei  occupied  the  right  bank  of  the 
Viliula,  oppoute  Fufen,  to  oppofe  his  paflage,  and 
frequent  cannonades  took  place  on  both  fides  with 
heavy  artillery,  but  without  doing  much  mifchief. 
On  the  other  hand,  Ferfen  made  various  manoeu- 
vres to  deceive  the  enemy,  and.  to  make  them  be- 
lieve he  intended  to  pafs  the  river  at  Pulawa,  fix 
miles  above  the  pofition  of  Kohniza.  But  he  remain- 
ed there  a  fortnight  till  every  thing  was  ready  to 
e{fe6i  his  paflage. 

Kofciuzkohad  formed  a  plan  to  attack  the  Ruf- 
fian troops  which  Suworow  commanded  before 
Brzefcia,  at  the  head  of  the  corps  of  Sirakowfki, 
polled  near  Lochiz,  which  he  was  to  reinforce.  He 
propofed  at  the  fame  time  that  Makranowlki  mould 
attack  them  in  the  rear  with  a  conndei  able  body  of 
troops,  confiftmg  of  all  the  divifions  of  infantry 
difperfed  over  Lithuania. 

Suworow's  corps  was  now  confidcrably  dimin- 
ifned,  and  he  was  totally  di fabled  from  undertaking 
any  cntcrprizc  on  account  of  the  number  of  prifoii- 
crs  and  cannon  which  he  had  to  guard.  Me  refolv- 
ed,  therefore,  to  relieve  himfelf  from  this  embar- 
raflfm.ent  by  rexaovi&g  them  to  Warkoviz  under  the 
efcoit  of  two  companies  of  grenadiers,  with  an 
incomplete  regiment  of  fuiileers  and  four  pieces  of 


CAMPAIGNS.  gl 

cannon,  five  fquadrons  of  light  horfe.  and  an  hun- 
dred Coffacs,  under  the  command  of  Brigadier 
Wladifchin  :  a  detachment  {Vom  Kiowie  had  orders 
to  meet  them  to  relieve  the  cfcort  from  Wackoviz 
to  Kiowie.  The  tranfport  confided  of  five  hundred 
prifoners,  twenty-four  pieces  of  heavy  artillery  with 
caiffons,  fix  thoufand  mufkets  and  two  thoufand 
pair  of  piftols.  Of  the  artillery  taken  from  the  ene 
my,  Suworow  had  given  four  fix  pounders  to  the 
brave  Peroiaflaw's  regiment  of  horfe  chaffeurs,  to 
remain  with  the  regiment  as  Hying  artillery. 

Shortly  after  the  departure  of  Wladifchin,  a  ru- 
mour prevailed  at  Brzefcia  of  an  engagement  on 
the  road,  between  his  troops  and  the  Poles,  in  which 
the  latter  had  taken  his  artillery  from  him  ;  but  the 
origin  of  this  report,  as  well  as  its  falfehood,  w7ere 
foon  difcovered. 

The  neceffity  of  providing  for  the  fubfiftance  of 
the  Rußians  by  contributing  from  the  countries 
through  which  they  paffed  required  numerous  de- 
tachments, as  fwarms  of  Poles  infefted  that  quarter. 
On  the  other  hand,  half  the  Coffacs  wTere  advanced 
on  the  road  to  Warfaw  to  procure  information,  and 
the  reft  were  employed  in  foraging  in  the  country. 
Hence,  the  effective  number  of  RuiTians  encamped 
before  Brzefcia  were  reduced  to  five  thoufand 
men. 

Brzefcia  was  not  only  the  centre  of  all  thefe 
operations,  but  it  was  alfo  a  rich  granary,  from 
which  Warfaw  was  principally  fupplied  with  provi- 
fions.  That  capital  had  indeed  found  fome  resour- 
ces at  Lublin  as  long  as  the  Pol i Hi  troops  occupied 
it,  but  now  nothing  could  be  expected  from  that 
diftrict,   nor  from  the  neighbourhood  of  South 


Q2  SUWOROW'S 

Pruffia;  every  thing  having  been  confumed  during 
the  fiege  of  Warfaw,  or  carried  off  by  the  P ruffians 
and  Ruffians  in  their  retreat.  In  this  diftricl  the 
infurgent  army  had  levied  great  numbers  of  recruits. 
Each  family  was  obliged  to  furnifh  a  foot  foldier, 
and  every  thiee  families  an  horfeman  equipped  and 
mounted.  Such  were  the  advantages  of  which  the 
infurgents  were  deprived  by  Suworow's  pofition 
near  Brzefcia.  This  confoled  him  for  his  being 
reduced  almoft  to  a  ftate  of  inaclion  in  this  important 
pod,  where  he  remained  four  weeks  till  he  could 
concert  his  final  meafures  vith  Generals  Derfelden 
and  Ferfen.  The  former  received  orders  firft  to 
fcour  Lithuania,  and  afterwards  to  make  a  junction 
with  Suworow.  But  the  latter  was  Hill  beyond  the 
Viftula,  where  he  was  detained  by  the  obftacles  we 
have  related.  Yet,  notwithstanding  the  arduous 
circumfiances  in  which  he  was  placed,  General 
Suworow  was  determined  to  attack  the  firft  body 
that  fhould  prefs  him  too  clofe,  and  to  attack  them 
one  after  another,  in  cafe  they  mould  prefent  them- 
felves  in  feparate  bodies  to  take  him  in  the  rear. 

Suworow  had  the  fatisfatHon  to  be  informed  by 
Prince  Repnin  that  General  Derfelden  had  advanc- 
ed according  to  his  orders  from  Slonim  to  Grodno  : 
and  that  Brigadier  Dicbow  with  his  divifion  of 
about  a  thoufand  men,  had  formed  a  jun6tion  with 
him  from  Pinfk  to  Brzefcia.  As  to  the  Baron  de 
Fe l  fen,  no  news  of  him  arrived,  all  communication 
being  cut  off,  and  the  couriers  lent  to  him  taken 
prifoners,  From  time  to  time,  indeed,  fome  ru- 
mours were  heard  from  travellers,  but  thefe  could 
not  be  depended  on,  and  were  frequently  contra 
rectory. 


CAMPAIGNS. 

Immediately  after  the  taking  of  Wilna  by  the 
Ruffians,  the  Poiifh  Colonel  Grabowfki  retreated 
from  that  diftriö,  with  two  thou  fand  men  and  eight 
field  pieces,  into  the  government  of  Minfk,  which 
was  a  dependency  of  Ruflia.  Major-General 
Xnorring  ordered  about  a  thou  fand  men  to  march 
againft  him,  under  the  command  of  Prince  Riziano. 
The  revolutionary  committee  of  Warfaw  had  order- 
ed all  the  Poiifh  commanders,  who  were  neareft  to 
the  Ruffian  frontiers,  to  enter  the  territories  of  the 
empire,  in  order  to  make  that  the  feat  of  war. 
Grabowfki  had  already  advanced  fifteen  miles 
beyond  the  frontiers.  He  exacled  contributions 
wherever  he  paffed,  had  levied  a  thoufand  recruits 
of  fcythe  men,  and  endeavoured  to  excite  the  inha- 
bitants to  revolt.  But  this  manoeuvre  was  unfuccefT- 
ful.  Prince  Ziziano  overtook  him,  and  found  him 
encamped  in  an  angle,  furrounded  with  a  very 
thick  wood,  having  a  marfh  at  the  edge  of  the  wood, 
and  the  river  Abrutfch  in  his  front.  Ziziano  found 
means  to  turn  him,  prefented  himfelf  in  front  on  the 
other  fide  of  the  river,  and  immediately  fent  him  a 
fummons.  The  Colonel  furrendered  together  with 
his  troops,  who  were  fent  to  Kiowie,  and  Ziziano 
returned  to  Grodno ;  from  which  place  he  fent  a 
report  of  this  event  to  Suworow. 

The  General  had  ordered  Brigadier  Ifeiow  to 
fend  forward  fome  parties  of  Coffacs  as  foon  as 
poffible  towards  Warfaw.  They  went  half  way 
thither  by  fingle  platoons,  and  one  of  thefe  parties 
charged  the  advanced  pofts  of  a  piquet  of  the  ene- 
my at  Lukow,  ten  miles  from  Brzefcia.  The 
prifoners  declared  that  the  corps  of  Sirakowfki  and 
Kncefchevitfch,  to  which  they  belonged,  had  depart- 


94  su  wo  row's 

ed  three  days  before  from  Lofchiz,  and  that  they 
were  encamped  fix  miles  from  Warfaw.  The 
Coffacs  animated  by  their  fuccefs,  were  continually 
venturing  to  advance ;  and  about  an  hundred  of 
them  attacked  in  the  night  a  Polifh  Colonel,  who  was 
polled  with  an  hundred  frefh  recruits  in  a  cattle  at 
Selifchze.  This  was  the  intrepid  Colonel  Wofurin- 
flu,  who,  although  the  peafants  had  apprifed  him  of 
the  approach  of  the  Coflacs,  would  not  defcrt  his 
poft.  The  Coflacs,  finding  the  gates  of  the  caftle 
ihut,  raifed  them  from  the  hinges  with  levers,  and 
penetrated  notwithstanding  a  vigorous  refiftarice, 
into  the  court,  where  they  fought  above  an  hour, 
with  iword  and  fabre.  At  length  the  Poles  being 
almoft  entirely  defeated,  the  Colonel  with  a  few  of 
his  men,  who  remained  took  to  flight,  retreating 
through  a  pcftern  gate,  where  he  mounted  his  horfe : 
but  the  Coflacs  having,  according  to  the  cullom  of 
that  nation,  furrounded  the  caftle,  and  perceiving 
their  intentions,  began  to  purfue  them.  The  Colo- 
nel was  on  a  very  fwift  horfe,  and  it  was  with  great 
difficulty  he  was  overtaken.  He  would  not  however 
afk  for  quarter,  and  died  fighting  bravely,  under 
the  pike  of  a  CofTac.  Not  one  of  his  little  troop 
efcaped. 

Suworow's  corps  was  now  reinforced  with  a  thoufand 
men  by  the  two  regiments  of  Coflacs  of  Grekow  and 
Kutenikow.  Thefe  light  troops  from  fifty  to  eigh- 
ty men,  often  attacked  in  platoons,  whole  detach- 
ments of  Poles  confrfting  of  feveral  hundred  men, 
and  always  with  fuccefs.  With  one  of  thefe  par- 
ties, which  was  reinforced  with  an  hundred  men, 
Major  Popow  attacked  four  hundred,  beat,  difperl- 
cd  and  drove  them  into  the  woods.    He  made  a 


CAMPAIGNS.  95 

considerable  booty  of  uniforms  at  Sokowlow,  where 
a  revolutionary  committee  was  cftablilhed,  and 
carried  off  the  military  chert,  containing  fixty  thou- 
iand  Polifh  florins.  On  his  return  he  was  fuddenly 
attacked  by  two  hundred  horfe,  from  whom  he  not 
only  difengaged  himlelf,  but,  having  charged  and 
difperfed  them,  he  returned  victorious  into  Brzefcia 
with  his  booty  and  his  prifoners. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  Sclza  the  CofTacs  took  a 
courier,  difpatched  by  Makranowfki  to  Kofciuzko. 
The  fubftance  of  the  letter  he  carried  was :  "  That 
i;  in  conformity  to  the  deliberations  of  Grodno,  he 
M  had  aiTembled  all  the  detachments  difperfed  over 
<;  Lithuania  ;  that  he  had  marched  with  them 
"  againrt  Bielfk,  fifteen  miles  from  Grodno,  on  the 
"  road  to  War  fa  w  ;  and  that  he  had  ported  a  divi . 
"  fion,  commanded  by  Wavrofchewfki,  under  the 
"  walls  of  Plerka,  on  the  frontiers  of  Pruffia.  He 
"  added  that  fome  parties  of  Ruffians,  which  he 
"  imagined  belonged  to  Dcrfelden's  corps,  had  ap- 
"  peared  within  two  miles  of  him.  He  concluded 
"  by  afking  Kofciuzko,  as  commander  in  chief, 
"  for  orders  relative  to  the  final  operations."  This 
letter  was  dated  the  18th  September,  1794. 

At  the  time  when  this  letter  was  on  its  way  to 
Brzefeia,  Suworow  received  the  report  of  General 
Derfeldcn,  giving  an  account  of  his  march  from 
Slonim  to  Grodno,  in  conformity  to  his  orders. 
During  his  march  nothing  worthy  of  remark  hap- 
pened,  except  frequently  meeting  with  fmall  parties 
of  the  enemy  that  had  been  repulfed  or  defeated. 
On  bis  arriv  al  at  Grodno  the  vanguard  of  Valerian 
Zubow  had  tül.en  a  hundred  new  recruits  prifoners. 
They  had  aJfo  foujnd  a  few  hundred  meafures  of 


$6  st;  wo  row's 

flour  and  bifcuit  which  had  been  diftributed  to  the 
troops,  as  alio  a  number  of  uniforms.  Derfelden 
added,  that  he  was  waiting  for  the  arrival  of  Ziziano 
at  Grodno,  where  he  propofed  to  leave  him,  and 
to  proceed  with  his  corp*  to  Bialaceretu. 

We  left  General  Ferfen  under  the  walls  of  Kor- 
niza,  from  which  place,  communication  not  being 
fecure,  no  news  from  him  had  yet  arrived.  At 
length  on  the  a 8th  of  September,  the  Auftrian 
General  Harnoncourt  informed  Suworow,  that 
Baron  de  Ferfen  had  fent  him  word  by  an  officer* 
that  he  had  thrown  a  bridge  acrofs  the  Viftula  on 
the  25th  of  that  month.  A  few  days  after,  a 
Polifh  officer  was  brought  prifoner  to  Suworow, 
and  gave  him  the  agreeable  news  of  the  defeat  of 
Kofciuzko  at  Matfcheviz,  eight  miles  from  War- 
faw,  and  twenty  from  Brzefcia,  with  all  the  par- 
ticulars. 

The  following  are  the  details  taken  from  the 
report  of  this  memorable  aclion,  which  had  fo  great 
an  influence  on  the  fate  of  Poland. 

Kofciuzko,  as  we  have  already  faid,  had  concert- 
ed with  Makranowflci  to  attack  Suworow's  corps 
before  Brzefcia  at  the  fame  time  in  the  front  and  i» 
the  rear.  He  was  therefore  in  momentary  expecta- 
tion of  the  arrival  of  Makranowflci  at  Bielfk,  where 
he  was  to  have  conference  with  him,  relative  to  their 
final  meafures.  He  had  chofen  a  pofition  near 
Lukow,  that  he  might  be  at  hand  to  march  againft 
Brzefcia,  and  at  the  fame  time  attack  Baron  de  Fer- 
fen, in  cafe  he  fhould  be  able  to  crofs  the  Viftula. 
Poninfki  had  informed  him  that  the  fmaller  divifion 
of  the  Ruffian  corps  intended  to  effect  a  paflage  at 
Kofniza,  and  the  greater  at  Pulawa  ;  and  the  next 


CAMPAIGNS.  97 

day  he  informed  him  that  a  part  had  already  paffed 
near  Kofniza;  and  Kofciuzko,  having  no  reafon 
to  believe  that  this  was  the  whole  body,  marched 
without  delay  againft  the  village  of  Okrafcha,  which 
was  about  feven  miles  from  the  pod  he  occupied. 
Befides  of  the  8,000  men  of  Sirakowfki  and  Knoe- 
fchewitfch,  Kofciuzko  had  near  2,000  frefli  recruits, 
which  increafed  his  corps  to  10,000  men. 

When  he  arrived  at  Okrafcha  he  difcovered  his 
miftake,  and  to  remedy  it,  immediately  fent  orders 
to  Poninfki  to  join  him  with  the  utmofl  hafte  3 
for  he  perceived,  he  could  not  avoid  coming  to  an 
engagement,  as  Poninfkow  had  fuffered  himfelf  to 
be  deceived. 

In  fa&,  Baron  de  Ferfen,  perceiving  that  the 
enemy  had  fallen  into  the  fnare,  relative  to  the 
manoeuvre  of  a  battalion  of  horfe  chaffeurs  towards 
Pulawa,  and  had  marched  thither  ;  immediately 
threw  a  bridge  over  the  Viftula  at  the  very  fpot  he 
had  before  occupied.  He  had  already  fent  forward 
two  battalions  of  chaffeurs  on  rafts  fupported  by 
fix  fquadrons  of  horfe  chaffeurs  and  fix  regiments 
of  Coflacs,  who  fwam  over  the  river,  to  fcour  the 
oppofite  [  bank,  and  form  a  tcte-de  pont :  but  he 
was  three  days  effecting  his  paffage,  on  account  of 
the-  baggage  and  artillery.  The  fuccefs  of  this 
manoeuvre  correfponded  with  the  wifdom  of  his 
arrangements. 

His  fir  ft  ftep  was  to  reconnoitre  the  country ; 
and  Kofciuzko,  who  had  in  the  meanwhile  arrived, 
and  whofe  camp  was  at  the  diftance  of  a  mile,  re- 
moved in  the  courfe  of  the  day  three  miles  further 

N 


98  su  wo  row's 

to  Matfcheviz,  a  very  advantageous  pofition,  and 
where  he  intrenched  himfelf. 

Baron  de  Ferien  having  fatisfied  himfelf,  that 
Poninfki  had  not  yet  formed  a  junction  with  Kof- 
ciuzko,  rciolved  to  attack  him  the  next  day.  He 
therefore  difpatched  General  Denifow  at  dufk  with 
four  battalions,  ten  fquadrons,  and  all  the  lix  regi- 
gimcnts  of  Cofiacs,  together  with  eight  pieces  of 
cannon,  by  a  by-road,  half  a  mile  long,  through  the 
woods  and  marines,  to  attack  the  left  flank  of  the 
enemy.  Fer.fen  himiclf  began  to  marth  at  mid- 
night with  the  right  wing  divided  into  two  columns, 
compofed  of  fourteen  battalions  and  thirty  three 
fquadrons  together  with  thirty  -fix  field  pieces,  under 
the  command  of  Major- Generali  Kruiehow,  Don- 
nafow,  kackmanow,  and  ol'  Brigadier  Bagreon, 
and  immediately  pioceeded  to  Ma  tie  he  viz. 

He  arrived  at  cu )  break  in  front  of  the  enemy's 
lines  ;  at  the  very  moment  when  Denifow  was 
beginning  to  engage,  and  immediately  attacked  the 
front  of  the  lines  with  drums  beating.  His  troops, 
animated,  rather  than  fatigued,  by  a  nocturnal  march 
of  great  difficulty  along  marihy  roads,  by  w7hich 
the  centre  had  been  much  incommoded,  conducted 
themielves  with  their  accuitomed  valour. 

Kofciuzko,  thus  affailed  and  furrounded  on  all 
fides,  defended  himfelf  with  the  greateft  obfiinacy 
till  one  o'clock,  when  no  further  hopes  remained, 
and  the  fate  of  the  battle  was  wholly  decided.  Six 
thoufand  Poles  remained  upon  the  held,  and  fixteen 
thouland  menwcie  made  pri Toners,  among  whom 
were  Generals  Sirakowlki,  Kofcinfki,  Kncefche- 
vitfeh,  and  nearly  two  hundred  fupenor  and  ftaff 
officers.    Ail  their  artillery  alio  fell  into  the  hands 


CAMPAIGNS.  99 

of  the  Ruffians,  and  only  fifteen  hundred  men,  who 
traverfed  the  woods  of  Warfaw,  efcaped.  The 
Ruffians  loft  eight  hundred  men,  and  had  fifteen 
hundred  wounded. 

Kofciuzko  who. commanded  thisbody,and  was  alfo 
General  in  chief  of  the  Polifh  infurrection,  had  ex- 
poied  his  perfon  during  the  whole  pf  the  action  ;  but 
having  at  length  made  a  defperate  effort  with  the 
weak  remains  of  his  cavalry,  he  was  obliged  to  fave 
hitafeif  by  flight.  But  although  his  horfe  was  ex- 
tremely fwift,  he  was  overtaken  by  Cornet  Phili- 
pinko  of  the  Charkow  light  horfe,  a  fubaltern 
officer,  and  a  few  CofTacs.  He  had  already  receiv- 
ed two  wounds  of  a  fabre,  one  in  his  neck,  and  the 
other  in  his  head,  when  a  Coffac  called  out  to  him 
to  afk  for  mercy  ;  and  being  enraged  at  his  not 
anfwering,  wounded  him  in  the  back  with  his  pike, 
which  caufed  him  to  fall  from  his  horfe,  in  a  ftate 
of  infenubility  ;  ana  as  they  did  not  know  him,  he 
would  infallibly  have  been  killed,  had  not  the 
Coffac  been  retrained  by  one  of  his  officers,  who 
told  them  he  was  the  Commander  in  Chief;  upon 
which  he  w7as  removed  to  a  neighbouring  convent. 
In  his  pocket  they  found  a  fmall  loaded  piltol,  of 
which  it  was  eafy  to  guefs  the  object  *  but  being 
fenfelefs,  he  was  unable  to  ufe  it.  He  was  attend- 
ed with  great  care,  and  fome  time  after  removed, 
by  Suworow's  orders,  to  the  houfe  of  General 
Romanzow,  near  Kiowie,  he  being  the  oldeit  com- 
manding officer  in  the  Ruffian  army  ;  and  after- 
wards to  Peter  (burg. 

The  capture  of  a  leader  of  fo  much  importance 
was  not  the  Leaft  precious  of  the  trophies  of  the 
victory  of  Matfcheviz,  as  will  appear  f  rom  the  im„ 


too 


su  wo  row's 


preffion  his  lofs  made  on  the  Poles.  But  before  we 
defcribe  the  particulars,  it  will  be  proper  to  give  a 
fhort  {ketch  of  that  General's  life. 

Kofciuzko  was  a  gentleman  of  fmall  fortune  in 
the  environs  of  Brzefcia.  His  father  left  him  a 
patrimony  of  only  a  few  peafants,  that  is  to  fay, 
but  a  fmall  landed  eftate.  He  was  educated  at 
Warfaw  in  the  Royal  Academy  of  Cadets,  and 
made  a  very  rapid  progrefs,  efpecially  in  the  art 
of  engineering.  After  paffing  eight  years  at  this 
fchool,  he  ferved  in  the  army  as  an  officer.  He  then 
went  to  America,  where  he  obtained  a  commifTion 
under  General  Wafhington,  and  rofe  to  the  rank  of 
Lieutenant  Colonel  of  light  infantry*  He  continu- 
ed in  America  till  the  end  of  the  war,  and  diilin- 
guifhed  himfelf  on  various  occafions  by  his  bravery 
and  talents. 

When  the  new  conftitution  of  the  third  of  May 
1791  was  publifhed  in  Poland,  he  returned  to  his 
country.  He  fucceffively  vifited  Warfaw,  Galhcia, 
and  other  parts.  And  the  Poles  having  refolved 
to  oppofe  the  Ruffian  army  that  had  penetrated 
into  their  country,  he  was  appointed  Major-Gene- 
ral, and  placed  at  the  head  of  the  advanced  guard 
under  the  orders  of  Prince  Jofeph  Poniatowflu, 
Commander  in  Chief  of  the  whole  army.  He  was 
prefent  at  the  battles  of  Sftenzi,  Tibienka,  and 
Lublin,  againft  the  Ruffians,  in  all  which  he  diflin- 
guHhed  himfelf.  Soon  after  thefe  events,  peace 
was  reftored.  On  the  arrival  of  Cakowfki,  he  was 
at  Warfaw,  from  thence  he  went  by  Sandomir  to  the 
foot  of  the  mountains  to  vi  fit  the  Princefs  Czartorin- 
fka,  who  affifted  him  with  her  purfe.  Here,  applying 
to  the  circumftances  of  the  times  thofe  principles 


CAMPAIGNS. 


101 


of  liberty  which  he  had  learned  in  America,  he 
began  ferioufly  to  employ  his  mind  on  the  revolu- 
tion, which  he  propagated  by  his  correfpondence, 
both  in  Poland  and  Lithuania  ;  and  the  flame  of 
infurreclion,  lighted  up  by  his  means,  foon  began 
to  extend  itfelf  in  every  part  of  the  kingdom. 

In  the  fpring,  he  went  by  Moldavia  to  Conftanti- 
nople,  where  the  miniftry  of  the  Porte  received  him 
with  refpect.  His  object,  however,  which  was  to 
produce  a  rupture  between  that  Court  and  Ruffia, 
was  fufpe&ed  and  frultrated  by  feveral  foreign 
minifters,  refiding  there.  Perceiving,  therefore, 
that  his  projeel  would  prove  abortive,  he  quitted 
Conftantinople  and  went  to  France  ;  where  he 
contemplated  the  ftorms  of  the  revolution,  during 
his  refidence  at  the  capital,  which  he  quitted  on  the 
approach  of  winter  to  return  to  the  Princefs  Czar- 
torinlka.  From  that  time  he  began  to  take  large 
ftrides  towards  producing  a  revolution,  which  broke 
out  in  March,  at  Crakow,  under  the  direction  of 
Madelinhki ;  and  in  April,  at  War  law,  under  the 
conduct  of  Makranowfki.  Hence  it  was  that  the  laß 
city  fell  a  victim  to  thofe  calamities  which  are  in* 
feparable  from  violent,  popular  commotions.  Kof- 
ciuzko,  after  having  viiited  Crakow,  to  adminiftcr 
the  oath  of  fidelity  to  the  infurgents,  came  to  War- 
faw,  where  he  played  a  confpicuous  part ;  in  which 
he  evinced  a  degree  of  bravery  and  (kill,  that  con- 
tinued to  the  laft.  But  even  thefe  great  qualities, 
being  employed  in  an  unequal  contelt,  haftened 
both  his  own  ruin  and  that  of  his  country. 

Not  only  the  troops  were  in  great  confternation, 
at  the  lufs  of  their  commander,  but  difcouragement 
and  affliction  fprcad  theml'elves  throughout  Warfaw, 


102 


SUWOROW'S 


where  the  zealous  partizans  of  the  new  confiitution 
anticipated  its  approaching  fall.  The  revolution- 
ary committee  appointed,  in  his  place,  Major- Ge- 
neral Wavrofchewfki,  although  Makranowfki  and 
others  were  his  feniors  in  command  j  and  this 
general  was  immediately  lent  for  to  Warfaw,  where 
the  oath  having  been  adminiftered  to  him  in  full 
council,  he  toek  pofTefTion  of  his  new  command. 
Wavrofchewfki  had  been  a  week  before  the  walls 
of  Brellk,  when  he  received  the  news  of  Kofciuzko's 
defeat.  Derfelden  was  fix  miles  from  him,  before 
Bilaceretu.  Makra3,owfki,  uneafy  at  being  fo  near 
him  and  fearing  an  attack  on  the  hde  towards  Brzef- 
cia,  retreated  to  Warfaw. 

Suworow  no  fooner  heard  the  news  of  the  vic- 
tory of  Matfcheviz,  than  he  took  meafures  to  form 
a  junction  with  Derfelden  and  Ferfen,  and  imme- 
diately tent  them  the  neccflary  orders  to  that  ctfeft. 
Derfelden  was  to  march  from  Bialaceretu,  and  tak- 
ing the  road  to  Bielfk  and  Grodno  on  the  Bug, 
ten  miles  from  his  former  pofition,  to  engage  the 
enemy,  Ihould  he  meet  him;  after  which  he  was  to 
pais  that  river,  and  to  march  to  Prague  (or  Pragua) 
which  is  a  i'uburb  of  Warfaw,  where  General 
Suworow  would  make  a  junction  with  him.  On 
the  other  hand.  Ferfen  had  received  orders  to  go 
to  Pragua  by  Selkow,  Parczow,  and  Minzki,  where 
all  the  corps  were  to  meet. 

The  efcort  under  the  command  of  Wladifchin, 
which  had  brought  the  artillery  and  prifoners  to 
K  to  wie,  was  now  returned,  and  Suworow  aflembled 
around  him  all  the  detachment  employed  in  procur- 
ing providons  and  forage.  Thus  this  corps  now 
amounted  to  near  ten  thoufand  men,  from  which 


CAMPAIGNS.  IO3 

however,  mud  be  deducted  two  thoufand,  who 
remained  behind,  at  Bzrefcia,  under  Brigadier 
Dibow,  to  cover  the  baggage.  He  had  therefore 
about  feven  thoufand  men  under  arms,  with  whom 
he  fet  out  towards  Warfaw  at  dufk,  on  7-16  Oc- 
tober, ^794. 


CHAP.  XVIII. 

GENERAL  Derfelden,  in  conformity  to  the 
orders  he  had  received,  marched  immediately 
from  Bilaceretu  to  Bielfk,  and  then  to  Branfk,  from 
which  place  he  fent  a  report,  announcing  that  the 
enemy  were  retiring  towards  the  frontiers  of  Kuhla, 
and  that  he  was  harraffing  them  in  their  retreat.  A 
few  days  after,  he  wrote  that  the  vanguard  comman- 
ded by  Valerian  Zubow  had  overtaken  and  defeated 
their  rear  guard,  confiding  of  about  five  hundred 
men,  who  were  almoit  all  cut  in  pieces  or  taken  pri- 
foners. 

Makranowfki  now  haftened  towards  the  Bug. 
He  had  fent  a  confiderable  detachment  before  him 
to  throw  a  bridge  over  it  at  the  village  of  Popkow, 
but  the  laft  column,  which  confided  of  about  three 
thoufand  men,  before  they  could  efteel  their  paffage 
near  Hedroitfch,  was  overtaken  by  Derfelden's  rear 
guard.  This  column  exerted  itfelf  to  avoid  an 
engagement,  and  having  loft  a  few  hundred  mc.i, 
in  a  very  fhort  time  pa  fled  the  bridge.  The  Poles 
fired  a  few  cannon  (hot  at  them,  and  Count  Zubow 
was  wounded  in  the  foot. 

Derfelden  received  advice,  that  ten  miles  further 


104 


su  wo  row's 


the  Pol i Hi  General  Grabowfki  was  hovering  about 
the  environs  of  Zakroczyn,  behind  Narew,  with  a 
thou  fand  men,  whom  he  had  collecled  together. 
He  therefore  lent  Colonel  Anarep  upon  the  fcout, 
with  fix  fquadrons  and  a  few  chafleurs,  who  foon 
mi  t  them,  killed  about  an  hundred  of  them,  and 
having  taken  about  a  hundred  prifoners,  difperfed 
the  reit. 

In  the  mean  time  Suworow's  corps  had  arrived 
at  the  fmall  town  of  Janova,  from  which  he  fent 
about  an  hundred  CorTacs,  in  two  detachments,  to 
fcour  the  country.  At  firft  he  intended  to  have 
attacked  Makranowfki  over  againft  Bielfk,  twenty- 
miles  from  Janova;  but  having  learned  that  he  had 
left  that  place,  he  determined  to  cut  off  his  road 
to  Warfaw,  by  approaching  nearer  to  him.  He 
therefore  advanced  three  miles  further  towards 
Tolkow,  where  he  was  informed  a  body  of  the 
enemy  were  polled,  amounting  to  fome  thou  fand 
men,  before  Staniflavow,  where  they  might  receive 
reinforcements  from  Warfaw,  which  was  but  four 
miles  from  that  place.  He  accordingly  gave  or- 
ders to  Baron  Ferfen  to  direel  his  march  from 
Minfk  towards  Staniflavow,  fo  as  to  arrive  there 
at  day-break  on  the  thirteenth  of  September ;  in- 
forming him  alfo,  that  he  would  him  fell  be  there 
at  the  fame  time. 

A  difpatch  from  Ferfen  acquainted  him,  that  he 
had  departed  from  Korytnica  on  the  10th  of  Sep- 
tember, and  as  it  was  impofhble  for  him  to  arrive 
before  Staniflavow  on  the  day  appointed,  he  was, 
therefore,  informed  that  the  rendezvous  was  poft 
poned  one  day. 

Some  of  the  prifoners  brought  in  by  the  Coflacs 


CAMP  AIGN  3.  1C5 

gave  information,  that  Makranowfki  was  already 
in  the  neighbourhood  ;  that  he  would  arrive  the 
following  night ;  and  was  to  take  the  road  to  War- 
la  w.  Orders  were  therefore  immediately  difpatch- 
ed  to  Ferfen  to  make  an  attack  alone  with  his  corps 
before  Staniflavow,  beaufe  the  enemy  were  not 
ftrong  there,  and  Suworow  propofed  to  wait  the 
arrival  of  Makranowfki  at  Wengrow.  The  event 
however  did  not  turn  out  as  we  expected.  The 
enemy  did  not  appear,  and  Suworow  impeded  by 
a  narrow  fandy  road,  did  not  arrive  till  the  14th  at 
Staniflavow,  where  Ferfen  had  arrived  the  preced- 
ing evening,  without  having  met  the  enemy  in  his 
road.  Thus  it  was  that  the  junction  of  the  two 
troops  took  place.  That  of  Ferfen  confifted  of 
above  ten  thoufand  men  underarms,  and  the  w7hole 
corps  under  the  command  of  Suworow  now  amount- 
ed to  feventeen  thoufand  men. 

The  two  thoufand  Poles,  who  occupied  Stanifla- 
vow, had  retired  to  Okonief,  three  miles  from  War- 
faw.  Ferfen,  who  was  to  the  left  of  Suworow's 
corps,  was  therefore  ordered  to  attack  them,  and  the 
General  marched  with  the  right  wing  within  four 
miles  of  that  place  to  Kobylka,  where  alio  was  a 
party  of  Poles.  As  thefe  troop?  were  near  Warfaw, 
whence  they  could  eafily  draw  fuccours,  the  General 
preferred  acling  with  his  own  corps  to  (ending  a  de- 
tachment. He  alfo  expected  in  the  road  to  meet 
Makranowfki,  whofe  route  from  the  Bug  to  War- 
faw naturally  lay  by  Kobylka.  In  order  to  divide 
his  forces  equally,  he  took  fifteen  hundred  horfe  of 
Ferfen's  corps,  namely  ten  fquadrons  of  Smolenfki 
dragoons  and  fix  fquadrons  of  Charkow  and  Ach- 

O 


I  CO 


SÜWOROW  3 


tirk  light-horfe.  On  the  approach  of  night  the  two 
corps,  thus  divided,  refpeclively  began  to  march  in 
the  moft  perfect  filence. 

Suworow's  corps  halted  half  way  to  attack  the  ene- 
my at  day  break.  Brigadier  Ifeiow  firlt  advanced 
with  eight  hundred  Coffacs,  and  was  fupported  by 
ten  fquadrons  of  Pereiaflaw  horfe  chaffeurs.  The 
latter  however  marched  fo  rapidly,  that  they  had  foon 
advanced  a  quarter  of  a  mile  beyond  the  column. 

Some  peafants  taken  by  the  Coffacs  reported,  that 
a  confidcrable  party  had  that  very  night  formed  a 
junclion  with  the  enemy,  Ifeiow  therefore  immedi- 
ately fent  to  Suworow  to  know  if  he  was  t©  wait  for 
a  reinforcement,  to  which  that  General  replied  by 
oidc  ys  to  advance. 

The  Ruffians,  having  paffed  a  thick  wood,  came 
to  a  muddy  pond,  which  was  a  few  hundred  paces 
acrofs,  and  from  which  they  extricated  themfelves 
with  great  difficulty,  as  their  march  raifed  the  mud, 
and  it  became  more  impaffable  in  proportion  as  they 
advanced. 

In  the  meanwhile  the  Coffacs  and  the  chaffeurs 
B  arrived  in  front  of  the  enemy  and  formed.  The 
latter  were  much  morenumerous  than  was  expeQed, 
being  ranged  in  two  lines,  with  their  infantry  in  the 
centre,  the  cavalry  on  both  wings,  and  their  front 
covered  on  either  fide  by  chaffeurs  concealed  in  the 
wood,  together  with  fome  pieces  of  cannon.  They 
were  polled  in  a  plain,  which  was  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
acrofs,  furrounded  with  woods,  and  with  feveral 
roads  in  their  rear. 

Notwithftanding  the  fuperiority  of  their  numbers, 
die  Coffacs  and  chaffeurs  fell  full  gallop  on  the  two 
wings.    They  were  received  with  a  heavy  difcharge 


CAMPAIGNS.  IQJ 

of  cafe  mot  and  mufkctry,  and  their  fianks  in  parti- 
cular were  annoyed  by  fome  pieces  of  cannon  which 
were  concealed  in  the  woods.  After  an  a&ive  re- 
li fiance  of  half  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  the  enemy's 
flanks  were  beat  in  ;  but  the  infantry,  who  were  in  the 
centre,  were  not  broken,  and  retreated  in  perfeft.  or- 
der, and  the  wings  wheeled  round  and  formed  into 
cloie  columns.  The  chaffeurs,  who  were  in  ambuf- 
cadein  the  wood,  then  alio  retreated  with  their  can 
non ;  but  moft  of  them  were  cut  to  pieces  by  Briga- 
dier Stahl,  who  commanded  the  Pereiaflaw  horfe  chaf- 
feurs. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  engagement,  Suworow, 
perceiving  the  enemy  were  fuperior  in  numbers,  fent 
orders  to  the  cavalry,  who  were  filing  off  in  his  rear 
into  the  wood,  to  accelerate  their  march.  Upon 
this,  the  regiments  immediately  advancing  with  the 
utmofl  eagernefs,  the  whole  cavalry  arrived  at  the 
very  moment  the  firfl  engagement  had  concluded. 

The  enemy,  who  were  retiring  in  three  close  co- 
lumns along  the  roads  that  led  to  the  woods,  being 
partly  fupportedby  their  cavalry,  were  attacked  on 
all  fides  by  the  cavalry  of  the  Ruffians,  and  by  the 
dragoons,  the  greater  part  of  whom  were  ordered  to 
difmount. 

Thefirfl  column,  which  confifted  of  about  a  thou 
fand  men,  marched  to  the  right  at  a  diftance  of  al- 
mofl  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  fecond;  and  the 
General,  pro  tempore,  Iflinief  purfued  them  with  ten 
fquadrons  of  dragoons  and  light  horfe,  and  a  bat- 
talion of  chaffeurs.  Notwithftanding  a  very  quick 
fire  of  artillery  and  of  mufketry,  he  came  up  with 
them  on  a  fmall  plain,  killed  two  hundred  men. 
took  thirty  prifoners,  and  two  pieces  of  cannon. 


su  wo  row's 


and  difperfed  the  reft  of  the  column  in  the  woods. 
Thus,  leaving  a  part  of  his  troops,  he  returned  with 
the  reft  to  the  plain,  where  the  aclion  had  com- 
menced, and  there  found  Suworow,  who  ordered 
him  immediately  to  return  into  the  wood,  becaufe, 
according  to  the  report  of  fome  dragoons,  the  Poles 
who  had  been  difperfed,  were  aflembled,  fiflnkf 
taking  with  him  fix  fmall  fquadrons  of  dragoons  of 
refervc,  furroü'nded  and  attacked  on  all  fides  the 
remainder  of  this  column,  who  laid  down  their 
arms,  and  fued  for  quarter.    Among  the  prifoners, 
of  whom  they  took  three  hundred  and  eighty,  were 
Colonel  Boland  and  twenty-four  fuperior  and  ftaff 
oncers. 

On  arriving  in  the  plain  where  they  had  before 
formed  in  a  column,  thefe  prifoners  requefted  the 
General  to  give  them  fome  refreshment ;  becaufe 
they  had  been  marching  during  feveral  days, 
and  had  eaten  very  little.  He  ordered  them  what- 
ever was  to  be  had,  and  Brigadier  Stahl,  who  had 
made  the  firft  attack  with  the  chaffeurson  horfeback, 
and  who  was refting.  together  with  his  fquadron  at  the 
fame  place,  ordered  his  officers  to  make  a  fhort 
halt,  when  the  Ruffian  foldiers  divided  their  fmall 
poitions  of  provifions  with  the  fame  Poles  they  had 
juft  been  fighting. 

The  fquadrons  and  battalions  of  chaffeurs,  form- 
ing together  thirteen  hundred  men,  who  had  attack- 
ed this  cqlujmn,  aflembled  and  ranged  themfelves 
on  this  plain,  leaving  only  a  party  of  Coffacs  behind 
to  fcour  the  woods. 

The  fecond  column  of  the  enemy,  which  was 
weaker  than  the  firft,  and,  like  that,  without  cavalry, 
was  purfued  by  a  regiment  of  huffars  and  three  fqua- 


CAMPAIGNS,  IO9 

drons  of  carabineers,  under  the  orders  of  Brigadiers 
Barafkoi  and  Polemanow.  The  General  alio  lent 
after  them,  a  battalion  of  chaffeurs  and  four  fqua- 
drons  of  difmounted  dragoons.  Thefe  purfued  the 
column  into  the  woods;  but  as  the  enemy  took  a 
very  narrow  road,  and  the  wood  was  very  thick  on 
both  fides,  the  Ruffians  could  not  break  it.  At 
length,  the  enemy  fucceeded  in  difengaging  them- 
felves  from  their  purfuers,  and  in  joining  the  third 
column  of  the  left. 

This  column  wasabout  three  thou  fand  men  ftron^ 
and  took  the  great  road  to  W arfaw,  which  is  very 
broad.  Nine  fquadrons,  two  battalions,  and  about 
four  hundred  Coffacs,  under  the  orders  of  Potemkin 
and  Schevitfch,  were  fent  in  purfuit  of  them.  The 
cavalry  made  a  circuit,  and  fuddenly  attacked  the 
rearguard  on  a  fmall  plain.  The  latter  were  fup - 
ported  by  a  hundred  and  fifty  horfe,  who  were  cut  in 
pieces.  The  infantry  afterwards  attacked  them  and 
broke  the  lines;  and,  after  a  full  quarter  of  an  hour's 
refiflance,  the  column  took  to  flight,  leaving  about 
five  hundred  men  upon  the  field. 

Potemkin  had  demanded  a  reinforcement  of  the 
General,  pro  tempore,  Illinief,  who,  after  beating 
the  firit  column,  fent  him  five  fquadrons  of  light 
horfe.  Potemkin  alfo  took  the  precaution  of  de- 
taching three  fquadrons  of  carabineers,  with  almoff. 
all  the  Coffacs,  to  fcour  the  woods  to  the  left,  and 
to  cut  off  the  road  along  which  the  column  was  pro- 
ceeding. While  the  fecond  was  joining  the  third,  Po- 
temkin was  rejoined  by  the  fquadrons  of  Polemanow 
and  Baraflkoi,  and  both  ofthem  purfued  their  march 
in  the  fame  direction. 

The  carabineers  and  detached  Coffacs  discharged 


su  wo  row's 


their  commiffion  in  the  beft  manner  poJTible.  Ac- 
cordingly, the  column,  marching  along  a  height,  did 
not  fee  thefe  fquadrons  till  they  fuddenly  appeared 
before  them ;  while  the  others  were  on  the  point  of 
attacking  them  in  the  rear.  A  brifk  fire  now  com- 
menced from  the  column  on  both  fides,  but  the  bat- 
talions of  Raffianchaffeurs,  inftead  ofamuling  them- 
felves  with  the  fire,  fell  on  them  with  the  bayonet;  at 
the  fame  time  the  five  fquadrons  of  light  horfe,  who 
could  not  penetrate  any  further  acrofsthe  wood,  dis- 
mounted and  fell  on  the  enemy  with  their  fabres. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  Coffacs  and  carabineers  did 
the  fame.  The  Poles  defended  themfelves  bravely, 
and  would  not  afk  for  quarter.  The  battle  continu- 
ed near  an  hour,  and  they  were  almofl  all  cut  in 
pieces.  Only  four  hundred  prifoners  were  taken, 
among  whom  were  thirty  fupcrior  and  ftaff  officers, 
together  with  Bicheffki,  Adjutant- General  of  the 
King,  who  was  feverely  wounded  in  the  fhoulder. 
Colonel  Ratifcheffki  and  Olfcheffki  were  killed. 

They  took  all  the  artillery  of  the  Poles,  confid- 
ing of  nine  pieces  of  cannon,  and  a  large  revolu- 
tionary flag,  being  the  only  one  they  had  with  them  ; 
and  as  none  of  thefe  troops  efcaped,  the  fate  of  this 
corps,  which  confifted  of  about  five  thoufand  men, 
was  not  known  at  Warfaw  for  a  coniiderable  time. 
The  lofs  of  the  Ruffians  was  very  inconfiderable. 

While  they  w  ere  approaching  the  enemy,  and  a 
little  before  the  action  commenced,  they  perceived 
a  numerous  train  of  Polifh  waggons,  under  a  weak 
cfcort,  and  the  General  detached  againft  them  one 
hundred  Coffacs  and  two  fquadrons  of  carabineers 
to  fupport  them.  But  before  thefe  arrived,  the 
Coffacs  were  mailers  of  the  convoy;  for  the  fifty 


CAMPAIGNS. 


1  I  1 


men,  who  were  efcorting  it,  threw  down  their  arms 
and  furrendered.  In  the  waggons  they  found 
bread,  oats,  and  uniforms. 

General  Mayen,  who  commanded  the  corps  which 
formed  the  firft  column  of  Makrawnowfki's  army, 
was  lodged  in  a  caftle  near  the  place  where  the 
troops  were  aflembled.  But  he  no  fooner  heard  the 
report  of  cannon,  than  he  fled  to  Warfaw,  and  the 
twenty  or  thirty  Coflacs,  fent  after  him,  were  una- 
ble to  come  up  with  him. 

The  infantry  had  not  been  employed,  becaufe 
they  could  not  come  up  in  time,  on  account  of  the 
narrownefs  of  the  road,  and  of  the  marfhy  ground, 
which  had  been  rendered  (till  more  impaflable  Oy- 
the cavalry. 

The  Coffees,  not  contented  with  feeing  the  coun- 
try fcoured,  difpatched  fome  parties  of  them  acrofs 
the  woods  as  far  as  the  intrenchments  of  Prague,  two 
miles  from  Kobylka,  where  they  threw  everyone  into 
the  greateft  alarm;  as  it  was  imagined  the  Ruffian 
troops  were  following  them. 

One  of  thefe  parties  of  Coflacs  reported,  that  a 
confiderable  body  of  Poles  were  under  march.  Up- 
on this,  Suworow  immediately  fent  meffengers  to 
haften  the  march  of  his  infantry,  which  was  in  the  rear. 
It  wras  the  corps  of  General  Gorinfki,  confifting  of 
feven  thoufand  men,  who  belonged  to  Makranowfki, 
and  whofe  intention  was  to  go  to  Kobylka,  but  as  he 
heard  the  cannon  echoing  through  the  woods,  he  had 
no  favourable  idea  of  the  event,  and  returned  directly 
to  Warfaw. 

When  this  aBion,  which  had  continued  four 
hours*  was  terminated,  all  the  troops  aflembled  under 
-Kobylka.  where  the  camp  was  pitched.    The  lord  of 


112 


SUWOROW'S 


this  little  town,  was  a  venerable  old  man,  Count  Un- 
rime,  who  had  lately  arrived  there,  having  had  the 
greater!  difficulty  to  obtain  a  paflport  from  the  revo- 
lutionary committee  at  Warfaw,  where  he  had  been 
arretted,  at  the  commencement  of  the  revolution. 
The  CofTacs  who  were  detached,  during  the  engage- 
ment, to  take  poffeffion  of  Kobylka,  miftookthis 
perfonage  for  a  General,  becaufe  he  wore  a  blue  rib- 
band, and  fecured  him  as  an  important  prifoner. 
His  caftle  now  ferved  for  the  head  quarters,  and  he 
received  Suworow  with  open  arms,  at  the  fame  time 
congratulating  him  on  his  viclory,  and  felicitating 
himfelf  on  thus  recovering  from  his  alarm.  Suwo- 
row invited  him  to  dinner,  together  with  the  Gene- 
rals and  other  officers,  his  prifoners,  among  whom 
was  Bifcheffki,  although  much  incommoded  by 
his  wound.  But  his  liberty  was  foon  reftored 
through  refpecl  to  the  King  of  Poland. 

Ferfen,  who  with  his  corps  had  marched  againft 
Okenief,  did  not  find  the  enemy  there.  Having 
relied  therefore  a  fhort  time,  he  came  in  hafte  with 
a  party  of  cavalry  to  join  General  Potemkin,  but 
when  he  arrived  all  was  over.  Pie  afterwards  join- 
ed General  Suworow  and  encamped  on  his  left. 

Derfelden  arived  fhortly  after  him,  and  encamp- 
ed on  his  right.  Alter  fcouring  the  country,  he 
had  flopped  fome  days  at  Grodno,  to  procure  pro- 
vifions  and  bake  bread,  and  had  direcled  his  march 
by  Sokolow  and  Staniflavow.  His  corps  confillcd 
of  .eleven  battalions,  fourteen  fquadrons,  and  three 
regiments  of  Collacs,  amounting  together  to  five 
thoufand  men,  and  was  furnifhed  with  twenty  four 
field-pieces.  The  whole  army  under  Suworow  row 
amounted  to  twenty-two  thoufand  men. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


The  next  day  after  his  arrival  at  Kobylka,  he  be- 
gan his  preparations  for  making  a  vigorous  attack 
on  Prague.  He  caufed  a  quantity  of  fafcines  to  be 
made  in  the  woods,  as  alfo  ladders,  and  hurdles  to 
cover  the  wells,  and  the  troops  were  exercifed  in 
various  evolutions  and  manoeuvres  of  affault.  To 
relieve  himfelf  from  the  guard  and  fubfiftance  of  the 
Polifh  prifoners,  who  amounted  to  eighteen  hundred 
men,  they  were  conducted  under  a  good  efcort,  to- 
gether with  the  artillery,  to  the  frontiers  of  Rufiia. 

In  the  meanwhile  Makranowfki  had  arrived  at 
Prague,  before  Warfaw.  His  corps  confuted  of 
twenty  thoufand  men,  of  whom  five  thoufand  were 
cavalry  and  a  few  thoufand  fcythe-men,  together 
with  forty -eight  pieces  of  cannon,  after  having  paf- 
fed  the  Bug,  had  marched  in  three  columns.  The 
firft  and  ftrongeft,  which  he  commanded  in  perfon, 
had  palled  the  river  near  Suchozin,  under  the  fire 
of  the  Pruffian  batteries^  without  being  detained  up- 
on their  route :  the  fecond,  under  Gorzinfki,  had 
marched  directly  in  the  centre ;  and  the  third,  under 
the  command  of  Mayen,  marching  a  mile  to  the  left 
of  the  direct  road,  had  been  entirely  defeated  under 
Kobylka. 

Makranowfki  had  written,  during  his  march,  to 
the  revolutionary  committee  at  Warfaw,  that  he  was 
tired  of  his  fituation,  and  was  defirous  of  retiring. 
They  requefted  him,  however,  to  continue  the  com- 
mand till  the  troops  arrived  at  Warfaw.  He  was  no 
fooner  there  than  he  religned,  and  lived  as  a  private 
individual. 


1 1 4 


su  wo  row's 


C  H  A  P.  XIX. 

WHILE  the  Ruffian  troops,  encamped  under 
the  walls  of  Kobylka,  were  employed  in 
making  the  principal  preparations  for  the  affault, 
General  Suworow  was  meditating  the  plan  of  ope- 
rations. On  the  third  day  of  his  refidence  at  Ko- 
bylka he  went  to  reconnoitre  the  intrenchments 
of  Prague  with  his  generals  and  fevcral  officers. 
They  were  fupported  by  ten  fquadrons  of  Pereia- 
flaw  horfe  chafl'eurs,  fix  fquadrons  of  Oleopol 
buflars,  and  a  few  hundred  Colfacs. 

They  were  received  with  a  dreadful  cannonade 
from  various  batteries  in  the  intrenchments,  and 
the  General,^™  tempore,  Iflinief  had  a  horfe  killed 
under  him. 

The  efcort  attacked  the  chain  of  pickets  of  the 
enemy  at  various  points,  drove  them  into  the  in- 
trenchments and  killed  about  fifty  men.  The 
Poles  dared  not  rifle  a  fally  to  oppofe  this  recon- 
noitering,  which  was  peaceably  performed,  and, 
after  having  employed  fome  hours  in  examining  the 
molt:  efTential  objects,  the  generals  returned  to  their 
camp,  with  their  fuite  and  their  efcort,  without 
fuffering  the  fmalleft  lofs. 

Major  Bilcheffki,  brother  of  the  King's  Ad- 
jutant-General, came  to  the  camp  in  the  King's 
name,  to  a!k  permiffion  to  carry  the  wounded 
Adjutant  to  Warfaw  to  be  properly  attended. 
To  this  Suworow  confentcd  without  hesitation, 
requefting  the  officer  to  prefent  his  homages  to  the 
King,  and  the  next  day  the  two  brothers  returned 
to  War  (aw  with  an  efcort. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


Another  Polifh  officer  came  the  fame  clay  to  the 
camp.  This  was  Major  Muller,  whom  the  revo- 
lutionary committee  had  fent,  together  with  a  phy- 
fician,  to  take  care  of  Kofciuzko.  But  this  was 
refufed,  becaufe  that  General  was  already  at  a  great 
diilance,  and  the  roads  not  being  fafc,  this  requclr. 
could  not  be  granted  without  adding  a  confiderablc 
efcort,  which  circumftances  would  not  permit.  It 
was  alfo  obferved  that  the  General  was  already 
under  the  care  of  a  fkilful  man,  and  that  he  had  all 
the  affi  ftan.ee  he  could  de  fire. 

The  officer,  who  was  charged  with  this  propofi- 
tion  was  accompanied  by  a  fecond  phyfician,  for- 
merly a  prifoner  at  Warfaw,  who  had  been  fet  at 
liberty,  and  who  was  fent  to  attend  Count  Valerian 
Zubow,  having  been  previoufly  attached  to  him. 
This  generous  offer  was  accepted  with  gratitude. 

General  Suworow  received  Major  Muller  with 
the  greateft  politenefs.  He  kept  him  to  dinner, 
and  having  formed  a  favourable  opinion  of  him, 
or,  perhaps,  wifliing  coolly  to  overawe  his  enemy 
by  the  appearance  of  his  troops,  permitted  him  to 
fee  them  at  his  eafe  in  their  camp,  and  ordered  a 
fubaltern  officer  to  accompany  him.  Muller  was 
not  a  little  furprifed  at  the  prodigious  activity  of 
the  Ruffians,  and  the  immenfe  preparations  they 
had  already  made  for  the  affault.  At  his  return, 
Suworow  told  him  he  was  concerned  at  feeing  the 
Poles  running  into  the  jaws  of  deOruclion,  by  a 
refiftancc  which  was  equally  obftinatc  and  fruitlefs, 
while  it  was  in  their  power  to  preferve  their  liberty 
by  accepting  the  amnefty;  and  that  if  they  perhtted 
in  defending  themfelves,  they  would  all  be  put  to 
the  fword. 


SU  WOROW?S 


The  Polifh  General  in  Chief,  Zeionfchik,  who 
fucceeded  Makranowfki,  had  given  Muller,  as  he 
paffed,  a  letter  to  Suworow,  relative  to  the  fend- 
ing back  Kofciuzko's  effects.  But  his  demand  was 
made  in  fo  high  and  uncivil  a  manner,  that  the 
General  thought  proper  to  make  him  feel  the  im- 
propriety of  it  by  a  vigorous  anfwer  in  the  following 
terms. 

"  The  mad  leaders  of  the  revolt  expect  to 
"  bravado  Ruffia  by  bafe  atrocities.  Zei'onfchik 
t;  dreams  that  his  new  poft  excufes  him  from  the 
"  rules  of  politenefs.  Count  Suworow-Rymnifki 
"  returns  him  his  Jacobin  fcribble.  Here  we 
"  want  no  equality  or  frenetic  liberty.  No  trumpet 
"  will  be  received,  unlefs  it  comes  in  the  name  of 
66  fmcere  repentance,  and  imploring  oblivion  for 
"  the  pad. 

"  C.  S.  R." 

Major  Muller  returned  the  next  day  to  Warfaw, 
and  carried  back  this  reply.  But  in  lieu  of  keep- 
ing it  to  himfelf,  Zei'onfchik  read  it  to  the  revolt 
tionary  committee,  where  it  made  a  lively  impreflion, 
and  where  feveral  members  of  this  affembly  per- 
ceived in  this  rigorous  anfwer,  the  fate  that  threatened 
their  ephemeral  power  ;  a  prefentiment  which  was 
fpeedily  realized. 

Ail  the  necefTary  meafures  were  now  taken,  and 
the  preparations  for  the  affault  of  Prague  completed. 
General  Suworow  extended  and  approved  the  plan 
of  attack,  of  which  many  of  the  particulars  had  been 
concerted  in  the  council  of  war.  Thefe  he  com- 
municated to  all  the  commanding  officers  of  regi- 
ments, battalions,  fquadrons  and  companies,  and 
thus  every  thing  was  ready  for  the  affault, 


4 


CAMPAIGNS,  liy 

The  General  had  ordered  that  no  one  Ihould 
fhew  himfelf  towards  Prague,  except  thole  who 
went  to  reconnoitre  ;  nor  was  it  allowed  to  fend 
thither  any  patroles  without  his  orders.  According 
to  the  information  he  had  received,  he  knew  pretty 
well  the  ürength  of  the  garrifon  of  that  luburb,  and 
of  the  intrenched  camp,  which  defended  the  entrance 
of  it.  Thefe  intrenchments  were  ftrongcr  than 
thole  of  Warfaw,  and  fufficiently  extenfive  to  ferve 
as  a  field  of  battle.  The  garrifon  con  filled  of 
thirty  thoufand  men.  The  plan  of  affault  contain- 
ed iixteen  articles,  which  were  to  the  following 
effea. 

I.  The  army  {hall  march  from  Kobylka  againft 
Prague  in  three  columns  by  three  different  roads, 
on  the  2  2d  of  February  at  five  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  fhall  encamp  in  a  circle  round  Prague. 

II.  The  right  wing  fhall  be  commanded  by 
Derfelden,  the  centre  by  Lieutenant-General  Po- 
temkin,  and  the  left  wing  by  Lieutenant-General 
Baron  de  Ferfen. 

III.  On  the  following  night,  when  the  army  fliall 
have  pitched  their  camp,  batteries  fhall  be  creeled 
in  front  of  each  corps,,  and  play  throughout  the  day 
on  the  enemy's  batteries,  which  fliall  be  annoyed  as 
much  as  poifible.  The  objecl  of  thefe  batteries  is 
to  deceive  the  enemy,  by  making  them  believe  we 
mean  to  commence  a  regular  liege,  and  to  give  the 
generals  and  commanding  officers  of  columns  time 
again  to  reconnoitre,  under  protection  of  the  cannon, 
the  points  of  rendezvous  for  the  columns  and  the 
points  of  attack. 

IV.  In  the  night  between  the  23d  and  24th  the 
army  fliall  be  arranged  in  feven  columns.  Four 


SÜWOROW'S 


fhall  march  to  the  right,  two  in  the  middle  towards 
the  left,  and  one  in  the  left  wing  to  the  banks  of  the 
Viftula. 

V.  Each  column  (hall  be  preceded  by  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-eight  arquebufiers  and  two  hun- 
dred and  feventy-two  pioneers.  The  former  fhall 
be  commiflioned  to  carry  the  enemy's  advanced  pofts 
without  firing,  to  defend  the  pioneers,  and  to  draw 
the  enemy  on  to  the  ramparts,  while  the  approaches 
are  making.  The  pioneers  fhall  clear  the  roads 
from  rubbilh,  and  carry  the  fafcines,  hurdles  and 
ladders.  Befides  thefe  pioneers,  each  battalion 
fhall  be  accompanied  by  thirty  labourers  furnifhed 
with  implements  of  intrenchment. 

VI.  As  foon  as  the  the  firft  column  of  the  right 
wing  fliall  have  forced  the  enemy's  intrenchments 
with  the  bayonet  they  fhall  cut  off  their  communica- 
tion and  their  retreat  over  the  bridge. 

VII.  As  foon  as  the  fecond  and  third  column  fhaji 
have  taken  the  works,  and  batteries  they  fhall  range 
themfelves  in  order  of  battle  in  the  great  fquare. 

VIII;  The  fourth  column,  after  furmounting 
every  obflacle,  and  taking  the  two  cavaliers,  fhall 
immediately  feize  the  park  of  artillery. 

IX.  The  three  laft  columns  fhall  make  their 
attack  half  an  hour  later,  to  give  time  to  the  enemy, 
who  are  known  to  be  more  numerous  towards 
their  right,  to  carry  their  ftrength  to  the  other 
fide,  and  thus  to  afTure  the  fuccefs  of  the  ma- 
noeuvre. 

The  feventh  column  are  particularly  ordered  to 
march  to  the  alfault,  directing  their  courfe  againtt; 
the  ifland  in  the  final!  river,  and  to  fend,  if  pofhblc, 
a  detachment  to  the  left,  towards  the  bank  of  the 


CAMPAIGNS.  119 

Viflula,  to  affin;  the  firft  column  to  cut  off  the  re- 
treat of  the  enemy  by  the  bridge. 

X.  As  Toon  as  the  columns  fhall  have  pierced 
through  the  enemy  and  formed,  they  lhall  imme- 
diately fall  upon  the  enemy  with  the  fabre  and 
bayonet. 

XI.  The  bodies  of  referve  of  each  column, 
compofed  of  two  battalions  and  two  fquadrons,  to- 
gether with  thofe  who  conduct  the  flying  artillery  of 
the  columns,  fhall  march  at  a  diftance  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  paces  behind  each  column,  lhall  im- 
mediately form  on  the  parapet  of  the  firft  intrench- 
ment,  and  (hall  by  means  of  the  pioneers  clear  the 
road  as  much  as  poffible  for  the  cavalry. 

XII.  As  foon  as  all  the  columns  (hall  have  carried 
the  fecond  intrenchment,  they  mail  clear  the  ftrcets 
of  Prague,  and  overthrow  the  enemy  with  the  bay- 
onet, without  (topping  for  trifles,  or  entering  into 
the  hou fes,  and  then  the  bodies  of  referve  fhall 
occupy  the  fecond  intrenchment  in  the  fame  or- 
der and  with  the  fame  objecl,  as  is  above  pointed 
out. 

XIII.  At  the  fame  time  all  the  field  artillery, 
conlilting  of  eighty-fix  pieces  of  cannon,  fhall  occu 
py  the  outermoft  intrenchment,  and  fhall  be  fup- 
ported  by  one  third  of  the  cavalry ;  and  the  remain- 
ing two-thirds  fhall  keep  on  the  two  wings,  obferving 
a  proper  diftance. 

XIV.  The  Coffacs  fhall  remain  in  the  place 
affigned  them  behind  the  columns.  Thole  who 
fhall  be  between  the  fourth  and  fifth  columns  at  the 
beginning  of  the  afiault,  fhall  approach  the  intrench- 
raent  crying  out  Hurra  !  and  thofe  who  fhall  be 


120 


s  u  wo  row's 


ported  on  the  banks  of  the  Viftula,  fhall  keep  their 
poll,  forming  a  femicircle. 

XV.  The  troops  mult  ac~t  with  the  greateft  energy 
againft  thofe  who  are  under  arms,  but  fhall  fpare 
inhabitants,  unarmed  perfons,  and  thofe  who  fhall 
afk  for  quarters. 

XVI.  Asfoonas  the  bufmefs  fhall  be  terminat- 
ed, a  proper  ground  fhall  be  fought,  for  ere&ing 
batteries,  where  the  field  artillery  fhall  be  placed, 
and  the  troops  fhall  immediately  begin  a  brifk  can- 
nonade on  Warfaw. 

Accordingly  the  "army  began  to  march,  at  the 
appointed  hour  on  the  2 2d  Oclober,  from  the  camp 
of  Kobylka,  in  three  bodies,  againft  Prague,  two 
miles  from  the  place  from  which  they  fet  out.  The 
troops  marched  with  drums  beating  and  colours 
flying,  they  arrived  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning 
at  the  appointed  polls,  and  ranged  themfelves  round 
Prague  beyond  the  reach  of  the  cannon. 

At  their  approach  the  enemy's  advanced  pofts 
remained  at  their  ftations,  but  the  Ruffians  attacked 
them  with  the  bayonet.  This  excited  an  alarm  in 
the  middle  of  their  intrenchmenU,  which  was  heard 
at  a  great  diftance. 

The  troops  encamped,  and  the  Generals,  having 
made  all  the  arrangements  relative  to  the  good  order 
of  the  camp,  mounted  their  horfes  in  the  afternoon 
to  reconnoitre.  General  Suworow  infpecled  the 
whole  camp  in  the  evening  and  paffed  the  night 
there. 

Towards  midnight  batteries  were  fpecdily  creeled 
in  front  of  the  three  corps.  On  thefe  two  thoufand 
men  were  fet  to  w  ork,  fupported  by  fix  battalions, 
and  by  live  in  the  morning  the  batteries  were  finifh 


CAMPAIGNS. 


ed.  There  was  one  of  twenty-two  pieces  of  cannon 
on  the  right  wing,  one  of  fixteen  in  the  centre,  and 
one  of  forty -eight  on  the  left  wing. 

At  break  of  day  the  Ruffians  began  to  ufe  all 
their  artillery,  and  were  anfwered  from  the  intrench- 
ment,  by  a  very  brifk  fire^  which  however  annoyed 
them  but  little.  The  agitation  among  the  enemy 
on  feeing  thefe  batteries  fo  fpeedily  erected,  and  of 
which  there  was  not  the  fmalleit  appearance  the  pre- 
ceding evenings  was  very  great. 

The  generals,  commanders  of  columns,  and 
feveral  other  officers  again  mounted  their  horfes  to 
reconnoitre^  and  attentively  examined  the  points 
where  the  columns  wrere  to  affemble  and  attack. 
Thefe  various  places  were  pointed  out  by  Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Iwafchow  and  quarter-mafter  Gluckow 
of  the  engineers.  The  enemy  exerted  themfelves 
to  the  utmoft  to  prevent  this  operation,  kept  up  a 
Very  brifk  fire  from  their  mortars,  and  fent  out  fome 
rifle-men,  againft  whom  were  difpatched  two  batta- 
lions who  repulfed  them. 

Suworow  alfo  wTent  to  reconnoitre  with  fome 
perfons  of  his  fuite,  and  made  feveral  additions  to 
the  plan  of  affault.  Till  the  very  moment  when 
it  was  to  begin,  he  paffed  the  night  at  Belalenka,  a 
fmall  village  about  a  mufket  (hot  behind  the  camp. 

At  three  in  the  morning  the  troops  began  to  march 
In  feven  columns.  The  firft  and  fecond  were  led  by 
Lieutenant- General  Derfelden,  under  whom  Major- 
General  Lafci  commanded  the  firft,  and  Colonel 
Prince  Laborow  Raftowfki  the  fecond. 

Lieutenant-General  Potemkin  led  the  lecond, 
and  under  his  orders  Major-General  Iflinief  and 

Q 


122 


S  U  WOROW'S 


Burhawden  commanded  die  third  and  fourth  co- 
lumns. The  three  columns  of  the  right  wing  were 
led  by  Lieutenant- General  Baron  de  Ferfen,  under 
whom  were  Major-Generals  Tormafaw,  Rachma- 
nou  and  Dcnizow.  All  the  cavalry  were  under  the 
orders  of  Major-General  Schwitten,  and  command- 
ed by  Brigadiers  Polewanow,  Barawfkoi,  Stahl,  and 
Saburow.  Its  bufinefs  was  to  fupport  the  field 
artillery  and  defend  the  columns  on  each  wing. 

The  fir  ft  column  confided  of  two  battalions  of 
Livonian  chaffeurs,  and  three  battalions  of  Fanagor 
grenadiers;  and  the  body  of  referve,  of  the  Tuli 
regiment  of  mufketeers,  and  three  fquadrons  of  Kio- 
wie  horfe  chaffeurs. 

The  fecond  column  confided  of  two  battalions  of 
Bielorufs  chaffeurs,  the  Abfcherow  regiment  of  muf- 
ti ueteers  and  a  battalion  of  mufqueteers  from  Nifow ; 
the  body  of  referve,  of  the  fecond  battalion  of  Nifow 
mufketeers  and  five  fquadrons  of  Kinburn  dragoons 
who  ferved  on  foot. 

The  third  column  confifted  of  two  battalions  of 
Livonian  chaffeurs,  and  four  battalions  of  Cherfon 
grenadiers;  and  the  body  of  referve,  of  a  battalion  of 
Smolenfki  mufketeers,  five  fquadrons  of  Smolenfki' 
di (mounted  dragoons,  and  three  fquadrons  of  Pereia- 
flaw  horfe  chaffeurs. 

The  fourth  column  confifted  of  the  third  battalion 
ofBielorus  chaffeurs,  the  fourth  battalion  of  the 
corps  of  Livonian  chaffeurs,  and  the  regiment  of  Af- 
fe w  mufketeers;  and  the  body  of  referve,  of  the 
Naefki  regiment  of  mufketeers,  the  five  other  fqua- 
drons of  difmounted  Smolenfki  dragoons,  and  three 
fquadrons  of  Oleopol  huffars. 

The  fifth  column  confifted  of  the  firft  battalion  of 


CAMPAIGNS. 


123 


CatherinofJaw  chaffeurs,  the  Kurfki  regiment  of  mus- 
quetcers,  and  a  battalion  of  grenadiers,  formed  oi 
different  companies;  and  the  body  of  rcferve,  of  a- 
nother  battalion  of  the  fame,  a  battalion  of  Nowo- 
gorod  mufketeers,  and  three  fquadrons  of  Elizabeth- 
grad horfe  chaffeurs. 

The  fixth  column  confirmed  of  a  battalion  of  Ca- 
therinoflaw  horfe  chaffeurs  and  three  battalions  of  Si- 
berian grenadiers';  and  the  body  of  rcferve  of  the  Nc- 
prow  regiment  of  mufqueteers  and  the  three  fqua- 
drons of  Oleopol  huffars. 

Laftly,  the  feventh  column  confided  of  two  hun- 
dred Tfchomomor  Coffacs,  two  battalions  of  Ca- 
therinoflaw  chaffeurs,  and  the  Kofelow  regiment  of 
mufketeers;  and  the  body  of  referve,  of  the  regi- 
ment of  mufketeers  from  Ugli  and  three  fquadrons  of 
Elizabethgrad  horfe  chaffeurs. 

The  cavalry  upon  the  right  wing  confifled  of  two 
fquadrons  of  Kiowie  horie  chaffeurs,  four  fquadrons 
of  carabineers,  two  from  Sever  and  two  from  Sophi, 
and  fix  fquadrons  of  Mariopol  light  horfe.  Between 
the  fourth  and  fifth  columns,  on  account  of  the  great- 
nefs  of  that  interval,  and  to  cover  the  artillery,  was 
placed  an  intermediate  corps  of  feven  fquadrons  of 
Pereiaflaw  horfe  chaffeurs,  and  five  fquadrons  of 
Alexander  light  horfe.  On  the  right  wing  of  the 
fifth  column  were  ten  fquadrons  of  Tfchcrnikow  and 
Glukow  carabineers,  and  three  fquadrons  of  Oleo- 
pol huffars. 

On  the  left  wing  between  the  fixth  and  feventh 
columns  were  four  fquadrons  ofElizabethgrad  horfe 
chaffeurs,  fix  fquadrons  of  Achtik  light  horfe,  and 
three  fquadrons  of  Woroni  huffars.  The  Coflac^ 
occupied  the  four  principal  points  of  the  two  wings 


124  SUWOROW'S 

on  the  banks  of  the  Viftula,  and  were  to  the  number 
of  three  hundred  and  fifty,  and  fix  hundred  and  thir- 
ty; and  between  the  fourth  and  filth  columns  to  the 
number  of  four  hundred  and  twenty -five,  and  feven 
hundred  and  fifty. 

The  Ruffian  troops  who  were  ready  to  put  them- 
felves  in  motion  in  the  order  here  defcribed,  were 
waiting  for  the  fignal  in  the  profoundeft  filence. 
General  Suworow  gave  the  word  of  Belabenka,  and 
the  m  ulket,  which  was  the  fignal  of  attack,  was  fired 
at  five  in  the  morning.  Immediately  they  were  all 
in  motion,  although  it  was  then  very  dark.  Suworow 
went  in  perfon  and  pofted  himfelf  on  a  height,  whence 
he  might  obferve  every  thing  that  paffed,  about  a 
werft  from  the  outermoftof  the  enemy's  works. 

The  two  firft  columns,  as  well  as  the  bodies  of 
referve  in  the  interval  between  them,  were  expofedl 
during  their  approach  to  the  crofs  fire  of  feveral  bat- 
teries, namely,  of  that  which  they  were  attacking,  of 
thofe  of  the  (mail  illands  which  were  fortified  on  the 
Viftula,  of  thole  of  Marimont  and  even  of  Warfaw, 
and  on  their  flanks  to  afire  of  cafe  (hot,  andofmuf- 
ketry.  But  nothing  could  difcourage  them,  and 
they  rapidly  leaped  the  ditch  and  the  parapet,  and  fell 
upon  the  cavalry  and  infantry  that  were  behind  them. 
Brigadier  Polewanow  caufed  thefetwo  firft  columns 
to  be  fupported  by  fome  fquadrons  of  horfe  chaf- 
feurs,  who  leaped  over  the  ditch, attacked  the  remain 
der  of  the  enemy's  cavalry,  and  defeated  them  with 
the  bayonet.  1  he  infantry  drove  the  enemy  to  the 
banks  of  the  Viftula,  penetrated  into  the  fuburb  it- 
felf,  purfued  them  from  ftreet  to  ftreet,  as  far  as  the 
bridge,  cut  oiT  their  retreat  over  it,  killed  two  thou- 
jfand  men  upon  the  fpot,  and  made  two  thoufand 


CAMPAIGNS.  125 

priioners, among  whom  were  feveral  officers  and  two 
Generals.  About  one  thoufand  men,  who  attempt- 
ed to  fave  themfelves  by  fwimming,  perifhed  in  the 
Viftula. 

The  third  and  fourth  columns  were  obliged  to  af- 
cend  afmall  Tandy  hill,  where  they  found  great  ab 
jtacles  to  be  furmounted.  Impatient  to  arrive,  the 
greater  part  threw  away  their  hurdles  and  fa  feines, 
in  order  to  march fafter  over  the  fand,  and  only  made 
ufe  of  their  ladders,  helping  each  other  with  their 
hands  to  pafs  the  lix  lines  of  wells  the  enemy  had 
dug. 

The  third  column  took  poffeffion  of  two  ftrong 
detached  baftions,  and  penetrated,  notwithstanding 
a  vigorous  re G Ranee,  into  the  interior  of  the  works. 
They  had  particular  reafon  to  fear  the  efforts  of  the 
enemy's  cavalry,  who  put  themfelves  in  motion  to 
fall  upon  their  flank ;  but  General  Iflinief  imme- 
diately ordered  fome  battalions  of  grenadiers  to  form 
a  line  and  attack  them  with  the  bayonet.  T  his 
manoeuvre  obliged  the  enemy  to  take  to  flight. 

The  fourth  column  took  a  cavalier,  and  an  advan- 
ced fort,  furrounded  with  a  ftqne  wall,  and  their  bat- 
teries, which  were  palifadoed.  Thefe  troops  then 
immediately  divided,  and  penetrated  on  both  tides 
into  the  park.  They  leaped  over  the  hedge  and  the 
parapet,  carried  five  more  batteries,  and  attacked  the 
enemy  in  front,  and  on  their  flanks.  Thus  the  ene- 
my had  two  thoufand  men  cut  in  pieces,  and  Gene- 
ral Hcefler  was  taken  prifoner,  with  twenty  other 
officers. 

There  was  alfo  towards  the  park,  a  regiment  of 
the  !ine,  compofed  entirely  of  Jews,  to  the  number 
gf  five  hundred,  well  armed  and  equipped.and  on  the 


12Ö 


SU  WOROW'S 


fame  footing  with  the  other  Polifh  regiments,  from 
whom  they  could  not  be  diftinguifhed.  They  made 
an  obftinate  defence,  but  were  at  length  all  deftroy- 
ed  to  the  very  laft  man,  except  their  Colonel  Hir- 
fchko,  who  prudently  remained  at  Warfaw. 

While  thefe  two  columns  were  approaching  the 
laft  fort  of  the  interior  intrenchment,  a  magazine  of 
powder  and  bombs  blew  up,  but  the  vicinity  of 
this  explofion  did  not,  for  a  moment  delay  their 
march. 

The  fifth  column  overcame  every  difficulty  with 
prodigious  rapidity,  carried  the  batteries,  and  after 
having  penetrated  into  the  fuburb,  went  directly  by 
the  great  ftreet,  to  the  bridge,  and  affifted  the  infan- 
try of  the  firft  colurrm,  to  cut  off  the  retreat  of  the 
fugitives  over  the  bridge  of  Warfaw. 

The  feventh  column  met  with  many  obftacles. 
They  had  been  obliged  to  fet  forward  on  the  march 
much  fooner  than  the  other  columns,  to  file  round  a 
marfh.  They  paffed  through  two  villages,  formed 
themfelves  into  a  column,  arrived  at  the  intrench- 
ment raifed  between  the  pond  and  the  fmall  arm 
of  the  Viflula,  carried  three  batteries,  and  marched 
on.  The  enemy'*  cavalry  which  had  endeavoured 
to  {top  their  progrefs,  were  cut  off  by  a  part  of  this 
column,  and  the  reft  were  deftroyed  by  the  bayonet 
or  thrown  into  the  Viflula,  where  nearly  a  thoufand 
men  perifhed,  and  five  hundred  were  taken  pri- 
foners. 

As  foon  as  the  columns  were  in  poffefiion  of  the 
advanced  polts,  and  had  penetrated  beyond  them, 
the  bodies  of  referve  advanced  towards  the  points 
prefcribed  them,  and  foon  after  the  artillery  per- 
formed the  fame  manoeuvre',  fupported  by  the  cavaU 


CAMPAIGNS.  127 

ry  of  referve,  which  took  a  number  of  prifoners 
among  thole  who  were  flying. 

Till  this  period  the  columns  had  combated  and 
rep ul fed  the  enemy  in  the  great  interval  which 
feparated  the  external  intrenchments  from  the  for- 
iiheations  of  the  fuburb,  as  in  the  field  of  battle. 
They  now  penetrated  into  the  fartheft  of  the  for- 
tifications of  Prague  itfelf,  and  began  to  make  a 
dreadful  carnage  in  the  ftreets  and  public  fquares, 
which  were  deluged  with  blood.  The  moft  dread- 
ful of  thefe  fcenes  was  the  mafTacre  of  fome  thoufand 
men,  arretted  in  their  flight  on  the  banks  of  the 
Viftula.  The  Ruffians  took  three  thoufand  four 
hundred  prifoners,  and  the  remainder  were  killed 
with  the  fword  and  bayonet,  or  drowned  in  the 
river  before  the  eyes  of  the  inhabitants  of  Warfaw, 
who,  from  the  oppohte  bank,  vainly  ftretched 
forth  their  hands  to  affift  them. 

So  great  a  number  of  prifoners  however,  taken 
at  a  fingle  point  during  the  heat  of  the  action, 
leaves  no  doubt  of  the  moderation  of  the  conquer- 
ors ;  and  this  fact,  which,  like  all  the  reft  of  this  ac- 
tion, was  fully  authenticated,  at  length  deftroyed  the 
exaggerated  accounts  and  pamphleteering  declam- 
ations, which,  by  doubling  the  numbers  of  the 
killed,  endeavoured  to  tarnifn  the  glory  of  the 
Ruffian  General.  Befides,  were  equity  at  all 
compatible  with  party  fpirit,  the  writers  who  have 
deplored  the  fate  of  Poland  would  have  obferved, 
that  it  is  rarely  in  the  power  of  the  leaders  to  fuf- 
pend  or  curb  the  impetuofity  of  the  foldiers  in  the 
heat  of  the  action,  ftill  lefs  in  the  fury  of  an  alfauk, 
and,  lea  ft  of  all,  in  fuch  an  affault  as  that  of 
Prague,  where  the  majority  of  the  Ruffians  were 


128 


£u\voro\v's 


animated  with  the  remembrance  of  their  Joffes 
during   the  infurre&ion  of  Warfaw  in  1793. 

But  another  equally  lamentable  fpe&acle  pre- 
fented  itfelf  to  the  inhabitants  of  that  capital  in 
the  burning  of  feveral  houfes  of  Prague,  the  def- 
truction  of  which  feemed  to  menace  them  with  a 
fpeedy  fate.  At  once  they  heard  balls  hiffing  on 
every  fide,  bombs  burfting,  and  the  cries  of  the 
dying.  The  mournful  found  of  the  tocfin  increaf- 
ed  the  noife  of  the  artillery,  and  the  confirmation 
was  univerfal  amidft  all  clafles  of  the  inhabitants. 

A  bomb  fell  into  the  hall  of  the  revolutionary 
council  while  the  members  were  afTembled,  and  in 
burfting,  killed  the  fecretary,  who  was  reading  a 
paper  to  the  members. 

About  a  thoufand  perfons  of  both  fexes  took 
refuge,  together  with  their  moft  valuable  property, 
in  and  before  the  houfe  of  the  Englifh  Miniiter,  in 
hopes  of  being  fpared  when  the  Ruffians  entered  the 
city.  But  thole  of  the  fuburb  had  no  retreat, 
becaufe  the  General,  who  had  caufed  the  approaches 
to  the  bridge  to  be  defended  from  the  beginning  of 
the  afTault,  caufed  it  to  be  burnt  on  the  fide  towards 
the  Ruffians,  to  prevent  Warfaw  from  being  expofed 
either  to  mafTacre  or  pillage.  After  fome  time,  he 
caufed  the  cannonade  to  be  flackened.  At  length, 
the  fire  of  the  artillery  wholly  ceafed,  and  at  nine 
in  the  morning,  that  is,  after  four  hours  fighting,  the 
afTault  was  finally  terminated. 

There  are  few  examples  of  a  military  operation 
fo  boldly  conceived,  fo  fkilfully  performed,  or  fo 
important  in  its  confequences ;  lince,  by  extinguish- 
ing in  a  (ingle  day  the  fire  of  the  infurrettion,  it 
caufed  the  overthrow  of  a  throne,  the  cortftitutional 


CAMPAIGNS.  129 

exiftence  of  which  had  given  rife  to  fo  many 
ftorms,  and  thus  finally  reltored  the  public  tran- 
quillity. 

It  required  undoubtedly,  the  greater!  intrepidity 
to  ftrike  this  decifive  blow  j  for  the  Ruffians  were 
obliged  to  penetrate  by  pure  force  a  triple  intrench- 
ment,  which  was  defended  by  a  formidable  artillery 
and  a  garrifon  of  thirty  thou  fand  men,  before  the 
eyes  of  the  capital  of  the  kingdom,  which  founded 
all  its  hopes  on  this  bulwark,  which  was  defended 
by  its  braveft  warriors. 

Of  the  Poles,  thirteen  thoufand  men  lay  upon 
the  field  of  battle,  one  third  of  whom  were  the 
flower  of  the  youth  of  Warfaw  j  above  two  thou- 
fand were  drowned  in  the  Viftula,  and  the  number 
of  prifoners  was  little  infeiior  to  that  of  the  killed  ; 
for  it  amounted  to  fourteen  thoufand,  fix  hundred, 
and  eighty.  Of  thefe,  eight  thoufand  were  imme- 
diately fet  at  liberty,  and  the  others  enjoyed  the 
fame  favour  the  next  day. 

Among  the  prifoners  were  Generais  Mayen, 
Hefler,  and  Crupinfki,  five  colonels,  twenty-five 
fiaff  officers^  and  four  hundred  and  thirteen  fuperior 
officers.  Generals  Jafcinfki,  Korfeck,  Kwaschnef- 
fki,  and  Grabowfki  were  killed.  Only  eight  hun- 
dred men  faved  themfelves  by  flying  over  the  bridge 
to  Warfaw. 

Jafcinfki,  one  of  the  beft  officers  of  engineers, 
and  of  artillery,  in  the  Polifh  army,  and  leader  of 
the  revolution  at  Wilna,  had  come  on  a  vi  fit  to 
his  friends  at  Warfaw,  the  evening  before  the  aflaulf, 
and  had  told  them,  that  if  the  Ruffians  were  not 
repulfed,  they  would  never  fee  him  more,  as  be 

R 


SU  WQ RGW*» 


was  refoived  to  periöi.  He  was  killed,  fworu  ki 
hand,  by  the  bayonet,  in  the  firft  intrenchment. 

The  Ruffians  loft  five  hundred  and  eighty  men, 
eight  of  whom  were  fuperior  and  ftafF  officers;  and 
they  had  nine  hundred  wounded,  twenty-three  of 
whom  were  fuperior  and  ftafT  officers.  They  had. 
under  arms,  at  this  aftault,  twenty-two  thoufand 
men,  viz.  fifteen  thoufand  infantry  and  artillery* 
four  thoufand  horfe,  and  about  three  thoufand 
Coffacs. 

The  Poles,  who  had  been  deceived  by  the  batte- 
ries erected  by  the  Ruffians,  were  perfuaded  they 
would  undertake  a  regular  fiege.  This  error  con- 
foled  and  encouraged  them  the  more,  as  the  ap- 
proach of  winter  would  probably  fufpend  the  fiege, 
and  leave  them  in  repofe  till  the  next  year.  The 
night  before  the  aflault,  they  had  removed  thirty-fix 
pieces  of  cannon  from  Warfaw  to  Prague,  and  had 
only  kept  thirty  guns  on  the  other  bank  of  the 
Viftula.  This  fire  did  the  Ruffians  more  mifchief 
than  that  of  the  intrenchments. 

The  artillery  taken  from  the  enemy  confided  of 
one  hundred  and  four  pieces  of  cannon  and  mor- 
tars, chiefly  of  large  calibre. 

As  foon  as  all  was  over,  General  Suworow  gave 
the  command  of  Prague  to  General  Burhawden, 
who  occupied  it  with  fix  battalions,  ten  fquadrons, 
two  regiments  of  Coffacs,  and  all  the  field  artillery, 
raoft  part  of  which  were  pointed  againfl  the  bridge, 
and  the  reft  towards  the  river.  A  ftrong  guard  was 
let,  and  pickets  Rationed  in  the  fuburb  and  out  of 
it,  and  the  reft  of  the  troops  encamped  round 
Prague,  and  in  the  intrenchments,  forming  a  fenu- 


CAMPAIGNS. 


circle,  of  which  each  extremity  terminated  at  the 
river. 

Suworow  took  up  his  Ration  under  the  cavalier, 
without  the  intrenchment,  near  the  park.  Here  he 
affembled  feveral  of  the  Generals  and  fuperior  offi 
cers,  and  they  congratulated  each  other  on  the 
victory.  Suworow  ordered  fome  refreshment  to 
be  ferved,  to  which  he  invited  the  Polifh  Generals, 
his  prifoners.  The  officers  were  allowed  to  retain 
their  fabres  and  were  treated  amicably. 

After  this  repaft,  General  Suworow  took  a  few 
hours  reft,  on  fome  ftraw,  in  one  of  the  foldier's 
tents,  and  a  Kalmuk  tent,  called  Kibika,  was  pre- 
pared for  him  to  pafs  the  night. 

He  alfo  gave  orders  relative  to  the  fwibfidence  of 
the  prifoners,  and  the  care  of  the  wounded,  moll  of 
whom  were  fent  back  to  Warfaw  and  fet  at  liberty. 
In  the  afternoon,  the  troops  were  employed  in  car- 
rying otF  the  artillery  taken  from  the  enemy,  and 
removing  the  arms,  tents  and  other  military  imple- 
ments to  the  places  of  their  deftination. 

The  night  was  no  lefs  tranquil  than  the  morning 
had  been  tumultuous.  Only  a  few  guns  were  fired 
from  Warfaw  at  day  break,  but  the  Ruffian  artillery 
did  not  deign  to  anfwer  their  fire. 


CHAP.  XX. 

THE  day  after  the  taking  of  Prague,  fome  mem- 
bers of  the  Magiftracy  arrived  there  at  day 
break  with  a  letter  from  the  King,  and  a  note  from 
the  council  of  Warfaw,  to  treat  relative  to  a  capj.- 


i$2  SU  WO  ROW'S 

tulation  ;  they  were  conducted  into  the  tent  of 
the  General,  pro  tempore,  Iflinicf,  who  had  a 
conference  with  them,  and  read  the  difpatches, 
which  they  delivered  to  him. 

Thofe  of  the  Magiftracy  wTere  as  follows  : 
"  The  council  of  the  city  of  Warfaw,  appointed 
to  watch  over  the  happinefs  and  tranquillity  of  the 
inhabitants,  are  taking  every  meafure  in  their  power 
to  prevent  any  troubles  on  the  approach  of  the 
Ruffian  troops,  and,  as  they  have  fucceeded  in 
keeping  good  order  in  the  city,  they  have  refolved 
toäddrefshis  Excellency  Count  Suworow,  General 
in  chief  of  the  Ruffian  troops,  to  entreat  him  to 
fave  the  lives  and  property  of  the  inhabitants,  if 
the  troops  in  Warfaw  lay  down  their  arms.  With 
this  view  the  Magiftracy  have  deputed  MefTrs. 
Makarowitfch,  Barakowfki  and  Straltowfki  to  con- 
fer with  his  Excellency,  and  to  alle  him,  both  in  the 
name  of  the  Magiftracy  and  of  all  the  inhabitants,  a 
fufpenfion  of  arms,  until  the  articles  of  capitulation 
fhall  be  fetilcd." 

* ,  jrr    r      24th  0  Bob  er, 
At  Warfaw.    J,  AT  17Q4. 
J     5  4th  November, 

Iflinicf  immediately  informed1  Suworow  of 
the  arrival  of  thefe  deputies.  The  General  re- 
ceived the  news  with  the  greateft  fatisfaclion,  and 
immediately  dictated  the  following  articles  to  his 

iecretary  : 

I.  The  troops  of  Warfaw  fhall  lay  down  their 
arms  without  the  city,  at  the  fpot  to  be  affigned,  but 
they  (hall  be  treated  with  geritlenefs. 

II.  All  the  artillery  and  ammunition  fhall  be 
brought  to  the  lame  place. 


CAMPAIGNS,  I33 

III.  The  bridge  fhall  be  repaired  as  foon  as 
poffible,  that  the  Ruffian  troops  may  enter  the 
city  to  take  po  Hellion  of  it,  and  protect  the  inha- 
bitants. 

IV.  It  is  promifed  in  the  fupremc  name  of  her 
Imperial  Majefty,  that  the  military  fhall  have 
liberty  to  return  to  their  homes,  or  wherefoevef  they 
fhall  pleafe  to  go,  and  the  fafety  of  the  city  and 
of  their  property  is  guranteed  ;  but  every  thing  muft 
be  finifhed  before  the  entry  of  the  Imperial 
army. 

V.  His  Majefty  the  king  fhall  retain  the  fame 
dignity  as  before. 

VI.  It  is  again  declared,  in  the  moft  folemn  man- 
ner, to  all  the  inhabitants,  that  they  have  no  caufe 
of  alarrn  for  their  property  or  perfons,  and  that  they 
may  rely  on  oblivion  for  the  paft. 

VII.  The  troops  of  her  Imperial  majefty  fhall 

enter  the  city  this  afternoon  or  to-morrow,  as  foon 

as  the  bridge  fhall  be  repaired. 

Al  tl         .    r  n  22 d  October, 

At  the  camp  of  Prague,  ^  NoveJer^  1  794- 

(Signed)  Count  Suworo w  Rymnikski. 

Suworow  immediately  fent  back  General  Ifiinief 
to  the  plenipotentiaries  of  the  Magiftracy,  to  com- 
municate thefe  articles  to  them,  on  hearing  which 
they  were  tranfported  with  joy,  and  their  eyes  were 
full  of  tears  while  they  read,  as  they  had  not  Mattered 
themfelves  with  fo  much  indulgence. 

After  difcharging  this  commiftion,  General  Ifii- 
nief conducted  the  deputies  to  Suworow  who  was 
feated  before  his  tent ;  but  perceiving  them  much 
cmbarraHed  on  approaching  him,  he  fprang  from 


*34 


su  wo  row's 


his  feat,  threw  his  fabre  at  his  feet,  and  crying  out 
in  the  Polifh  language  Pakoi  (peace,)  ran  up  to 
them,  embraced  them,  brought  them  into  his  tent, 
and  leated  them  on  the  ground  by  his  fide.  They 
burft  into  tears,  expreflftng  by  this  mute  eloquence, 
which  was  far  more  expreffive  than  words,  all  the 
fentiments  of  joy,  gratitude  and  admiration,  with 
which  they  were  affecled.  Suworow  entertained 
them  with  kindnefs,  ordered  them  fome  rcrrefh- 
ments,  and  requefted  them  to  inform  him,  within 
four-and-twenty  hours,  of  the  determination  of 
the  Magiflxacy,  relative  to  the  articles  delivered 
them. 

During  the  interval  of  this  anfwer  from  Warfaw, 
the  day  was  employed  in  clearing  the  ftreets  and 
fquares  of  Prague,  and  in  interring  the  dead.  In 
the  evening  Suworow  retired  to  his  quarters  at 
Belalinka,  where  he  paffed  the  night. 

The  next  day  at  ten  in  the  morning  the  fame 
deputies  returned  from  Warfaw  to  the  head  quar- 
ters with  the  following  anfwer  to  the  propofitions. 

I.  The  citv  of  Warfaw  will  peaceably  lay  down 
their  arms  at  filch  place  as  fhall  be  judged  proper. 

II.  The  city  of  Warfaw  has  no  artillery  or 
ammunition. 

III.  The  city  of  Warfaw  will  order  the  bridge 
to  be  repaired  as  foon  as  poffible,  that  her  Impe- 
rial Maje  fly's  troops  may  take  poffeffion  of  the 
city,  and  take  the  inhabitants  under  their  pro- 
tection. 

IV.  The  city  of  Warfaw  have  the  honour  of  in- 
forming his  Excellency  the  Count  de  Suworow, 
that  they  have  no  troops  under  their  orders,  and 
therefore  cannot    fully  comply   with  the  fourth 


CAMPAIGNS.  335 

article,  but  they  will  make  all  the  efforts  in  their 
power  to  induce  the  military  commanders  to  con- 
form to  it. 

V.  The  city  of  Warfaw,  which  has  always 
treated  its  kings  with  refpecf,  will  with  pleafure 
fulfil  the  duty  of  which  they  are  reminded  by  this 
article. 

VI.  The  city  of  Warfaw  confiders,  as  the 
bafis  of  all  the  other  articles,  this  promife  of  fafety 
to  the  inhabitants  for  their  perfons  and  property, 
and  the  engagement  of  the  Ruffians  to  forget  the 
paft. 

VI.  It  is  wholly  impohTble  to  comply  with  his 
Excellency's  orders  in  To  fhort  a  fpace  of  time,  that 
the  Ruffian  troops  may  enter  the  city  to-morrow. 
The  repairs  of  the  bridge  require  fome  days,  and  the 
troops  of  the  republic  are  unable  to  march  at 
prefent,  fince  it  will  require  about  a  week  to  evacu- 
ate the  place. 

a  l  j.  l  TT*       7     r    ±1    z^th  OBober* 
At  the  I  own-houfe.  the    ~,  ,r       7  17Q4- 

J  '       ßth  November, 

The  deputies  had  alfo  fome  verbal  commiffions 
relative  to  the  exchange  of  prifoners,  and  the 
currency  of  the  paper  in  circulation,  of  which 
the  Magiftracy  were  defirous  of  keeping  up  the 
credit. 

Thefe  articles  of  reply  appeared  fome  what  fufpi- 
cious,  and  it  feemed  as  if  their  objecl  was  to  gain 
time.  Hence  Suworow  required  the  deputies  to  re- 
turn immediately  to  Warfaw,  to  obtain  a  more  pre- 
cife  determination.  He  alfo  delivered  them  fome 
additional  articles,  withaletter  to  the  following  effett. 

"  I  obferve  with  pleafure  that  both  parties  are 


SÜWOROw'i 

agreed  as  to  the  moft  effential  articles.  I  demand 
that  order  be  given  to  the  royal  corps  in  the  city,  to 
conduct  them  (elves  amicably  towards  thofe  of  my 
lbvereign  which  are  to  enterit,  and  to  maintain  good 
order  and  tranquillity.  On  thefe  conditions  I  will 
be  anfwerable  to  the  inhabitants  for  the  fafety  of  their 
lives  and  property,  and  for  oblivion  for  the  pad." 

At  the  Camp  of  Prague,  the  f/J1^^  1794. 
c  J       0    '       6th  November, 

Count  Suworow  Rymni*k.ski. 


Supplement  to  the  Articles  of  Capitulation. 

I.  The  Magiftracy  fhall  caufe  the  inhabitants  to  be 
difarmed,  and  their  arms  carried  over  in  boats  to 
Prague;  they  mall  alfo  caufe  the  arms  that  are  found 
in  the  (hops  to  be  delivered  up  to  them. 

II.  The  city  of  Warfaw  fhall  deliver  up  the  arfe- 
nal,  powder  and  ammunition  in  the  corps  of  her  Im- 
perial Majefty,  who  {hall  have  orders  to  receive  them. 

III.  The  city  of  Warfaw,  in  confequence  of  the 
promife  that  has  been  given  them,  fhall  require  the 
Polifh  troops  to  lay  down  their  arms,  and  if  they 
mould  not  confent  they  fhall  order  them  to  evacuate 
the  city. 

IV.  Time  is  given  till  the  28th  Ocl.-8th  Nov.  for 
the  repair  of  the  bridge,  and  for  the  prolongation  of 
the  armiftice.  As  to  the  repair  of  the  bridge,  the 
troops  of  her  Imperial  Majefty  fhall  be  ordered  to 
affift,  in  order  to  accelerate  the  work. 

V.  All  the  Ruffian  prifoners  detained  at  Warfaw 
fhall  be  fet  at  liberty  to-morrow,  271h  Qcl.^th  Nov. 

VI.  The  inhabitants  Ihall  requeft  his  Majefty  to 
order  the  regular  troops  to  lay  down  their  arms,  ex- 
cept four  hundred  men  for  his  horfe -guards,  and  600 


CAMPAIGNS.  137 

for  his  foot-guards,  who  fhall  remain  around  his  per- 
fon,  and  do  duty  at  the  cattle. 

VII.  The  council  of  the  city  (hall  be  upon  the 
bridge  with  all  its  members, and  mall  prefent  the  keys 
of  the  city  to  the  commander  in  chief,  at  the  entry  of 
her  Imperial  Majetty's  troops.  All  the  houfes  of 
the  city  (hall  be  fhuf. 

VIII.  The  Magiftracy  fhall  deliver  up  the  ar- 
chives, and  all  their  correfpondence  to  the  Ruffian 
minitter. 

Count  Suworow  Rymnikski. 

General  Burhawden,  who  commanded  at  Prague, 
now  received  orders,  immediately  to  repair  the 
bridge  of  the  cattle,  which  had  been  burned  at  the 
end  towards  that  fubuib. 

General  Ferfen  was  ordered  to  caufe  the  divinon 
of  Major-General  Denifow  to  pais  the  river  at  the 
little  town  of  Korezew,  four  miles  from  Prague,  and 
to  go  thither  himfelf  with  the  reft  of  his  corps. 

The  object;  of  this  order  was  to  attack  the  troops 
who  mould  fly  from  War  fa  w  with  their  arms,  and  at 
the  fame  time,  in  cafe  of  any  treachery  or  infurrec- 
tion  in  that  capital,  to  fly  thither  immediately,  and  to 
attack  it  on  the  other  fide  towards  the  country. 

Barons  d'Afch  and  de  Buhler,  who  were  members 
of  the  corps  diplomatic,  and  prifoners  at  W arfaw,  to- 
gether with  many  others,  were  fet  at  liberty  on  their 
parole,  and  came  the  fame  day  to  Suworow's  camp, 
to  offer  him  their  warraeft  acknowledgements,  both 
for  themfelves,  and  in  the  name  of  the  prifoners. 
They  returned  after  dinner,  where  their  pre  fence  had 
a  good  effect,  and  contributed  much  to  infpire  the  in- 
habitants with  confidence. 

S 


138  SUWOROW 's 

In  the  night  between  the  26th  and^yth  of  OBober, 
there  was  a  great  tumult  at  Warfaw.  The  troops 
under  the  orders  of  Wavrofchewfki  at:empted  to 
carry  away  the  King,  and  all  the  Rufiian  pntoners. 

The  ill-difpoied  among  the  inhabitants  joined  the 
military,  and,  fprcading  through  various  parts  of  the 
city,  committed  many  exceffes  and  robberies.  To 
pjeyent  the  execution  of  this  plot,  of  which  they 
Jorelaw  the  confequences,  the  Magiftracy  ordered 
the  people  to  pppofe  it,  and  to  repel  force  by  force. 
In  confequence  of  this,  feveral  thou  fand  of  the  in- 
habitants, who  were  obedient  to  the  Magiltracy,  went 
to  the  caftle  and  neighbouring  ttreets,  to  obitrucl  the 
paflage,  and  unanimously  declared  to-the  infurgents, 
that  they  would  not  fuffer  the  King  to  be  carriedoff, 
as  his  preience  was  deciflveto  the  fate  of  the  city; 
and  that  they  would  rather  facrifice  their  lives,  than 
permit  an  ac\  of  violence,  fo  fatal  to  the  public  good. 

In  the  afternoon,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Hofman 
came  to  the  General's  quarters  with  fome  verbal 
committions,  and  a  letter  from  the  King,  requeuing 
Suworow  to  poftpone  his  entry  into  Warfaw  for 
a  week,  that  delay  being  abfolutely  necelfary  for  the 
evacuation  of  the  place.  (This  letter  is  inferted  in 
the  Supplement,  B.) 

Hofman  was  fent  back  to  the  King,  accompanied 
by  Major  Hoffen,  to  communicate  to  His  Majelty, 
the  decifion  of  General  Suworow,  who,  in  lieu  oi 
confentingto  the  delay  demanded,  begged  the  King 
to  coniider  the  tumult  that  had  taken,  place  the  pre- 
ceding night,  and  of  which  he  was  informed,  as  an 
additional  motive  to  accelerate  his  entry  into  the  ci- 
ty as  much  as  pofhble;  and  declared  that  it  mould 
take  place  in  two  days,  as  well  to  guard  the  perform! 


CAMPAIGNS. 


139 


fafety  of  the  King,  as  to  reftore  the  public  tranquil- 
lity. 

The  King  of  Poland  liftened  with  great  attention 
to  the  report  ofthefe  two  officers,  and  acknowledged 
thejuftice  of  General  Suworow's  obfervations.  In 
the  meanwhile,  Wavrofchewfki.  bein^  traverfed  in 
the  execution  ofhis  defigns  by  the  rehftance  of  the 
people,  in  concert  with  the  fupreme  council,  placed 
the  authority  into  the  hands  of  the  King,  declaring 
he  no  longer  faw  any  means  of  providing  for  the  fafe- 
ty of  the  republic.  The  firft  ufe  the  Monarch  made 
ofhis  power,  was  to  leave  to  Suworow  the  choice  of 
the  day  when  he  would  make  his  entry  into  the  city, 
promiling  to  caufe  the  bridge  to  be  re-eftabiifhed 
as  fpeedily  as  poflible.  Hofman  carried  this  arrfwer 
to  the  camp  at  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 

In  the  meanwhile,  Ignatius  Potocki  came  to  the 
camp  before  dinner,  to  renew  the  King's  requelt, 
dill  to  poftpone  the  entry  a  week.  He  difmounted 
at  Lieutenant-General  Potemkin's,  together  with 
whom  he  was  invited  to  dine  with  General  Su- 
worow. 

While  they  were  at  table,  Maftowfki  alfo  came 
from  Warfaw.  When  he  was  announced,  the  Ge- 
neral arofe  to  go  and  meet  him  in  the  antichainber, 
taking  with  him,  Potocki,  and  the  General,  pro 
tempore,  Iilinief,  and  Ihewed  them  into  his  Itudy. 
Maftowfki  delivered  to  Potocki  a  letter,  under  feal, 
from  the  King,  the  contents  of  which  were  commu- 
nicated to  Suworow  ;  namely,  an  unlimited  power 
to  treat  on  the  conditions  of  peace. 

The  General  was  much  concerned  to  obferve  fo 
many  delays  and  contradictions,  and  anfwered,  in 
few  words,  46  We  are  not  at  war  with  Poland.  Her 


su  wo  row's 


"  Imperial  Majefty  did  not  fend  me  hither  as  a  mi, 
"  nilter,  but  as  General  in  Chief,  to  annihilate  the 
"  army  of  the  infurgents.  I  mall  not  enter  into 
"  explanations  on  any  fubjecl;  foreign  to  my  duty." 

Maftowfki  immediately  returned  to  Warfaw; 
but  Potocki  came  back  to  table,  and  fet  off  after 
dinner. 

Suworow  had  been  advifed  to  keep  Count  Po- 
tocki, who  was  one  of  the  principal  leaders  of  the 
revolution,  as  an  hoftage  for  the  Rufi.an  prifoners ; 
but  he  rejected  the  idea,  faying,  "  why  mould  we 

detain  an  hoftage?  All  the  prifoners  will  be  fet 
"  at  liberty  without  it :  behdes,  it  would  be  a  crime 
<:  to  betray  the  confidence  of  an  enemy,  who  is 
u  come  to  negociate  on  the  faith  of  an  armiftice." 

When  the  fuburb  of  Prague  was  quite  cleared, 
Suworow  removed  his  head-quarters  thither  from 
Belalinka,  that  he  might  be  nearer  to  the  Viftula, 
and  the  centre  of  his  operations. 

The  detachment  commanded  by  Denifow,  had 
already  pafTed  the  river;  the  cavalry  fwimming,  and 
the  infantry  one  half  on  the  horfes'  croups,  and  the 
other  in  the  boats,  which  alfo  carried  over  the  ar- 
tillery. The  infurgents  who  were  on  the  oppolite 
banks,  endeavoured  to  oppofe  this  manoeuvre,  but 
were  re  pulled,  and  nothing  (topped  the  progrefs  of 
the  Ruffians. 

The  next  morning,  at  day  break  (28  Oclober), 
the  fame  deputies  returned  from  Warfaw  with  two 
letters,  one  from  the  King,  and  one  from  the  Ma- 
giftracy,  requefting  that  the  Ruffians  wou;d  make 
their  entry  as  foon  as  pofTible.  They  declared  that 
their  prcfencc  was  indifpenfably  neceffary,  on  ac- 
count of  the  inteiline  troubles,  and  the  danger  that 


CAMPAIGNS. 


141 


threatened  the  perfon  of  the  King;  that  the  infur- 
gents  had  gone  out  of  the  city,  under  arms,  and  had 
flopped  in  the  neighbourhood,  where  they  excited 
great  uneafinefs. 

The  letter  from  the  King  is  inferted  in  the  Sup- 
plement, letter  C.  That  of  the  Magiflracy  was  in 
the  following  terms: 

"  The  Magiflracy  of  the  city  of  Warfaw,  after 
having  fully  executed  the  articles  of  capitulation, 
fent  to  the  inhabitants  of  Warfaw  by  his  Excel- 
lency Count  de  Suworow,  General  in  chief  of  the 
Ruffian  troops,  have  the  honour  of  repre  fen  ting  to 
him : 

I.  That  the  inhabitants  of  this  city  have  al- 
ready depolited,  in  their  refpe&ive  diftriös,  muf- 
kets,  piftols,  fabres,  Icythes,  pikes,  and  generally 
all  their  arms.  The  Magiflracy  will  fpeedily  caufe 
the  faid  arms  to  be  put  on  board  of  boats  to  be  car- 
ried over  to  the  Prague  fide.  They  requeft  his  Ex- 
cellency to  order  them  to  be  landed  on  their  arrival. 
As  to  the  arms  of  great  value,  and  thofe  found  in 
the  fhops,  they  have  been  depolited  at  the  town- 
houfe  to  be  preferved  for  their  proprietors. 

II.  They  have  with  the  fame  care  withdrawn 
the  gunpowder,  and  all  the  ammunition  found  in 
pofleffion  of  the  inhabitants,  and  they  fhall  equally 
be  delivered  up  to  his  Excellency  the  Count  wher- 
ever he  fhall  pleafe  to  order.  The  fame  fhall  be 
done,  as  foon  as  poffible,  with  regard  to  the  ammu- 
nition of  the  troops  of  the  republic,  that  have  quit- 
ted the  city. 

III.  His  Majefly  the  King  has  condefcended  to 
facilitate  the  execution  of  this  article  as  far  as  re- 
gards the  troops  within  the  city. 


142  su  wo  row's 

IV.  The  Magiftracy  allure  his  Excellency  the' 
Count  cie  Suworow,  that  the  bridge  IJiail  moft  cer- 
tainly be  repaired  on  the  fide  towards  the  city,  with- 
in the  time  nreferibed. 

V.  His  Majefty  the  King  will  voluntarily  confent 
to  the  liberation  of  the  prisoners,  as  alfo  to  the  exe- 
cution of  article  three  above  cited. 

VI.  The  Magiftracy  will  immediately  requeft  the 
King  to  give  orders  for  the  delivery  of  arms,  and 
for  the  evacuation  of  the  city  by  the  troops,  except 
the  three  thou  fand  foldiers  of  the  pol  the  one 
thoufand  men  of  foot  and  horfe-guards,  whom  the 
King  has  a  right  to  retain  around  his  perlen,  to 
keep  good  order  in  the  city,  and  to  do  duty  at  the 
caftle. 

*  VII.  When  the  troops  of  her  Imperial 

{hall  make  their  entry  into  the  city,  the  Magiftracy 

will  perform  then  duty  in  a  proper  manner. 

War  aw*  the    [,  AT       7  9  17Q4. 
J     9       jth  November,    ' ?% 

Av fiver  of  the  Commander  in  Chief, 

The  capitulation  accepted  and  figned. 

Co unt  Ale x  ander  Suworow  R y m  n  i  K s k i . 

rj,7         ,    ■  n  2%th  October, 

The  camp  at  Prague,  m  ^  .  794. 

Suworow  demanded  of  the  deputies  if  the  Ruffian 
prifoners  were  reftored  to  liberty,  conformably  to 
the  lad  articles.  They  anfwered,  that  every  difpo- 
fition  for  that  purpofe  was  taken;  and  requelted 
the  General  to  appoint  a  perfon  to  receive  them. 

Prince  Labanow  Raftowfki  was  fent  to  Warfaw 
with  that  commiffion,  and  the  prifoners  were  rettor- 


CAMPAIGNS.  143 

cd  to  him  on  his  arrival.  He  at  the  fame  time,  in- 
fo'med  the  King  that  the  Ruffians  would  enter  on 
the  following  morning. 


CHAP.  XXI. 

THE  conferences  being  terminated,  in  conformi- 
ty to  the  capitulation,  Count  Suworow  made 
his  entry  into  the  capital,  attended  by  his  generals 
and  the  brave  troops  whom  he  had  fo  often  led  to 
glory.    It  bore  the  appearance  of  a  triumph. 

At  feven  in  the  morning,  the  troops  defiled  by 
the  bridge  in  the  city,  arums  beating  and  colours 
flying.  The  corps  of  Lieutenant  General  Potem- 
kin  led  theTfearch,  and  that  of  General  Derfclden 
immediately  followed  him. 

At  nine,  Suworow  palfed  the  bridge  on  horfe- 
back,  furrounded  by  his  adjutants  and  officers. 
He  wore  the  uniform  of  an  officer  of  cavalry,  with- 
out the  leait  decoration,  and  was  followed  by  the 
regiment  of  Cherfon,  with  a  numerous  band  of 
military  muhc. 

He  was  received  on  the  other  frde  of  the  bridge, 
by  the  magiftrates  of  the  city,  in  a  Dody,  and  in  thur 
ceremonial  habits  ( which  are  black).  The  Prefident 
prefetiled  to  him,  on  a  velvet  cümiön,  the  keys  of  the 
city  (which  are  red),  with  the  ui'ual  accompaniments 
of  fait' and  bread;  and  delivered  abrief  harangue. 

The  General  took  the  keys,  prefled  them  to  l  is 
lips,  and  then,  hoi  ling  them  up  towards  Heaven,  he 
faul :  "  Almighty  God,  i  render  thee  thanks,  t'.at  I 
"  have  not  been  compelled  to  purchale  the  keys  of 


144 


su  wo  row's 


6;  this  place  as  clear  as .  . .  ."  turning  his  face  toward* 
Prague,  his  voice  failed  him,  and  his  cheeks  were 
inftantly  bathed  with  tears. — He  then  cordially  em- 
braced the  magiftrates.and  was  immediately  furround- 
ed  by  a  crowd  of  people.  Some  threw  themfelvesat 
his  feet;  others  extended  their  arms  towards  him,  and 
he  gave  his  hands  to  his  humble  admirers.  He 
embraced  fuch  as  were  neareft  to  him,  and  anfwered 
with  a  iilent  fenfibiiity  to  thefe  ardent  difplays  of  ef- 
tecm  and  refpeft,  which  are  more  affecling  than  the 
louden1  eulogiums;  and  which,  in  one  moment,  af- 
ford a  rccompence  for  years  of  fatigue  and  danger. 
He  gave  the  cufnion  and  the  keys  to  Generali  II  inief, 
who  preceded  him  on  horfeback,  and  the  proccf- 
fion  continued. 

Although  the  magi  Urates  had  given  fpecial  orders 
that  the  houfes  mould  be  fhut,  and  that  no  one 
fhould  be  feen  in  the  ftreets,  they  were,  nevertheleft, 
filled  with  people.  But,  as  thofe  who  might  pof- 
fefs  the  wifh  to  excite  difturbance,  perceived  the 
impossibility  of  fuccefs,  the  whole  palled  on  with 
the  greateit  order  and  tranquillity.  Ail  the  win- 
dows were  filled  with  fpeclators,  who  were  delight- 
ed at  the  return  of  order  and  of  the  alfurance  of 
peace ;  and  the  air  refounded  with  the  exulting  ex- 
clamations of,  "  Long  live  Catherine !  "  Long 
live  Suworow !" 

When  the  General  came  to  the  cathedral,  he  or- 
dered all  his  kiite  to  halt,  and  repeated  a  prayer. 
At  the  extremity  of  the  city  he  alighted  at  a  public 
hotel,  where  he  dined.  He  afterwards  took  a  houfe 
in  that  part  of  the  town  which  was  neareft  the  camp, 
where  he  fixed  his  head-quarters. 

He  hadalfo  ordered  Lieutenant-General  Potem- 


CAMPAIGNS«  I45 

kin,  on  his  entrance  into  the  city,  to  go  and  pay  his 
refpecls  to  the  King,  at  the  cattle,  and  to  attend  to 
the  fafery  of  his  perfon. 

Major-General  Burhawden  was  appointed  Go- 
vernor of  W arfaw. 

A  new  and  very  effecting  trial  was  now  made  of 
Suworow's  fenfibility,  when  the  magistrates  prefent- 
edto  him  the  Ruffian  prifoners,  to  the  number  of  thir- 
teen hundred  and  feventy-fix,  whom  he  had  reltor- 
ed  to  liberty,  and  whofe  lives  he  had  preferved:  for 
it  had  a£tually  been  propofed  in  the  revolutionary 
committee,  prior  to  the  taking  of  Prague,  by  a 
wretch  named  KoJontay,  the  Robefpierre  of  Po- 
land, to  malfacre  all  the  prifoners,  and  even  the 
Poles  who  were  fufpecled  of  being  attached  to  the 
court  of  Ruffia.  The  arrival  of  the  Ruffians,  how- 
ever, prevented  the  execution  of  this  horrible  de- 
lign;  though  the  infernal  projector  contrived  to 
efcape,  with  an  hundred  and  fifty  thou  fand  ducats 
which  he  ftole  from  the  mint  and  public  treafury* 

When  Lieutenant-General  Potemkin  paid  his  vi- 
fit  to  the  King,  he  was  commiflioned  to  demand  an 
audience  for  Count  Suworow,  which  was  appointed 
on  the  following  day. 

Accordingly,  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning,  he 
fet  out  with  great  ceremony,  and  accompanied  by 
his  guard,  to  go  to  the  caftle.  Contrary  to  his  ufual 
cuftom,  he  wore  his  grand  uniform,  and  was  deco- 
rated with  all  his  Orders.  Two  fquadrons  of  huf- 
(ars  preceded  him,  and  his  carriage  was  furrounded 
by  officers  of  ail  ranks.  Lieutenant-General  Po- 
temkin, with  the  Barons  Afeh  and  Ruhler,  of  di- 
plomatic character,  accompanied  him.  A  fquadron 
of  horfe  chaffcurs  clofed  the  proccifun. 

T 


146  SD\VOR0\v's 

On  his  arrival  in  the  court  of  the  caflle,  he  was 
received  with  great  ceremony  ;  the  King  embraced 
him  arid  conducted  him  to  his  cabinet,  where  they 
remained  together  upwards  of  an  hour. 

This  conference,  however,  produced  an  arrange- 
ment that  the  written  negotiation's  had  not  fettled. 
It  was  agreed,  on  the  representations  of  General  Su- 
worow,  that  the  Pölifti  troops,  whom  he  always 
mentioned  under  the  denomination  of  revokers, 
fhould  lay  down  their  arms  without  exception,  and 
deliver  up  their  artillery  to  the  Ru  frans. 

Iii  the  courfe  of  this  vifit,  the  King  requeued  Su- 
worow  to  reftore  an  officer  to  liberty,  who  had  been 
his  page,  when  the  General  replied,  that  he  might 
command  the  liberty  of  five  hundred,  if  it  was  his 
Mäjefty's  pleafure. 

The  King,  accordingly,  difpatched  his  Adjutant- 
General  Gordon,  with  Suworow's  order  for  the  ref- 
utation of  the  prifoners;  and  as  they  were  not  par- 
ticularly named,  he  took  all  the  fuperior  officers,  to 
the  number  of  three  hundred  and  feventeen  ;  and 
among  them  General  Mayen,  who  has  been  men- 
tioned in  a  former  page.  Gordon,  however,  to 
complete  his  number,  brought  along  with  him  le- 
v  :ral  infer. or  officers  and  foldiers.  The  General 
returned  in  the  fame  form  to  his  hotel. 

Lieutenant- General  Potemk in  w7as  charged  with 
the  commiilion  of  bearing  to  the  Emprefs,  at  Petei  f- 
burg.  the  official  relation  of  all  thefe  important 
tranfaftions. 


CAMPAIGNS. 


C  H  A  P.  XXII. 

T  71  7  ARS  AW  was  at  length  in  a  (late  of  fubmiflTion 
V  V  and  tranquillity,  and  entirely  in  the  power  of 
the  conqueror. 

Befides  the  troops  which  had  been  left  at  Prague ; 
the  corps  of  Lieutenant-General  Potemkin  occu- 
pied the  interior  of  Warfaw,  and  extended  as  far  as 
Willanow  :  that  of  General  Derfelden  repaired  to 
Marimont.  That  of  General  Fcrfen  was  proceed- 
ing  to  complete  the  operations,  and  had  fet  out  to 
overtake  the  Polilh  troops  which  had  retired  from 
Warfaw,  to  compel  them  to  furrender  their  arms. 

They  were  fuppoled  to  amount  to  thirty  thoufand 
men,  with  a  very  formidable  artillery,  and  were 
commanded  by  General  Wavrochewfki,  the  intimate 
friend  of  Kofciuzko.  His  intention  was  to  pene- 
trate with  this  corps  into  Gallicia. 

The  firft  diviiion  commanded  by  Hedroitfch, 
which  quitted  Warfaw  prior  to  the  arrival  of  the 
Ruffians  before  Prague,  con  lifted  of  two  thoufand 
infantry,  four  thoufand  men  armed  with  pikes,  and 
fifteen  hundred  horfe.  They  had  with  them  twenty- 
rive  pieces  of  cannon. 

1  he  corps  of  Dom  brow fki  and  of  Madalinfki, 
the  fame  which  had  excited  the  troubles  in  South- 
ern Pruffia,  amounted  to  eighteen  thoufand  men, 
with  twenty  pieces  of  artillery. 

A  party  commanded  by  Prince  Jofeph  Ponia- 
towlki,  was  pofted  at  Sachorzyn,  to  the  number  of 
two  thoufand  five  hundred,  with  feventeen  cannon  ; 
and  a  detachment  commanded  by  Ofcharowfki 


M8 


sü  wo  row's 


was  compofed  of  fifteen  hundred  men,  with  ten 
cannon. 

On  the  30th  of  October,  Prince  Jofeph  Ponia- 
towfki  fent  an  officer  to  the  King,  to  inform  him 
that  the  troops  were  defirous  of  furrendering  their 
arms  to  General  Suworow,  and  that  they  implored 
his  clemency.  The  General  accordingly  ordered 
his  former  declaration  to  be  repeated,  that  he  mould 
grant  protection  and  fecurity  to  all  who  mould 
fubmit.  He  alio  promifed  that  the  commander, 
officers,  and  nobles,  mould  have  permiffion  to 
retain  their  arms. 

The  king  returned  this  anfwer  to  his  nephew ; 
but  before  he  could  receive  it,  he  had  been  attacked 
by  the  Pruflian  forces,  which  were  encamped  near 
him,  who  had  difperfed  his  troops,  and  taken  fome 
hundred  prifoners,  with  all  his  artillery. 

The  detachment  of  Ofchorowfki,  without  waiting 
for  any  anfwer,  or  promife  of  pardon,  laid  down 
their  arms  and  difperfed.  The  Coffacs  brought 
their  artillery  to  Warfaw. 

On  the  following  day,  Major-General  Horfchow- 
fki  was  difpatched  to  Warfaw,  by  General  Hedro- 
iifch,  with  a  difpatch  addreffed  to  the  King,  contain- 
ing proportions  fimilar  to  thofe  of  Prince  Jofeph  ; 
this  officer  returned  immediately  with  the  fame 
anfwer,  but  before  his  arrival,  Hedroitfch  had 
formed  a  junction  with  the  corps  of  Madalinfki  at 
Dombrowfki,  which  had  been  already  joined  by 
the  Commander  in  Chief  Wavrochewfki.  But  as 
the  Ruffian  troops  had  effectually  prevented  them 
from  fulfilling  their  rirft  project  of  retreating  into 
Gallicia,  they  fuddenly  changed  their  plan,  and 
turned  towards  Novemiafto,  on  the  road  to  Crakow, 


CAMPAIGNS,  J  49 

with  the  defign  of  invading  the  diflritl  lately  con- 
quered by  the  King  of  Pruffia.  But  the  Ruffian 
troops  purlued  them  with  that  vigour  and  rapidity, 
that  at  length,  after  vanous  attempts  and  exertions, 
to  efcape  the  enemy,  a  confiderable  part  of  the 
Poliih  army  furrendered,  and  the  reft,  with  all 
their  arms,  horfes  and  artillery,  followed  their 
example. 

Thus  the  Polifh  army,  being  difperfed,  di farmed, 
or  reduced  to  fubmiffion,  there  only  remained  the 
royal  guard,  and  three  hundred  foldiers  for  the 
ferviee  of  the  police.  The  artillery  and  ftores  were 
fent  to  Kiowie,  and  the  Ruffian  troops  entered  into 
winter  quarters. 


CHAP.  XXIII. 

SUCH  was  the  clofe  of  this  glorious  campaign, 
which  is  far  fuperior  to  any  thing  that  is  to  be 
found  in  the  military  annals  of  modern  times :  as 
well  for  the  unexampled  rapidity  of  its  opera- 
tions, as  the  important  consequences  that  refulted 
from  it. 

The  career  of  General  Suworow,  the  wifdom 
of  his  meafures,  the  diftributions  of  his  forces,  'the 
undaunted  £hara£tcr  of  his  operations,  and  the  pro- 
greflive  continuance  of  his  fuccefles,  are  dazzling 
proofs  of  the  fuperiority  of  his  talents.  But  'though 
it  may  be  faid,  with  truth,  that  thefe  great  qualities 
were  manifefted  in  all  his  enterprifes,  in  this  lall 
campaign  he  feems  to  have  furpafied  himfelf.  We 
have  only  to  coiled  the  events  of  it  to  prove  that  a 


150 


su  wo  row's 


fmall  army  may  work  wonders,  when  a  General,  by 
the  vigour  of  his  retaliation  and  the  fkill  of  apply  - 
ing the  means  he  poffefies,  can  give  liability  to 
fortune. 

We  have  feen  Suworow  difarm  without  effuhon 
of  blood,  thirty  thoufand  rebels,  fcattered  over 
an  extenüve  country  ;  accompany  his  foldiers  in 
long  and  difficult  marches,  which  would  have  dif- 
heartened  the  troops  of  Hannibal,  and  gain  three 
battles  againft  enemies,  of  martial  intrepidity  and 
fuperior  numbers. — We  have  feen  him  tempo- 
rife  during  four  weeks,  at  Brzefcia,  till  his  detach- 
ment had  formed  a  junction  with  him;  and,  after 
the  decifive  victory  of  Matfcheviz,  to  fly,  as  it 
were,  to  that  of  Kobylka. — We  have  feen  him  rc- 
pofing  there  only  for  the  three  days  which  were 
necellary  to  make  preparations  for  an  afTault  without 
example  ;  he  then  carried  by  efcalade  in  one 
morning,  the  intrenchments  of  Prague,  defended, 
by  thirty  thoufand  men;  and  entered  into  Warfaw 
with  the  olive  branch  of  peace. 

Nor  is  this  all. — Thefe  wonderful  atchievements 
were  e  fretted  in  the  fhort  fpace  of  two  months,  be- 
tween the  iixth  of  September  and  the  feventli  of 
November,  1794  ;  the  day  when  Wavrofchewfki 
said  down  his  arms. 

But  this  brilliant  expedition  is  not  more  remark- 
able for  its  aftonifhing  rapidity,  than  it  is  memo- 
rable for  the  extraordinary  events  which  fucceeded. 

In  a  fhort  time  after,  the  fate  of  Poland  was 
irrevocably  decided  by  the  late  partition  of  a  king- 
dom, whofe  name  is  no  longer  to  be  found  among 
the  nations  of  Europe  ;  and  which,  in  a  former 
age,  dictated  laws  to  Ruffla. 


C  A  M  f>  A I  G  N  S.  15t 

If  the  operations  of  this  campaign  had  been 
urged  with  lels  activity,  it  is  probable  that  the 
infurgents  would  have  reaffembled  with  ad(iecl 
ffrength.  The  Poles  might  alfo  have  received 
foreign  aid  in  the  Spring  of  1795,  and  prolonged  a 
war,  whofe  events  might  have  had  an  incalculable 
influence  on  the  general  airairs  of  Europe. 

The  unexampled  promptitude  of  this  expedition 
was  appreciated,  as  it  deferved,  at  Peteilbu.g. 
The  Emprefs  wrote  herfelf  to  Siiworow,  to  an- 
nounce to  him  his  well  earned  advancement  to  the 
ranK  of  Field-Marfhal.  But  he,  ever  faithful  to  his 
religious  principles,  did  not  receive  his  new  dignity, 
till  he  had  demanded  the  benediction  of  the  church. 

On  the  eve  of  this  ceremony,  an  extraordinary 
meßenger  arrived  from  Berlin,  w  ho  brought  him,  as 
a  teliimony  of  the  particular  efteem  of  his  Pruflian 
Majelty,  the  Order  of  the  Red  and  Black  Eagle. 

In  a  fhort  time  after,  the  Emperor  fent  him  his 
portrait  enriched  with  diamonds,  which  were  eitima- 
ted  at  fifty  thou  fand  crowns  ;  and  the  jewels  that 
adorned  his  Batoon  of  Field-Marfhal,  were  consi- 
dered as  of  equal  value. 

The  Emprefs  alfo  prefented  him  with  an  eftate  of 
feven  thoufand  peafants  of  both  fexes,  in  the  diftrict 
of  Kobin,  the  fcene  of  the  full  battle  he  gained  in 
the  courfe  of  this  campaign. 

The  Fuld-Marfhal  Suworow  palled  a  year  at 
Warfaw.  The  King  had  left  it  in  the  beginning  of 
the  year  to  refide  at  Grodno.  But  the  departure  of 
tne  court  was  fucceeded  by  a  great  concourie  of 
officers  of  rank  and  foreigners  of  diftinüicn,  who 
came. to  vifn  the  illuftrious  warrior. 

The  t.ituatio  i  of  public  aifoir»  of  the  common 


su  wo  row's 


interefts  of  the  Emperor  and  the  King  of  Pruffia, 
made  it  ncccflary  for  the  Field-Marfhal  to  fend  fre- 
quent difpatches  to  Vienna  and  Berlin  ;  and  the 
perfons  employed  on  thefe  occafions,  were  received 
at  the  rei'pectivc  courts  with  peculiar  marks  of 
regard  and  favour.  His  Prudian  Majefty  con- 
ferred the  Orders  of  the  Black  Eagle  and  of  Merit, 
on  feveral  Generals  and  officers  of  the  Ruffian 
army. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  Autumn,  the  Field-Mar- 
fhal reviewed  the  whole  army  under  his  command, 
which  confifted  of  forty-eight  battalions,  an  hundred 
and  twelve  fquadrons,  and  fourteen  regiments  of 
Cpffacs, 

Thefe  different  troops  occupied  an  extent  of  coun- 
try of  one  hundred  and  fifty  German  miles  ;  and  the 
Field-Marfhal  vihted  all  the  feparate  camps  with  his 
ufual  aclivity,  examined  their  refpe&ive  fituations, 
and  law  them  perform  their  military  manoeuvres. 
This  operation  was  completed  in  fifteen  days. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  year,  he  returned  to 
Peterfburg,  in  confequence  of  orders  he  had  receiv- 
ed from  thence.  He  arrived  there  in  the  beginning 
of  December,  in  a  carriage  which  the  Emprefs  had 
fent  to  meet  him.  He  entered  the  city  at  night, 
alighted  at  the  winter  palace,  and  threw  himfelf  at 
the  feet  of  Her  Imperial  Majefty,  who  received  him 
with  the  moil  dillinguifhing  marks  of  regard.  She 
ordered  him  to  take  up  his  refidence  in  the  palace 
of  Taurida,  where  he  was  ferved  by  the  officers  of 
the  Court, 

In  a  fhort  time  after  his  arrival,  he  went  to  Fin- 
land to  vi  fit  the  fortifications,  on  the  fide  of  Sweden. 
On  his  return,  he  was  pre  fent  at  the  marriage  of  the 


CAMPAIGNS.  153 

Grand  Duke  ;  and,  during  the  three  months  of  his 
refidence  at  Peterfburg,  the  Emprefs  appeared  to 
have  no  greater  pleafure  than  in  manifefting  her 
high  efteem  for  him,  and  the  whole  Court  followed 
the  example  of  their  Imperial  Miftrefs. 

He  was  now  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  ar- 
my, which  confided  of  eighty  thoufand  men,  in  the 
governments  of  Brazlow,  Wofhenfki,  Charkow  and 
Catharinaflaw,  and  he  accordingly  repaired  to  fulfil 
the  important  duties  of  it.  He  fixed  his  head- 
quarters at  Tulezin,  in  the  caftle  of  Potoka,  on 
the  banks  of  the  Nieder. 

According  to  his  conftant  practice  he  attended  to 
the  difcipline  of  the  troops  which  were  encamped 
near  him.  In  the  Autumn  he  made  a  tour  of 
general  infpe&ion  of  the  whole  army ;  and,  on 
his  return,  gave  orders  for  its  entering  into  winter 
quarters. 

After  having  run  with  a  gigantic  ftride  this  vafi: 
career  of  glory,  thick  fown  indeed  with  obltruftions, 
but  producing  a  continual  harveft  of  laurels,  from 
the  frozen  banks  of  the  Viftula,  to  the  burning 
fands  of  the  Black  Sea,  this  illuftrious  warrior  is 
called  to  the  command  of  the  Auftro-Rufiian  armies 
in  Italy. 

He  came  into  that  country  to  fave  it,  and  he  has 
been  its  iaviour.  His  firft  entrance  into  it  was 
attended  by  victory  ;  and  victory  has  accompanied 
his  march  through  it.  He  brought  his  brave  and 
hardy  bands  from  the  North,  to  drive  back  the 
profligate,  pillaging  and  blood-thirfty  armies  of 
France,  to  their  own  country  ;  and  they  are  driven 
back  with  difgrace  and  (laughter, — They  alreadv 

U 


WJ4  q  AMP  AIGNS. 

approach  its  confines : — and,  with  the  fame  rapid 
Hep,  he  will  follow; them  ;  and,  with  the  fame  aveng- 
ing fword,  we  truft,  will  punifh  them  there.- 

His  Campaigns  of  the  prefent.  year  ,  will,  we 
doubt  not,  add  to  the. ?  glory  of  thofe  that  are  paft, 
and  with  them  we.  mall  hereafter  extend  the  Hiftory 
of:  Suworow. .  .-.  • 


SUPPLEMENT. 


Containing  various  Letters  from  Her  Imperial 
Majefly  the  Emprefs  of  Raffia;  the  Emperor 
of  Germany  ;  the  King  of  Pruffia,  and  the  King 
of  Poland,  to  General  Suworozu,  during  and 
after  the  Campaign  in  Poland.      •  ■   ■  ■ 


Letter  from  Her  Imperial  Majefiy,  the  Emprtfs 
of  all  the  Raffias,  to  Count  Suworow  Rymnikfii. 

Otlober  26, 


p      n         uaooer  20, 
!     J  ur&'  November  6,    '  ^4 


Count  Alexander  Bafilovitfch ! 

Your  rapid  inarches  againft  '  the  enemy,  your 
victories,  and  particularly  thole  which  you  gained 
on  the  6th  of  September  at- KrUpezize,  and  on;the 
8th  of  the  fame  month  at  Brzt-fcia,  are  diftinguilfied 
propL  of  your,  conllant  zeal  for  our  fervice,  and 
of  your  activity,  bravery  and. talents.  In  this  point 
of  view  we  are  pleafed  to  co  nider  your  fucceffes,- 
and  we  therefore  haften  to  exprefs,  pur  moft  grateful 
fenfe  of  them.    .  .  -: -:v 

We  fend  you  ;  as  a  pledge,  of  our,  fatisfa&ion, 
a  diamond  hat  loop,  and  at  the  fame- time  make 
you  a  prefent  of  three  pieces  of  cannon,  to  bp 


156  SUWOROW  S 

chofen  by  yourfelf  from  the  artillery  which  you 
have  taken. 

We  pray  God  to  affift  you  in  all  that  you  may 
hereafter  undertake  for  the  fervice  of  your  coun- 
try. 

I  am  your  affectionate 

CATHERINE. 

Note  from  the  Emprcfs  when  ße  prefented  General 
Suworow  with  the  Staff  of  Fitld-Marßal. 

November  1794. 
Field-Marfhal  General,  Count  Alexander 
Bafilovitfch  ! 
I  make  you  my  compliments  on  all  your  victo- 
ries, as  well  as  on  your  carrying  the  intrenchments 
of  Prague  and  Warfaw. 

I  am  with  great  regard  your  affe&ionate 

CATHERINE. 

Ukafe  (or  edict)  of  Her  Imperial  Majeßy  the  Em- 
preß  and  Autocratrix  of  all  the  Rußas,  to  the 
Senate,  relative  to  Field-Marßal  General  Count 
Suworow  RymnikßL 

The  commander  in  chief,  Count  Suworow  Rym- 
mkfki,  already  recommended  by  the  numerous 
fervices  he  has  rendered  us,  having  been  appointed 
by  Field-Marihal  Count  Romanzow  Zaduneifki, 
to  the  command  of  the  troops  againft  the  infurgents 
of  Poland,  has  acquitted  himfelf  of  the  commifiion 
with  which  he  was  charged  to  our  great  fatisfa&ion, 
by  defeating  the  enemy  in  feveral  engagements,  and 
particularly  in  that  of  Brzefcia  on  the  third  of 
September. 


CAMPAIGNS.  I57 

As  loon  as  he  was  informed  of  the  total  overthrow 
of  Kofciuzko,  the  leader  of  the  infurgents,  heim 
ftantly  marched  to  Warfaw,  defeated  the  enemy's 
troops  on  his  route,  and  took  Prague,  a  fuburb  of 
Warfaw,  defended  by  ftrong  intrenchments  and  a 
numerous  garrifon,  by  affault.  He  carried  the 
works  by  ftorm,  at  the  head  of  our  victorious  troops, 
engaged  the  infurgents,  and  after  a  molt  fevcre 
conflict,  obliged  Warfaw,  the  capital  of  the  king- 
dom, to  fubmit  her  deftiny  to  the  hands  of  the  con- 
queror. 

After  taking  poffeffion  of  Warfaw,  the  arms  and 
the  prudent  meafures  of  the  above  named  General, 
fpeedily  obliged  the  numerous  bodies  of  Poles  who 
had  retreated,  and  were  vigoroufly  purfued,  to 
flirrender  with  all  their  artillery  and  ammunition. 
The  fuccefs  of  this  expedition  has  entirely  ex- 
tinguifhed  the  flames  of  the  infunection  in  Po- 
land. 

In  consideration  of  thefe  fervices  which  General 
Count  Suworow  Rymnikfki  has  fo  recently  rendered 
us,  and  which  are  no  lefs  advantageous  than  accep- 
table to  Ruflia,  we  have  appointed  him,  this  19th  of 
November,  1794,  our  General  Field-Marflial,  and 
at  the  fame  time  prefented  him  with  the  ftalf  of 
Field-Marfhal.  We  order  the  Senate  to  expedite 
a  diploma  which  fhall  be  figned  by  our  own  hand, 
and  in  which  all  his  military  exploits  fliall  be  parti- 
cularized. 

CATHERINE. 


The  Senate  refolved  that  the  fupreme  will  of  her 
Imperial  Majefty  fhould  be  promulgatcd3  by  means 


158  suworowV 

of  ukafes  addrcfTed  to  all  the  governments,  and  all 
the  courts  of  juflice;  that  the  Field- Marmal-Gencr.d 
fhould  be  made  acquainted  with  it,  and  that  the  he  - 
raldic department  fhould  be  ordered  to  draw  up  a 
diploma,  which  fhould  be  afterwards  fubmitted  to'the 
approbation  of  the  Senate. 

Ukafe  to  the  Senate. 

Asa  recompence  for  the  lingular  fervices  which 
General  Field-Marfhal  Count  Alexander  Suworow 
hns  rendered  us,  by  t)ie  different  victories  he  has 
g  incd  over  the  infurgents  of  Poland,  and  efpecial- 
ly  by,  the  complete  defeat  of  their  united  forces  at 
Prague,. which  immediately  occafioucd  the  fubmif- 
fion  of  Warfaw,  the  capital  of  Poland,  and  the  gen- 
eral termination  of  the  infurreclion ;  we, have  given, 
by  virtue  of  our  plenary  authority,  to  him,  his  fuc-i 
Ceffors,  heirs,  Sec.  full  power  to  take,  from  the  date 
of  the  prefent  inftrument,  and  to  enjoy  in  perpetuity, 
fVom  our. Imperial  poftHhons  in  Lithuania,  confti- 
tuting  a  part  of  the  ci-devant  royal  diftrift  of  Brzcf- 
cia,  the  cMrici  of  Robrin,  with  .all  the  burghs,  ma- 
nor-houfes  and  villages  dependent  thereon ;  which 
diftri£t,  according  to  the  regime rs  laid  before  us,  con- 
tains a  population  of  6922  fouls;  together  with  all 
the  farms,  all  the  fruits,  rents,  tkc,  all  the  cattle.  andv 
fummarily,  all  the  objecls  of  rural  economy  attach- 
ed to  them. 

We  enjoin  our  Senate,  by  thefc  prefents,  to  expe- 
dite thencccflary  orders  for  placing  this  property, 
with  all  its  appurtenances  and  dependencies,  in'thc 
liands  of  Count  Suworow  Rymnikfki,  and  for-.preri 


CAMPAIGNS. 


159 


paring  the  diploma  of  this  donation,  which  wc  pur- 
pofe  to  fubfcribe  with  our  name. 

CATHERINE. 

St.  Peterßmrg, 
Anguß  19,  1795. 

Letters  from  the  Emperor  of  Germany. 

My  dear  General  Count  Suworow, 

I  learnt  with  great  pleafure,  the  intelligence  you 
fent  me  of  your  fortunate  and  fplendid  entry  into 
Warfaw.  In  proportion  as  I  have  conftantly  valu- 
ed your  extraordinary  abilities,  I  now  feel  grateful 
for  the  zeal  you  have  employed  in  re -eftabl idling 
the  tranquillity  of  Poland. 

This  important  event  is  the  incontedable  confe- 
quence  of  your  military  talents,  and  a  frefh  proof 
of  your  zealous  attachment  to  the  good  caufe.  Ex- 
ploits fo  brilliant  as  thofe,  by  which  you  have  fo 
repeatedly  fignalized  yourfelf,  will  forever  (ecure 
you  the  efteem  of  the  whole  world.  For  the  reft, 
1  allure  you,  with  the  utmofl  fmcerity,  that  1  fhall 
always  entertain  for  you  the  fame  affection  that  has 
been  conftantly  felt  and  expreffed  by  my  late  uncle, 
and  my  anceftors  of  glorious  memorv. 

FRANCIS. 

Vienna^  23  November^  1794. 

My  dear  General  Count  Suworow, 

The  letter  you  had  the  goodnefs  to  write  me,  the 
10-21  November  laft,  in  which  you  announce  the 
happy  refults  of  your  expedition  againft  the  inlur- 
gents  of  Poland,  has  given  me  the  greateft:  fatisiac- 


i6o  su  wo  row's 

tion.  I  was  pleafed  at  the  fame  time  to  receive 
the  agreeable  alfurance  that  the  revolution  in  that 
country  was  at  length  terminated. 

I  thank  you  for  this  fatisfattory  intelligence,  and 
heartily  felicitate  you  on  the  additional  glory  which 
you  have  acquired  by  this  ftriking  proof  of  your 
zeal.  I  now  wifh  you  perfect  tranquillity  in  your 
winter  quarters,  and  every  happinefs  this  world  can 
beftow.  I  conclude  with  renewing  the  affurances 
of  my  friendfhip. 

FRANCIS. 

Vienna,  23  November,  1794. 

My  dear  Field-Marfhal  Count  Suworow, 

Your  letter  of  the  6-17  of  this  month,  acquainting 
me  with  your  promotion  to  the  rank  of  Field-Mar- 
Ifial,  afforded  me  much  fatisfaction.  This  reward 
was  undoubtedly  due  to  your  brilliant  and  impor- 
tant fervices. 

As  I  take  a  lively  intereft  in  your  happinefs,  I 
iliall  always  be  very  glad  to  hear  of  any  thing  that 
is  calculated  to  promote  it. 

I  wiffi  you  my  dear  Field-Marfhal,  a  long  and 
conftant  feries  of  profperity,  and  affure  you  of  my 
invariable  friendfhip. 

FRANCIS. 

Vienna,  23d  Dec.  1794. 

JAy  dear  Field-Marfhal  Count  Suworow  ! 

As  Captain  Langfrey  returns  this  day  to  the 
place  of  his  defoliation,  I  have  entrufted  him  with 
my  portrait  for  you.  I  wifh  the  pleafure  you  may 
receive  from  it  may  equal  the  de  fire  I  feel  of 


CAMPAIGNS. 


giving  you  in  it  a  token  of  my  particular  efteem  for 
your  perfonal  merit. 

I  truft  you  enjoy  a  good  ftate  of  heath,  and  hope 
that  you  will  henceforth  tafte  the  fweets  of  repol'e, 
to  enable  you  to  recover  from  the  inceflant  fatigues 
you  have  hitherto  endured.  Reft  aflured  of  my 
good  wi flies. 

FRANCIS. 

Vienna,  Jan.  25,  1795. 


My  dear  Marfhal  Count  Suworow  ! 

I  have  difpatched  my  Colonel,  the  Marquis  de 
Chatelet,*  in  quality  of  Commiflioner,  for  the  de- 
markation  of  the  boundary  line  between  me  and 
Pruffia.  I  have  ordered  him  at  the  fame  time  to 
call  on  you,  for  the  fake  of  enquiring  into  your 
health,  and  of  alluring  you  that  I  fliall  never  ceafe 
to  think  of  you  with  gratitude  and  pleafure.  I 
flatter  myfelf  that  you  will  not  be  forry  to  hear 
from  this  officer  the  particulars  of  feveral  aBions  in 
which  my  troops  have  recently  diftinguifhed  them- 
felves,  and  amongft  whom,  you,  my  dear  Field- 
Marflial,  will  recognize  feveral  of  pour  eleves, 
as  well  as  of  your  old  companions  in  arms. 

Continue  to  preferve  for  the  fincere  friend  and 
admirer  of  your  Royal  Miftrefs  the  efteem,  of  which 


*  This  is  the  excellent  officer,  to  whose  uncommon  skill 
and  activity  we  owe  much  of  the  success  of  the  glorious  bat- 
tle of  the  Adda.  T. 

X 


1Ö2 


SU  WOROW'S 


you  have  already  given  fo  many  proofs  to  me  and  my 
houfe.  The  grateful  remembrance  of  thofe  proofs 
is  as  indelibly  engraven  on  my  heart  as  the  profound 
efleem  which  your  noble  character  and  very  dif- 
linguifhed  merits,  have  given  me  of  your  perfon. 

FRANCIS. 

Vienna^  Nov.  22,  1795. 


Letters  from  the  King  of  Pruffia. 

My  very  dear  General ! 

By  the  letter  which  you  had  the  goodnefs  to  write 
me  on  the  5th  of  this  month,  I  learnt  with  extreme 
pleafure  the  agreeable  intelligence  of  the  brilliant 
viclory  you  had  obtained  by  taking  pofleflion  of 
Prague.  I  take  the  moft  lively  intereft  in  the  addi- 
tional glory  wh'ch  the  Ruffian  arms  have  acquired 
by  this  triumph,  fo  honourable  to  the  troops  who 
have  combated,  under  your  orders,  with  fuch  cou- 
rage and  good  fortune  ;  and  am  happy  to  fee  the 
occafions  of  renewing  my  felicitations  fucceed  each 
other  with  fuch  rapidity.  I  mall  not  be  lefs  pleaf- 
ed  at  learning  that  her  Imperial  Majefty,  my  noble 
ally,  accords  with  me  in  acknowledging  the  impor- 
tance of  the  fervices  which  you  have  rendered  us, 
with  the  greateft  activity,  during  this  campaign,  and 
that  (lie  rewards  you  accordingly. 

For  myfelf,  as  a  mark  of  the  great  fatisfa&ion 
which  this  vi&ory  has  given  me,  I  have  conferred 
on  Captain  Bridel,  the  officer  who  brought  me 


CAMPAIGNS.  163 

the  intelligence,  my  Order  of  Merit    I  renew  the 
affurancc  of  particular  ellccm  with  which  I  am 
Your  affectionate 

FREDERICK  WILLIAM. 
Pot/dam,  Nov.  1,  1794. 


My  very  dear  General ! 

Your  letter,  cöntaing  the  intelligence  of  your 
having  crowned  your  former  victories  by  your  en- 
try into  Warfaw,  has  afforded  me  incxpreflible 
fatisfaction.  You  have  thus  completely  attained 
the  end  of  all  your  laborious  efforts  ;  for  the  wreck 
of  the  Polifh  army  cannot  certainly  oppofe  much 
refinance,  and  it  will  be  eafy  to  reduce  them  by 
the  combined  operations  of  the  Ruffian  troops,  and 
of  my  own  under  the  orders  of  Lieutenant-General 
Favrat.  I  fend  you  my  moft  fincere  compliments 
on  the  immortal  glory  you  have  thus  acquired  by  the 
re-eftablifhment  of  tranquillity,  and  I  allure  you  of 
ray  lafting  efteem.  I  have  conferred  my  Order  of 
Merit  on  Major  Heffen,  the  bearer  of  this  agreeable 
intelligence. 

Your  affectionate 

FREDERICK  WILLIAM* 

Pcftflavt}  Nov.  17,  1794. 


My  very  dear  General ! 

I  am  fenfibly  obliged  to  you  for  the  circumftan- 
t4al  details,  which  you  had  the  goodpefs  to  fend  mc 


SÜWOROW'S 


on  the  10-21  of  la  ft  month,  relative  to  the  manner 
in  which  you  put  an  end  to  the  infurreclion  in  Po- 
land. Neither  your  glory  nor  that  of  the  Imperial 
Ruffian  troops  and  their  leaders,  flood  in  need  of 
additional  luftre  :  but  the  fuccefs  of  this  expedition 
raifes  it  to  the  higheft  pitch,  and  infures  its  eternal 
duration.  I  felicitate  you  upon  it  with  the  fame 
fincerity  that  I  "renew  the  affu ranee  of  that  diftin- 
guifhed  efteem,  with  which  I  am  ever 
Your  affectionate 

FREDERICK  WILLIAM. 
Pot/dam,  Dec.  3,  1794. 


My  very  dear  General  ! 
I  am  fully  convinced  that  you  are  perfectly  fatif- 
fled  with  the  rewards  of  your  Sovereign,  who  duly 
appreciates  your  great  talents  and  long  experienced 
bravery.  I  know  alfo  that  you  are  not  ambitious 
of  new  diftintiions,  which  can  certainly  add  nothing 
to  the  luftre  of  your  renown  :  I  neverthelefs 
hope  that  you  will  accept  with  pleafure  my  Order 
of  the  Red  and  Black  Eagle,  which  I  fend  you  as 
a  mark  of  my  diftinguifhed  efteem  and  particular 
good  wifhes.  , 

I  am  vour  affectionate 

FREDERICK  WILLIAM. 
Potfdam,  Dec.  7,  1794. 


My  very  dear  Field-Marfhal  ! 

I  learnt  With  the  greateft  fatisfaction,  from  your 
letter  of  the  11-22  December,  the  value  you  fet 


CAMPAIGNS.  165 

upon  the  tokens  which  I  prefented  you  of  my  dif- 
tinguifhed  efteem  and  regard.  I  was  equally  well 
pleafed  at  the  lucky  accident  that  permitted  you,  on 
the  fame  day,  to  celebrate  the  inauguration  of  the 
ftaff  of  Field-Marfhal,  conferred  on  you  by  your 
gracious  Sovereign,  and  to  inveft  yourfelf  with  the 
Order  of  the  Red  and  Black  Eagle.  As  you  par- 
ticularly recommended  Major  Tilley  to  me  on  this 
occafion,  I  feel  a  pleafure  in  giving  you  a  frefh 
proof  of  my  diftinguiihed  efteem,  by  prefenting  him 
with  my  Order  of  Merit,  in  confequence  of  the 
lively  intereft  you  take  in  the  welfare  of  this  officer. 
I  renew  the  aflurance  of  the  fincere  fentiments  with 
which  I  am 

Your  affectionate 

FREDERICK  WILLIAM. 
Berlin,  Dec.  28,  1794. 


Letter  from  the  King  of  Poland. 

(A)  w    r      OBober  27, 

arJa'u'>  November  7,  1794» 

To  the  General,  Commander  in  Chief,  of  the 
Troops  of  her  Majefty,  the  Emprefs  of  all  the 
Ruffias. 

The  Magiftracy  of  the  town  of  Warfaw,  has  de- 
manded my  mediation  with  you,  in  order  to 
know  your  ulterior  intentions  relative  to  this 
capital. 

I  mufl  declare  to  you,  that  all  the  inhabitants  are 
rdolved  to  defend  themfelves  to  the  laft  extremity, 


i66 


su  wo  row's 


if  you  do  not  guarantee  them  the  fafety  of  their  lives 
and  fortunes.  I  wait  your  reply,  and  I  pray  God 
to  keep  you  in  his  holy  protection. 

STANISLAUS  AUGUSTUS,  King. 


(B)  To  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Troops  of 
Her  Majefly  the  Empreß  of  all  the  Rußias  1 

As  I  am  convinced  you  are  fmcerely  defirous  of 
concluding  an  effectual  capitulation  with  the  town  of 
Warfaw,  I  muft  acquaint  you  beforehand  that  the 
eight  davs  demanded  for  the  evacuation  of  the  town 
by  the  troops  of  the  Republic,  are  abfolutely  necef- 
faxy  ;  and  for  this  purpofe  I  propofe  to  you  a 
iufpenfion  of  arms  during  the  eight  days,  between 
the  Polifh  army,  and  the  Ruffian  troops :  a  condi- 
tion without  which  the  town  of  Warfaw  cannot 
accede  to  a  capitulation. 

I  truft  you  will  confent  to  avoid  an  effufion  of 
blood,  which  perhaps  is  no  longer  necefl'ary,  and 
confidcr  in  this  view,  the  proportion  I  make  you  ; 
and  alfo  that  you  will  forbid  your  troops  to  reftore 
the  bridge  on  the  other  bank  of  the  Viftula, 
till  the  capitulation  be  entirely  acceded  to  and 
iigned. 

I  pray  God  to  keep  you  in  his  holy  protection. 

STANISLAUS  AUGUSTUS,  King. 


167 


campaigns; 


(C)  Warfaw,the{fZt:Z(r}mi- 
Sir, 

I  am  perfectly  fenfible  of  the  candour  of  your 
proceedings  towards  us. 

I  cannot  give  you  a  better  proof  of  it,  than  by 
reftoring  to  liberty  the  Ruffian  prifoners  of  war  in 
this  place,  and  putting  them  into  the  hands  of  a 
General  fo  worthy  of  commanding  them. 

I  pray  God  to  keep  you  in  his  holy  protection. 

STANISLAUS  AUGUSTUS,  King. 


^^^^ 


A 


Concise  and  Comprehensive 


EISTO. 


T 


OF 


PRINCE  SUWOROW'S 


IN, THE  YEAR  1799. 
By  WILLIAM  COB  BETT, 


NEW-YORK  ; 

PRINTED  fOR.  THE  AUTHOR,    BY  G.  R.  WAITZ. 


A  CONCISE  AND  COMPREHENSIVE 


HISTORT 

OP 

SUWOROW'S  ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN. 


IT  was  in  the  month  of  April,  1799,  that  the 
renowned  Suworow  opened  tne  campaign  which 
threw  iuch  brilliancy  over  the  cloie  of  the  eighteenth 
Century,  and  which  delivered  Italy  from  the  galling 
and  disgraceful  yoke,  from  thepilagings,  the  murders, 
and  the  iacnlege  of  the  rapacious,  bloody  and  im- 
pious Republicans  of  France.  This  charming 
country  had  fallen,  ttate  after  flate,  before  die  arms 
of  the  enemies  of  God  and  man,  The  Emperor's 
Italian  pofleflions,  thofe  of  the  Dukes  of  Tufcany 
and  Modena,  had  been  over-run  and  revolution- 
ized ;  Rome  followed  next,  the  aged  Pope  had 
been  robbed,  infulted,  and  led  captive  by  a  French 
Calvinift,  acting  under  the  orders  of  the  infidels  of 
Paris;  laflly,  the  Kings  of  Naples  and  Sardinia  had 
been  driven  from  their  dominions  :  fo  that,  at  the 
time  Suworow  entered  Italy,  the  French  were  in 
poflcflion  of  the  whole  country  from  Dauphine  to 

Y 


172 


su  wo  row's 


the  gulph  of  Venice,  and  from  Switzerland  to  the 
Bay  of  Taranto. 

To  defend  this  territory,  to  keep  the  Italians 
chained  at  their  feet3  and  to  fally  out  on  their  ene- 
mies, their  force  was  evidently  inadequate.  Moreau 
with  about  forty  thoufand  men,  was  Rationed  in 
the  Milanefe ;  Cliampionet,  with  eighteen  thoufand, 
in  the  ftates  of  the  Church  $  Macdonald,  with  twenty 
thoufand,  in  the  Kingdom  of  Naples,  and  Sc  her  er 
with  forty-feven  thoufand  on  the  banks  of  the 
AH  ige. 

The  infolent  ufurpers  of  France,  (till  facrificing 
fafety  to  pride,  and  reafon  to  prefumption,  inftead 
of  collecting  their  forces,  which  were  fcattered  over 
the  whole  face  of  Italy,  and  oppofing  the  entire 
body  to  the  Auftrians,  who  were  preparing  to  attack 
Scherer  on  the  Adige,  were  obftinately  determined 
to  keep  poffeffion  of  all  their  conquefts. 

On  the  a6th  of  March,  Scherer,  though  inferior 
in  force,  attacked  the  Äuftrians,  under  General 
Kray,  who  were  ported  on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the 
Aciige.  This  was  little  more  than  a  drawn  battle. 
Scherer  did,  indeed,  inform  his  mailers,  that  he  had 
gained  a  uidory  and  had  taken  four  thoufand  Au- 
itrians  and  twelve  pieces  of  cannon  5  but,  it  never- 
thclefs  appeared,  that,  even  from  his  own  account, 
this  victory  was  confined  to  the  carrying  of 
fvjo  bridges.  The  two  ho  (tile  armies  renewed 
the  combat  on  the  31ft  of  March,  and  again  on  the 
fifth  of  April,  on  which  lalt  day  the  French  were 
*  Ii  iven  from  the  banks  of  the  Adige  to  Mantua  with 
very  great  lofs.  According  to  General  Kray's  offi-  ■ 
cial  accounts,  the  enemy,  during  the  twelve  days 
they  were  engaged,  from  the  26th  of  March  to.  the 


ITALIAN    CAMPAIGN.  173 

fifth  of  April  at  night,  loft  twenty  thoufand  men  kil- 
led and  wounded,  and  fevcn  thoufand  prisoners. 

Scherer  did  not  attempt  to  make  altand  at  Man- 
tua ;  he  continued  his  flight  till  he  got  behind  the 
Oglioand  the  Adda;  and,  by  the  1 8th  of  April,  the 
countries  of  Ferrara,  Brefcia  and  Mantua  were  in 
the  hands  of  the  Imperialills.  The  accounts  of 
General  Kray  were  probably  exaggerated,  but  cer- 
tainly the  army  of  "  invincible  conquerors"  were 
greatly  reduced  in  number.  Scherer  was  recalled 
by  the  mortified  tyrants  of  France,  and  the  rcmnafTt 
of  his  army,  after  leaving  ten  thou  fan  1  men  in  the 
city  of  Mautua  and  five  thoufand  in-Pefchiera,  was 
put  under  the  command  of  Moreau'. 

On  the  14th  of  April  twenty-three  thoufand  Ruf 
fians,  led  by  Field-Mar/hal  Suiuorow,  reached 
Verona,  and  the  next  day  proceeded  on  their  way 
to  join  Field-Marfhal  Kray.  The  command  of 
the  combined  Imperial  armies  now  devolved  on 
Suworow  5  nor  was  it  long  before  the  audacious 
and  impious  enemy  began  to  feel  the  effects  of  his 
valour.  Moreau,  who  had  received  great  re-in- 
forcements,  had  pofted  his  army  on  the  banks  of 
the  Adda.  rJ  he  pofition  was  very  ftrong,  and 
reached  from  Lecco  to  Pizzighitone.  It  was  ab-  1 
folutely  ncceffary  for  the  French  to  keep  this  nation, 
or  yield  a  very  extenfive  tract  oi  country.  On  the 
23d  of  April  the  right  wing  and  centre  of  the  allies 
entered  Bergamo  and  Bergamafco,  while  General 
Klenau  palfed  the  Po,  and  led  a  di vi  (ion  of  Auftri- 
ans  into  the  Modenefe.  The  fate  of  Milan,  there- 
fore, and  of  the  Cifalpine  Republic,  depended  on 
the  prefervation  of  the  port  of  the  Adda.  This  river 
was  very  difficult  to  nafs  having  in  its  courfe  from 

i  I  7  O 


i74 


suworow's 


the  Lake  of  Como  to  Lodi,  very  fteep  banks,  and 
having  all  its  pafles  well  guarded  'by  intrenchr 
paents.  The  French  had  very  faintly  c^iendui  the 
fpace  between  the  Mmcio  and  the  Adda,  bui  on 
the  banks  of  the  latter  they  had  taken  every  meafure 
to  make  up  for  their  inferiority  of  numbers  and  the 
decreafing  courage  of  the  troops.  They  had  (trong- 
ly  fortified  Calfano,*  which  place  and  the  right  bank: 
of  the  Adda  were  defended, by  formujable  batteries 
and  a  well  couihuded  tete-de-pont.  The  head 
quarters  of  Morcau  were  af  the  village  pf  Inzago, 
and  two  oivihons  of  his  army  were  polled  there,  in 
Older  to  prevent  the  paflage  of  the  Adda  at  that 
place.  Near  Lecco  the  French  were  gilb  ftron^ly 
lo-iified,  and  had  a  tete-de-pont  on  the  left  ba.  . 
A  diviiion  under  General  Scrruner  deh  nded  the 
upper  Adda,  one  half  of  which  was  polled  behi  1 
Lecco,  a  part^near  Porto  Imberzago,  and  anot  r 
near  Tezzo.  On  the  Lower  Audu,  tb\*f3fds  bedi4 
the  enemy  had  a  detachment  under  Genera!  Dehne  ,, 
and  a  ftrong  garrifon  in  Pizzighitohc. 

Thus  polled,  ancj  thus  fortified  both  by  art  arid 
nature,  it  is  not  [urpiiiing  that  the  French  mould 
look  upon  thcmfelves  as  fectrfe  and  unavailable ; 
but  they  jorgot,  that  Suworoiu  was  the  adailant. 

On  the  26th  of  April  the  Field  Marib*l  refolved 
to  force  the  paflage  of  the  river,  and  on  the  27th  he 
put  his  rcfolution  in  praciice. 

Gen-  Vukaflbwich  croffed  the  river  in  the  night 
near  Brivio,  by  the  means  of  a  flying  bridge,  which 
had  been  nearly  deftroyed  by  the  enemy,  but  was 


*  A  fortress  in  the  Milanese,  fifteen  miles  N.  E.  of  Mijan* 


ITALIAN    CAMPAIGN.  175 

afterwards  quickly  repäired;  arid  took  a  good  pofi- 
tion  on  the  right  bank. 

An  Auftrian  column  arrived  at  nine  o'clock  in 
the  evening  behind  the  village  of  Gervafto,  oppoute 
to  Trezzo,  contifting  of  the  diviiion  of  Field  Mar- 
fhal  Lieut.  Ott,  as  advanced  guard;  and  that  of 
Field  Marfhal  Lieut.  Zoph  to  fupport  it.  The 
Captain  of  the  pontoniers,  who  had  been  previoufly 
fent  forward,  reported  that  it  wäs  impoffible  to 
throw  a  bridge,-  owing  to  the  declivity  of  the  banks, 
and  the  lharp  turnings  of  the  river. 

On  receiving  this  report,  the  Quarter  Matter 
General  Marquis  Chafteller  went  to  the  place  him- 
fejf,  and  rinding  the  execution  of  this  defign  difficult, 
though  not  quite  impoifible^  refolved  with  the  alTif- 
tanceof  the  fourth  Bannet  battalion,  and  that  of  the 
Chaffeurs  (whofe  Colonel  volunteered  the  fervice), 
to  have  the  pontoons  carried  down  by  men,  and  to 
attempt  to  re-eftablifh  the  bridge. 

Between  twelve  at  night  and  five  in  the  morning 
all  the  pontoons  and  beams  were  fortunately  brought 
down  ;  and  at  half  palt  five  the  bridge  was  complet- 
ed. Thirty  Chaffeurs  of  the  corps  of  Afpre  and 
fifty  volunteers  ofNadafly  were  carried  over  in  a 
boat  to  the  oppofite  fide,  and  remained  at  the  foot  of 
the  rugged  mountain,  on  which  the  caftle  of  Trezzo 
is  built,  without  making  the  leaft  noife. 

,  The  bridges  being  finifhed,  Major  Retzer,  with 
fix;  companies  of  the  above-mentioned  Chaffeurs 
and  one  regiment  of  Ruffian  Co  flacks  paffed  the 
A  Ida  :  one  battalion  of  Nadafiy,  two  of  Elterhazy. 
and  the  fourth  Bannat  battalion  then  puffed  the  rt- 
vcv,  under  the  command  of  Col.  Bidefkuti,  and  fell 
upon  the  enemy  in  and  behind  Trezzo. 


ijß  suworow's 

The  French,  who  confidered  the  building  of  this- 
bridge  impoflible,  had  not  the  lead  notice  thereof* 
"I1  he  above  brigade  was  followed  by  the  feventh 
Huflars  and  two  Coffack  regiments.  The  enemy- 
was  driven  back  as  far  as  Pozzo,  where  Field  Mar- 
fhal  Lieut.  Ott,  whofe  whole  divifion  croffed  the 
river,  fell  upon  that  of  the  enemy  commanded 
by  Gen.  Grenier,  which  was  on  the  point  of  ad- 
vancing againfl  General  VukafTowich  at  Brivio. 

The  battle  was  very  obftinate;  the  enemy  took 
poft  between  Pozzo  and  Brivio,  Where  it  was  raoft 
vigoroufly  attacked. 

The  enemy,  who  in  the  mean  time  had  drawn 
reinforcements  from  Victor's  divifion,  was  on  the 
point  of  turning  the  Imperial  right  wing,  and  the 
Bannat  battalion  had  already  begun  to  give  way* 
when  Gen.  Chafteller  led  up  the  two  Grenadier  bat- 
talions Pers  andStentoch,  which  formed  the  head  of 
Field  Marfhal  Lieut.  Zoph's  divifion,  juft  then  com- 
ing up  againft  the  enemy. 

The  Battalion  Pers  having  attacked  in  front,  fuf- 
fercd  confderbly ;  but  the  Stentoch  battalion,  with 
two  fquadrons  of  Huflars  of  Archduke  Jofeph's  re- 
giment, under  the  command  of  Captain  Kirchner« 
led  on  by  Lieut.  Bokarme  of  the  engineers  (to  the 
found  of  military  mufic),  fell  on  the  enemy's  left 
flank,  which  was  totally  routed;  and  the  Huffars, 
having  broken  through  the  French,  made  ßoopri- 
foners,  and  cut  200  to  pieces. 

The  village  of  Pozzo  was  carried  fword  in  hand. 
The  enemy,  in  the  mean  time,  had  received  rein- 
forcement, and  marched  his  troops  up  in  order  in 
the  road  that  leads  from  Baprio  to  Milan,  but  was 
again  attacked,  and  Major  Hetzer  with  the  Na- 


ITALIAN    CAMPAIGN.  I77 

dafty  battalion,  took  Baprio,  and  made  200  pri- 
foners. 

The  enemy  was  purfued;  and  near  Gcrgonzollo 
the  French  general  Beker,  and  30  wounded  Of- 
ficers, were  taken  pwfoners. 

At  the  fame  time  General  Melas  marched  againft 
Caflano,  and  battered  the  entrenchments  acrofs  the 
Ritorto  canal  with  twelve-pounders  and  howitzers; 
and,  as  the  French  fell  back,  caufed  a  flying  bridge 
to  be  thrown  over  the  Canal  di  Ritorto.  Firft  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  Pioneers,  Count  Kinfki,  completed  it 
in  fpite  of  the  heavy  fire  of  the  enemy.  Gen. 
Melas  immediately  ordered  the  Reifky's  regiment 
againft  the  entrenchments  which  covered  the 
bridge,  which,  with  three  cannons,  was  carried  with 
fo  much  rapidity,  that  the  bridge,  which  had  been 
fet  on  fire  by  the  French,  was  faved  by  our  troops. 

Gen.  Melas  crofted  the  Adda  with  his  whole  co- 
lumn; and  the  fame  evening  marched  to  Gergon- 
zollo,  and  the  next  day  early  (28th),  to  Milan. 

The  two  divifions  Fröhlich  and  Ott  advanced  to 
Milan  on  the  28th;  the  right,  under  General  Ro- 
femberg,  pafled  the  Adda  at  Brivio  on  the  27th; 
but  General  Vukaflbwich,  who  had  already  paff  jd 
the  river,  formed  the  advanced  guard,  met  with 
a  divifion  of  French  under  General  Serrurier. 
at  Bertero,  which,  after  a  moft  obftinate  en- 
gagement, was  beaten,  and  forced  to  capitulate. 
The  whole  corps  laid  down  its  arms;  the  Ofiicers 
were  permitted  to  return  to  France  on  their  parole, 
and  the  privates  remained  prifoners  of  war. 

After  this  affair,  General  Vukaflbwich  marched 
to  Como,  and  the  Ruffians  to  the  rieht  of  Milan- 

7, 


1/8  suworow's 

This  battle  (which  has  taken  the  furname  of  iht 
Adda)  coft  the  French  6,000  men  in  killed  and 
wounded,  5.400  prifoners  (amongft  whom  were 
three  generals)  and  80  pieces  of  cannon;  the  Auftro 
Ruffian  army  took  14  itandards.  The  lofs  on  the 
part  of  the  allies  was  flated  at  3,000  killed  and 
wounded. 

In  the  plan  and  execution  of  this  attack,  Suwo- 
row  di (covered  all  that  prefence  of  mind  and  promp- 
titude, for  which  he  had  long  been  celebrated,  and 
which  are  thefirft  requifites  in  a  great  general.  His 
distribution  of  the  several  divifions  under  his  com- 
mand was  admirable ;  every  corps  seemed  to  be  the 
beft  fitted  for  the  service  which  it  was  appointed  to 
perform  ;  his  knowledge  of  the  talents  and  qualities 
of  the  feveral  General  Officers  appeared  to  be  as 
perfect  as  if  they  had  all  served  under  him  for  years; 
his  orders  were  given  with  brevity  and  precifion, 
with  dignity  and  iolemnity;  his  name  infpired  con- 
fidence in  the  army  and  ltruck  the  enemy  with  terror. 
In  his  official  account  of  the  engagement  he  gives 
great  praife  to  feveral  of  the  Aultrian  and  Ruffian 
officers,  but  particularly  to  Generals  Melas  and 
Chaflelkr.  Gen.  Melas,  with  his  divifion,  carried 
the  intrench ments  on  theoppofite  bank,  and  penetra- 
ted into  Cajjano,  in  fpite  of  a  moil  obfiinate  and  de- 
ftruclive  refiftance-  and,  it  was  owing  to  the  fkill  and 
intrepidity  of  Gen.  Marquis  Chasteller  that  the  paf- 
fage  at  Trezzo,  which  the  enemy  thought  impolfi- 
ble,was  so  fuccefsfully  effected. 

Nor  was  the  battle  of  the  Adda  more  glorious  in 
itfelf  than  important  in  its  confequences.  Moreau, 
with  his  defeated  and  difheartened  army,  paffed  the 
Tefiao,  abandoned  even  the  Novarefe  and  the  valley 


ITALIAN    CAMPAIGN.  171) 

of  Sefia,  and  continued  his  retreat,  'till,  on  the  lit 
of  May,  he  took  fhelter  under  the  walls  of  Turin, 
the  capital  of  Piedmont,  and  alfo  the  capital  of  the 
King  of  Sardinia's  dominions. 

Milan,  which  was  the  feat  of  government  of  the 
C  if  alpine  Republic  *  and  which  was  only  fifteen 


*  As  this  ephemeral  Republic  has  been  much  talked  about 
in  America,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  give  some  account  of  it 
here.  1 1  comprehended,  besides  the  whole  of  Austrian  Lom- 
bard y,  the  territories  of  the  Duke  of  Modena,  the  Papal  pro- 
vinces of  Ferrara,  Bologna,  and  Romagna.  It  was  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Switzerland,  the  Tyrol  and  part  of  the. 
states  of  Venice  ;  on  the  east  by  the  Adriatic  Sea  and  Austria 
Proper;  on  the  south  by  the  territories  of  the  Pope,  by 
Tuscany,  the  Mediterranean,  and  Parma;  on  the  west  by- 
Parma  and  the  states  of  the  King  of  Sardinia.  It  contained 
3,567  square  miles,?and  3,447,384  inhabitants.  The  country 
that  this  base  usurpation  extended  over,  is,  in  every  respect, 
one  of  the  finest  in  all  Europe.  The  mountebanks  of  Paris, 
according  to  their  custom,  gave  to  it  five  directors,  two 
councils,  and  other  bands  of  vagabond  rulers.  They  divided 
it  into  twenty  departments,  as  follows  : 


Departments, 

Capitals. 

Deputies. 

1  Olone 

Milan 

l> 

2  Verbano 

Varese 

12 

3  Lario 

Como 

12 

4  Delle  Montague 

Lecco 

12 

5  Tesino 

Pavia 

12 

6  Adda 

Lodi  &  Crema 

12 

7  Serio 

Bergamo 

1; 

8  Adda  &  Oglio 

Undetermined 

IZ 

9  Mella 

Breschia 

*s 

jo  Benaco 

Desenzano 

9 

j  r  Upper  Po 

Cremona 

*; 

12  Miucio 

Mantua 

9 

13  Crostolo 

Reggio 

14  Appenniues 
j ;  Panaro 

Massa  Carara 

6 

Modena 

i8o 


SÜWOROW'S 


miles  from  the  hoftile  armies,  waited  with  the  utmoft 
anxiety,  the  event  of  the  battle  of  the  Adda,  on  which 
its  fate,  as  well  as  that  of  the  whole  Republic  of 
which  it  was  the  capital,  evidently  depended.  As 
foon,  therefore,  as  certain  fugitives  brought  the 
news  to  the  city,  the  vile  creatures  of  France,  the 
Lombard  Republicans,  the  Directory  and  Legifla- 
tive  Reprefentatives  were  feen  making  off,  like 
thieves,  out  of  the  gate  towards  Piedmont,  while 
the  honeft  and  loyal  part  of  the  inhabitants  were 
rufhing  to  the  oppofite  road  to  receive  the  imperial 
troops.  Here  fhouts  of  joy  and  blellings  refounded 
all  the  way. 

Three  years  before,  when  Majfena,  who  then 
commanded  the  van  of  Buonaparte's  army,  approach- 
ed this  city,  he  was  met  by  a  band  of  traitors  and 
rebels,  who  hailed  him  as  the  harbinger  of  liberty. 
Very  different  was  the  proceffion  that  went  out  to 
welcome  Suzvor'ow.  The  Archbifhop  of  Milan, 
who,  like  his  predeceffor  St.  Ambrose,  had  fcorned 
to  abandon  his  flock  to  defpair  amidfl  the  barbarians, 
was  at  the  head,  followed  by  his  clergy,  and  the  old 
Magiftracy  who  were  fo  horribly  oppreffed  on  the 
invaiion  of  the  French.  They  met  the  Auftro- 
Rufiian  army  at  Creffenzago,  and  delivered  to  Su- 


Defartments.  Capitals.  Deputies. 

16  Reno  Bologna  16 

17  Upper  Padua  Cento  6 

18  Lower  Po  Ferrara  12 

19  Lamone  Faenza  •  12 

20  Rubico  Rimini  12 


244 


ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN. 


worow  the  keys  of  the  city,  but  could  not  find  lan- 
guage fufficient  to  exprefs  their  joy  and  their  grati- 
tude. From  Creffenzago  to  Milan,  which  was  three 
miles,  the  way  was  lb  crowded  that  the  army  could 
fcarcely  advance.  From  the  Itnets,  the  doors, 
the  windows,  the  houfe-tops  of  the  city,  the  conquer- 
or was  faluted  with  continued  lliouts  of  M  Long 
66  live  religion,  the  Emperor,  and  Su worow  !" 
Such  were  the  lamentations,  which,  after  a  three 
year's  trial,  the  lofs  of  republicanifm  excited  in  Lorn- 
bardy ! 

Very  few  excefles  were  committed.  Some 
houfes  belonging  to  the  leading  Kevolutionills,  fuch 
as  Serbelloni  at  Milan,  and  Campara  at  Brefcia, 
were  plundered,  and  that  more  by  the  populace 
than  by  the  troops.  At  the  fame  time  that  an  am- 
nelty  was  publimed,  a  proclamation,  as  wife  as  ne- 
ceffary,  was  iffued  forbidding  all  reprifals,  all  vio- 
lence againft  the  parti zans  of  the  annihilated  fyftem. 
The  amnefty,  however,  could  not  be,  nor  was  it, 
extended  to  the  principal  authors  of  the  public  ca- 
lamities, to  thofe  who  before  the  French  irruption 
and  to  the  very  laft  day  perfifted  in  preferring  the 
interefts  of  the  Directory  of  Paris  to  thofe  of  their 
fellow  fubjecls,  and  in  being  the  accomplices  and 
executioners  of  the  oppreflion  under  which  Lom- 
bardy  groaned.  Some  perfons  of  ill  repute  were 
arretted  for  the  fake  of  policy,  but  moft  of  the 
great  criminals  and  oppointed  agents  had  followed 
the  French  army  to  Turin. 

The  Cifalpine  Directory  was  compofed  of  five 
fellows  named  Savoldi,  Ale/Jandri,  Te/ci,  Lamberti^ 
and  Addaßo.  Their  brethren  of  Paris  had  inferted 
them  in  the  National  Almanack  of  France,  ncxtto  the 


J82 


SUWOROW'S 


Emperor  of  Ruß  a.  One  of  thefe  renegadoes 
thought  it  beft  to  purchafe  his  pardon  by  returning 
to  the  frontiers,  where,  by  confent  of  the  Minifter  of 
Finance  and  fome  other  members  of  the  admini- 
ttration,  he  gave  up  >the  fecret  repohtories  and  ar- 
chives of  the  run-away  Government. 

Turin  offering  no  fecurity  fufficiently  ftable  to 
this  horde  of  wandering  dignitaries  and  their  depen- 
dents, to  the  vultures,  agents,  and  conßituUd  rob- 
bers who  followed  the  French  army,  the  caravans 
of  them  made  their  way    by  Mount  Cenis,  flow- 
ing into  France,  that  common  fewer  of  the  Re- 
volutionary filth  of  Europe,  and  into  which  there- 
fufe  of  Switzerland,  Italy,  Ireland,  and  Germany, 
have  been  continually  pouring.    Afpe&ator  of  this 
difcharge  of  corruption  tells  us,  that  no  pencil  can 
paint  the  band,  purfued  in  imagination  by  the  Cof- 
lacks,  clambering  over  the  precipices  of  the  Alps, 
a-foot,  on  mules,  on  affes,  and  litters;  nor  the 
medley  of  Directors,  Legiflators,  Ambaffadors,  Se- 
cretaries, Proflitures,  Players,  Deferters,  San-Cu- 
lottes, Ufurers,  and  dethroned  Delegates,  here  curf- 
cd  and  there  laughed  at  by  the  people  who  were 
wimeffes  of  this  new  flight  to  Paradife^  confoling 
themfclves  for  their  mi  feries,  with  imprecations,  and 
loading  one  another  with  cenfure. 

At  the  end  of  eight  days,  there  remained  not,  in 
Milan,  a  veflige  of  the  Republican  government. 
The  Executive  Directory,  the  Ministers  of  War,  of 
Finance  and  of  Foreign  Affairs,  the  Council  of  El- 
ders, the  Council  of  Youngers,  the  Committees  of 
Safety  and  of  Secrecy,  the  Departmental  Admini- 
ftrators  and  Municipal  Officers,  the  Revolutionary 
Tribunals  and  National  Guards,  the  Requisitions, 


ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN. 


Tricolorcd  flags,  Cockades,  Paflports,  Certificates 
of  Civifm,  Forced  Loans,  Jack-Ketches,  Liberty- 
Caps  and  Guillotines,  all  were  vanished  like 

the  phanthomsofa  dream!  The  Imperial  govern- 
ment was  re-eftablifhed  in  all  its  parts.  The  armo- 
rial bearings  of  the  apes  oftht  apes  of  France,  yet  new 
and  frefh,  gave  place  to  the  Royal  Eagle, and  theCif- 
alpine  foldiers,  deferted  by  the  rebel  chiefs,  enlilled 
under  the  banners  of  their  lawful  fovcreign. 

Thus  perifhed,  after  an  exigence  of  three  years, 
that  wonderful  creation  of  Buonaparte's  genius,  the 
mighty  Cifalpine  Republic  !  That  ftate,  in  which 
all  malignant  republicans  hoped  to  fee  another  per- 
manent example  of  fuccefsful  rebellion,  was  van 
quifhedby  Suworow  in  one  week;  and  the  divans  of 
rebels,  who  had  tricked  themfelves  out  in  robes  and 
badges,  and  who  had  treated  nobles  and  princes  with 
difdain,  were,  in  a  few  hours,  reduced  to  a  hand- 
full  of  vagabonds,  by  whofe  flight  Italy  was  purified, 
and  the  Republican  hordes  at  Paris  augmented. 

In  the  mean  time  the  fortreffes  left  behind,  in  the 
hands  of  the  French,  fell,  one  after  another,  be- 
fore the  Imperial  arms.  On  the  30th  of  April  fort 
Orci  Nuovo  opened  its  gates.  Pefchiera,  with  a 
garrifon  of  1,500  men,  capitulated  with  General 
Kray  on  the  5th  of  May ;  and  Pizzighitone  furren- 
dered  on  the  10th  of  the  fame  month  to  Gen.  Kaim. 
In  the  capitulation  for  the  furrender  of  Pefchiera, 
the  French  urged  very  ftrenuoufly  that  none  of  the 
inhabitants  fhould  be  called  to  account  for  their  po- 
litical or  religious  opinions  and  principles,  or  for 
h'dv'mgferved  in  the  French  army  ;  but  this  conditi- 
on Gen.  Kray  abfolutely  refilled  to  grant. 

Beyond  the  Tclino,  the  nothern  part  of  Piedmont, 


1 84 


su  wo  row's 


from  that  river  to  the  Doria  Baltea,  which  defcends 
from  the  Duchy  of  Aofta,  Novara  poorly  fortified, 
Vercelli  and  Ivrea  ft  ill  worfe  fo,  the  higher  countries 
bordering  on  the  Lake  of  Como  and  Lake  Major, 
and  the  intermediate  Swifs  Bailliwicks,  were  deliver- 
ed. Parties  were  puflied  on  from  Ivrea  to  Chivaz- 
zo,  to  within  five  leagues  of  Turin,  and  to  the  right 
of  the  Po. 

To  the  left,  Prince  Hohenzolkm  and  General 
Khnau  overran  the  Duchy  of  Parma  and  the  Mo- 
denefe  :  Reggio,  whole  civifm  was  diftinguifhed  by 
Buonaparte,  and  which  had  em  braced  the  Revolution 
with  peculiar  ardour,  Reggio,  after  the  battle  of  the 
Adda  flattened  to  fend  its  keys  and  deputies;  and 
the  cries  of  Viva  la  Rdigione  !  Viva  i V Impcratore ! 
fucceeded  to  thofe  of  Viva  VEgualita  ! 

In  all  thefe  different  countries,  tranfports  of  joy, 
mingled  with  thole  of  refentment  again  ft  the  Revo- 
lutionifts,  who  were  ironically  called  Patriots. 
At  Pavia  feveral  of  them  were  not  able  to  efcape  the 
popular  fury:  they  would  all  have  fallen  by  the  ven- 
geance of  the  people,  had  they  not  been  protected 
by  thofe  foldiers,  whom  three  months  before  they 
fpoke  of  with  infolent  contempt.  This  inevitable 
and  natural  refentment  broke  out  particularly  in  the 
Swifs  Bailliwicks :  that  of  Sugano  did  not  wait  for 
the  arrival  of  the  Auftrians  to  drive  out  the  French, 
and  to  exercife  a  bloody  retaliation  upon  them.  In 
a  word,  the  predictions  pronounced  three  years  pad 
of  the  fate  refer ved  by  the  Italians  for  their  oppref- 
fors,  their  inftitutes,  their  profelites,  and  their  infig- 
nia  of  rebellion,  impiety,  and  anarchy,  were  accom- 
plifned.  This  was  the  ninth  time  that  the  Fiench 
thus  expiated  their  conquefts  beyond  the  Alps; 


II  ALI  A,  N   CAMPAIGN.  1 85 

Thefe  general  infurrcclions,  which  in  fuch  cafes 
were  indeed  become  the  moß  facred  of  duties,  pow- 
erfully concurred  with  the  rapid  march  of  the  Allies 
to  haften  the  flight  and  difordcr  of  the  French. 
They  had  no  time  to  fave  their  magazines,  to  Itrip 
the  evacuated  towns,  or  carry  oft'  their  ftores  of 
ammunition  and  other  effects,  which  were  abandon- 
ed to  the  conqueror.  At  Novara,  by  the  collufion 
of  one  of  the  Miianefe  Directors  and  the  Treafur- 
ers,  General  Vukaffowich  difcovered  the  che  ft  of 
the  Cifalpirie  Republic,  containing  feven  million 
livres  of  the  country  in  cam. 

This  happy  change  was  owing  to  the  wife  policy 
ho  lefs  than  to  the  military  (kill  and  bravery  of 
Suworozv,  who,  after  having,  by  his  arms,  ftruck 
terror  to  the  hearts  of  the  Republicans,  iftiied  the 
following  proclamation, 

Italian  Nations  ! 
.  Arm,  and  unite  under  the  banner  of  him  who  fights  for 
God  and  Religion,  and  you  will  triumph  over  a  perfidious 
enemy.  The  army  of  his  Majesty  the  Emperor  and  King 
fight  the  French  and  shed  their  own  blood  in  defence  of  our 
most  holy  Religion,  and  to  restore  to  yoit  your  possessions  and 
your  ancient  government.  Were  not  the  French  perpetual- 
ly demanding  eriorrrious  sums  of  money  ?  Did  they  not  ex- 
act extraordinary  requisitions  of  you  ?  And,  what  to  fathers  of 
families  is  still  more  cruel,  did  they  not  tear  y  ,-ur  children 
from  you  at  the  chimerical  names  cf  Liberty  and  Equalitv,  tö 
make  them  fight  against  the  troops  of  your  legitimate  u- 
vereign,  of  a  father  who  loves  you,  of  the  most  ardent  pro- 
tector of  our  holy  Religion  ?  Be  comforted,  Nations!  There 
is  a  God  who  watches  over  you,  and  armies  that  defend  you, 
Look  at  this  host  of  soldiers:  another  army  is  sent  by  the 
Emperor  of  Russia,  the  ally  of  yours.  See  hsre  the  victori- 
ous army  of  your  Emperor;  see  on  all  sides  considerate  Na- 
feis  full  ot  enthusiasm  co-operating  to  put  an  end  to  this 

A  a 


i8S 


suwonowV 


bloody  struggle  An  immense  number  of  noble  warriors 
nie  com::  to  deliver  Italv.  Fear  nothing;  the  armies  are 
fighting  agaihftthe  French  Republic  in  order  to  restore  your 
J.'ws,  re-establish  religion,  and  revive  public  and  private 
tranquillity,  by  delivering  you  from  the  yoke  under  whicli 
you  have  groaned  for  three  years  past.  The  faithful  servants 
of  reliricm  shall  be  reinstated  in  their  offices  and  property. 
But,  mark  !— If  there  be  found  amoirg  you  a  being  >  erfidious 
enough  to  bear  arms  agaiost  his  sovereign,  of  to  favour  the 
enterprises  of  the  French  Republic-- such  a  traitor  shall 
without  consideration  of  situation,  birth,  rank,  employment 
or  condition,  be  shot,  2nd  his  property  all  confiscated  from' 
his  family.  Your  wisdom,  ItaiiVn  Nations!  gives  every 
reason  to  hope  that,  knowing  the  justice  of  our  cause,  you 
will  not  reduce  us  to  the  necessity  of  putting  these  rigorous 
measures  into  execution,  but  that  you  will  give  us  every  pos-' 
M  bie  proof  of  loyalty  and  gratitude  to  a  Sovereign  so  gra- 
cious to  you. 

(Signed)  Suworow. 

The  writer  of  this  addrefs  was  certainly  better 
acquainted  with  the  genius  of  the  Italians,  than 
Buonaparte's  poets  and  orators  were.  The  end,  the 
motives,  the  duties,  the  crimes  and  punimment,  are 
Irated  unambiguously.  Th^re  is  a  God  who  watches 
o~jcrycu,  and  armies,  thai  defend y oa! — This  is  a  dif- 
ferent kind  of  eloquence  from  the  impious  rhodo- 
montades  by  which  the  Generals  of  the  Directory 
terrified  the  Nation:;, 

Among  the  meafures  of  Suworow,  there  was  one 
which  was  highly  characterise  of  a  iufl  and :  noble 
mind,  and  which  eflfeSufflty  put  a  (top  to  the  cruel 
pevfocution  of  the  French  Refiigees,  the  victims  of 
their  duty  and  attachment,  ftiedding  their  blood  in 
company  with  the  Confederate  Armies,  while  they 
were  excluded  from  the  laws  of  war,  not  admitted  to 
be  exchanged,  and,  if  taken  prifoners,  murdered  Lit 
the  uniform  of  the  Powers  who  were  at  war  wkli 


ITALIAN    CAMPAIGN.  l8/ 

-their  oppreflbrs.  The  princes  of  Lorraine,  the 
Princes  Charles  and  ViBor  of  Rohan,  Colonels  id 
Carnevillc,  de  Gorger,  and  many  others  were  ferving 
with  glory  in  the  Imperial  Army.  In  order  to  in- 
fare  thole  rights  which  cannot  be  denied  the  com- 
moner foldier,  Suworow  intimated  to  General  Mo- 
reau  that  he  would  order  100  French  pri Toners  to 
be  Ihot  for  every  emigrant,  ferving  under  him, 
againlt  whom  the  decrees  of  the  Republic  ihould  be 
put  in  execution. 

During  this  general  wreck  of  republican! fm,  Mo- 
rtem was  very  aukwardly  fituated.  He  fcft  Turin5 
whither  he  had  been  driven  by  his  defeat  of  the 
27th  of  April,  and  pofted  himfelf  about  the  fifth  of 
May,  in  the  angle  of  the  two  rivers  between  Valcn- 
za  and  Alexandria,  with  a  view  of  protecting  the 
fbrtrefs  of  Tortona,  which  has  always  been  regard- 
ed by  the  French  as  the  key  of  Italy.  But,  from  the 
fame  motive  that  the  French  wifhed  to  prelerve 
this  fortrefs,  Suworow  wifhed  to  wreft  it  from  them. 
This  he  effected  by  marching  out,  on  the  ninth  of 
May  with  his  whole  army,  and  overawing  Moreau, 
while  he  fent  detachments  forward  againlt:  the  for- 
trefs. The  Imperial  troops  under  General  Mclas 
and  the  Marquis  Caiteller,  entered  Tortona,  the 
French  garnion  retiring  to  the  citadel.  The  loyal 
inhabitants  received  their  deliverers  with  every 
demonftration  of  joy.  The  town  was  illuminated 
the  whole  night,  and  the  next  day  high  mafs  and 
te  de  urn  were  fung  in  thofe  churches,  within  whofe 
facred  walls  the  impious  Republicans  had  commit- 
ted every  fpecies  of  abomination.  The  citadel, 
which  contained  a  garrifon  of  feven  hundred  men, 
.was  immediately  beheged. 

Unable  to  flop  the  progrefs  of  the  Imperial  arrr? 


t%9 


GUWOROW'S 


for  a  (ingle  hour,  even  vrhen  an  objeft  fo  great  as 
Tortona  was  at  ftake,  it  was  no  wonder  that  Moreau 
foon  found  it  necefiary  to  retreat  ftill  nearer  to  the 
Alps.  Before  the  end  of  May,  he  abandoned  his 
poution  between  the  Pq,  the  Tanaro,  and  Bormida, 
and  retreated  to  Coni.  He  was  compelled  to  make 
this  movement,  not  by  any  considerable  defeat  of 
the  amy  immediately  under  his  command  :  the 
11  ep  was  the  necedary  confequence  of  feveral  bat- 
tles, which,  though  nqt  general9  always  weakened 
the  republican  army.  BeQdes,  the  manoeuvres  of 
the  er::ny'\hreatened  daily  to  hem  him  in  and  fur- 
round  him  ;  the  Piedmontefe  were  taking  up  arms 
again  it  him  in  his  rear,  while,  in  front,  the  indefati- 
gable activity  of  Suworow,  gave  him  not  a  moment's 
reft. 

The  towns  and  citadels,  in  the  mean  time,  which 
remained  in  the  hands  of  the  French,  were  daily 
furrcnderjng  to  the  Imperial  arms.  The  cattle  of 
Milan  capitulated  on  the  24th  of  May;*  the  cita- 

*  The  republicans  first  entered  Milan  in  the  month  of 
May,  179'',  and,  in  May  1799,  it  was  entirely  delivered  of 
the  n;  bu\  they  made  "dreadful  havock  during  their  stay. 
Besides  disfiguring  many  valuable  monuments  of  antiquity, 
and  de^troyinp;  others;;  that  Prince  of  plunderers,  Buonaparte, 
sent  off  a  great  number  of  manuscripts,  paintings,  &c.  &c.  to 
Paris.  Could  the  thieves  of  all  countries  be  collected  toge- 
ther into  an  army,  Buonaparte  would  be  a  fit  cqmmarjder  for 
them. 

Milan  is  a  very  ancient  city,  and  not  more  ancient  than 
farn  J  in  history.  It  was  built  in  ,the  year  39;  after  the 
kuildi#g  of  Ihme  ;  it  has  been  besieged  forty-five  times, 
twenty-three  times  taken,  and  four  times  almost  entirely 
destroyed.  It  was  rased  to  the  ground  by  the  Emperor 
Frederick  Barbarrossa,  in  11 58,  for  its  rebellion.  No^with- 
qtand.-n  g  all  this  devastation,  it  rose  again  out  of  its  ruins,  and 
as  populous  in  the  sixteenth  century,  that,  in  the  y'ear 


ITALIAN    CAMPAIGN.  l8^ 

del  of  Ferrara  followed  on  the  25th  and  Ravenna 
on  the  27th.  Bologna,  where  there  was  a  conlider*-. 
ble  revolutionary  party  with  a  French  regiment,  was 
attacked  by  General  Klenau,  who  had  before  taken 
Ferrara.  Mantua,  therefore,  was  now  the  only 
fortrefs  of  great  importance  that  the  allies  had  left 
behind  them  in  the  hands  of  the  French. 

In  Piedmont,  Cafal  and  Valenza  furrendered 
without  refiftance,  and,  on  the  27th  of  May,  the 
right  of  the  Imperial  army  entered  Turin,  the  gates 
being  opened  by  the  inhabitants  and  the  French 
garrifon  having  retired  to  the  citadel.  Thus  was 
the  capital  of  another  chriftian  Prince,  once  more 
refcued  from  the  tyranny  of  the  barbarians.  The 
republicans  did  indeed,  after  \hcy  retired  to  the 
citadel,  begin  to  play  upon  the  town  ;  but  the  fatal 
effects  of  this  laft  effort  of  their  fiend  lily e  malice 
was  prevented,  by  a  communication  made  to  them 
by  the  order  of  Suworow,  who  affured  them,  that 
unlefs  they  immediately  ceafed  their  fire  on  the  city, 
no  quarter  fhould  be  granted  to  themfelves.  They 
remembered  the  hiftory  of  Ifinacl>  and  they  had  the 
prudence  to  ceafe.* 

j  £24  acc  >rding  to  report,  300,000  persons  were  carried  off" 
fry  the  plague  (without  the  assistance  of  "  mercurial  pure  es' 
and,  "  bleeding  almost  to  death"):  at  present  it  contains 
about  170,000  inhabitants.  It  has  twenty  two  gates,  sixty- 
one  churches,  besides  manv  other  magnificent  buildings. 
The  city  is  fortified  by  a  rampart  and  wall,  and  has  a  citadel 
consisting  of  a  castle  surrounded  with  six  bastions  and 
outworks. 

*  It  is  worthy  of  observation,  that  the  republicans  have 
always  been  most  insolent  to  those,  who  were  foolish  enough 
to  treat  them  with  gentleness.  Suivoro^  knew  their  dispo- 
sitions well. 


i9°  su  wo  row's 

There  remained  to  be  reduced  the  citadels  o<f 
Turin,  Alexandria  and  Tortona.  The  firtt  a  möft 
excellent  fortrete,  with  three  thou  Fand  men,  and  an 
ample  fupply  of  ammunition  and  provifions.  Coni, 
whither  Morcau  was  retired,  was  capable  of  defence  ; 
but  from  Coni  to  the  frontiers  of  France,  there 
were  no  fortifications,  except  Savona  and  Mon- 
talban. 

The  defpqts  of  Paris  had  not,  however,  been  idle 
all  this  time.  They  made  great  and  attonifliing 
exertions  to  re  inforce  the  army  of  Morcau  ;  die 
greater  part  of  the  body,  which  was  ftationed  towards 
Nice,  under  the  command  of  Angereau  was  fent 
to  join  him;  two  whole  divihons  were  fent  him 
from  the  army  in  Switzerland ;  and  the  conferipti 
were  battened  away  from  the  interior  of  France, 
in  their  wooden  moes  and  the  bayonet  at  their 
backs. 

The  remaining  hope  of  the  Directory,  was,  to 
attemble  by  facceffive  rc-inforccments  a  body  fuf- 
ficient  to  command  the  attention  of  Suworow's 
army  (now  greatly  reduced  by  the  detachments  he 
had  made  from  it),  'till  Macdonald  could  form  a 
junction  with  Moreau,  or  'till  by  the  rapid  marches, 
which  Macdonald  was  ordered  to  make,  Suworow 
mould -be  placed  between  two  fires. 

Some  fuppofed,  that  Macdonald,  who  was  ad- 
vancing through  Tufcany,  would  proceed  with  all 
halle  to  Genoa,  by  the  way  of  Lucca,  Mafia,  Car- 
rara, and  Sariana;  but  the  plan  was  more  bold. 
Macdonald,  having  been  joined  by  the  divifion  of 
Victor,  inlleadof  attempting  to  join  Moreau  by  pafT- 
ing  through  the  Genoefe  territory,  turned  off  from 
the  lea  fhorc,  and  having  left  moll  of  his  artillery 


ITALIAN    C  A  M  P  A I  C  Ü .  I  9 1 

and  heavy  baggage  in  the  ftatcs  of  the  Church,  pu Hi- 
ed on  with  great  rapidity  through  Modcna  and  Par- 
ma, in  order  to  form  a  jupftibh  with  Moreau  in  the 
Tortoncfc,  whence  they  were  to  crofi  the  Po  to- 
gether and  march  to  the  relief  6(  Mantua. 

This  plan  was  not  injudicious,  its  execution  was 
committed  to  men  of  great  fkill  and  of  undoubted 
bravery,  and,  had  it  lucceeded,  the  Impcriali.Ls 
would  not  only  have  loft  all  their  conquelts  in  the 
Cifalpine  Republic,  but  would,  thcrnlclves,  have 
been  placed  in  a  very  dangerous  filiation.  But, 
it  was  completely  fruftrated  by  the  fuperior  genius, 
the  watehfulnefs,  and  the  unexampled  promptitude 
of  Suworow, 

Moreau's  head  quarters  were  at  Coni,  between 
which  and  Genoa  he  preferved  a  communication. 
Suworow  was  at  Turin,  from  which  place,  in  order- 
to  aid  the  loyal  Piedmontefe  and  to  prevent  Moreau 
from  receiving  fuccours  acrofs  the  Alps,  he  had 
pufhed  on  his  advanced  pods  to  Suza,  AfTictta, 
and  Pignerola,  and  had  detached  a  party  to  take 
pofTernon  of  the  valleys  of  Vaudois,  where  the  French 
had  raifed  the  people  in  their  cause.  The  advanced 
gmrd  of  his  army  extended  to  Cherafeo  and  its 
neighbourhood.  He  was  making  preparations  for 
the  fiegc  of  the  Citadel  of  Turin,  while  he  over- 
looked and  protected  the  blockades  of  the  cita- 
dels of  Alexandria  and  Tortona.  Numerous,  how- 
ever as  were  the  objects  that  demanded  his  attenti- 
on, the  motions  of  Macdonald  did  not  efcape  his 
watchful  eye;  and,  though  he  had  little  expectation 
of  the  republican's  attempting  what  it  afterwards 
appeared  he  had  in  view,  yet  the  Field  Mäffhal 
took  care  to  Ration  Major  General  Hohenzollern, 


igz  suworow's 

with  a  confiderable  body  of  troops,  at  Modena,  and 
Lieut;  General  Ott,  with  ten  thou  fand  men,  at  Fort 
Novo,  between  Parma  and  Placenza,  while  the 
body,  under  Gen,  Klenau,  at  Bologna,  was  ordered 
to  come  up,  and  ad  as  a  corps  of  referve  to  either' 
of  thefc  that  Ihould  be  attacked. 

Suworow,  as  soon  as  he  was  apprized  of  the  route 
that  Macdonald  had  taken,  went  from  Turin  to 
Alexandria,  where  he  aflembled  his  army,  on  the 
15th  of  June,  in  order  to  meet  him,  give  him  battle9/ 
and  prevent  any  junction  of  his  army  with  that  of 
Moreatt. 

In  the  mean  time,  Macdonald,  the  celerity  of 
whofe  March  was  atlonrming,  arrived  at  Modena^ 
on  the  1 2th,  attacked  the  advanced  corps  under  Gen. 
Hohenzoliern  and  obliged  him  to  re-crofs  the  Pa 
with  great  precipitation  and  conhdeiable  lofs,  while 
his  fuperior  force  held  Gen.  Klenau  in  perfect  inac- 
tivity. From  Modena  he  puihed  on  with  incredible 
fpeed  through  Reggio  and  Parma, and,  on  the 
prefented  himfelf  befcTe  Fort  Novo,  where  he 
fell  upon  the  corps  under  Gen.  Ott,  who  had  re- 
ceived orders  not  to  weaken  his  force  by  a  ha- 
zardous battle,  but  rather  give  way,  and  retreat  to- 
wards the  main  army,  which  was  advancing  to  his 
fupport. 

Hitherto  the  afrive  and  darins  Macdonald  had 
met  with  no  obftacle.  Moreau,  too,  had  quitted 
Coni,  and  by  rapid  marches,  was  approaching  his 
countrymen;  fo  that,  on  the  17th,  the  Republican 
armies  were  but  a  few  leagues  from  each  other. 
Macdonald  having  proceeded  with  fo  much  facility* 
having  driven  corps  after  corps  before  him,  feems  to 
have  been  intoxicated  with  his  fuccefs;  for,  when  h« 


ITALIAN   CAMPAIGN.  igg 

faw  the  ten  thoufand  men  under  General  Oft  retreat 
fo  haftily  from  Fort  Novo,  with  little  or  no  refif- 
tance,  he  is  faid  to  have  written  to  Moreauin  the 
following  words:  "  La  viBoire  eft  encore  fidcle 
"  aux  armes  des  republicains  i  il  ne  refte  plus  qu'imc 
"  petite  efpace  entrenous,  et  les  routes  font  belles."* 
Moreau  replied  to  the  bearer  of  the  letter  :  11  C'eft 
64  vrai,  qu'il  n'y  refte  qu'une  petite  efpace  cntre 
"  nous  •  mats  dans  edit  efpace  il  ft  trouve  Suzuorcw, 
u  qui  vaut  bien  une  mauvaife  route.t"  But  Moreau 
had  been  at  the  battle  of  the  Adda  ! 

Juft  after  Macdonald  had  driven  in  General  Ott* 
and  had  crofled  the  Trebia,  winch  opened  to  him 
the  way  to  Tortona,  where  Moreau  was  already 
arrived,  he  was  met  by  Suworow.  There  ended 
his  career!  There  he  found,  as  Moreau  had  foretold^ 
"  an  obftacle  full  as  formidable  as  a  bad  road." 
The  gulph  between  Lazarus  and  Dives  was  not 
more  dangerous  and  terrific,  than  the  fpäce  which 
now  remained  between  the  republican  armies. 

The  Field-Marthal  arrived,  with  the  vanguard, 
at  St.  Giovanni,^  at  the  moment  that  Macdonald 
was  making  up  to  it,  in  purfuit  of  General  Ott. 
Suworow,  though  his  troops  were  greatly  fatigued, 
immediately  ruined  on  to  the  fupport  of  General 


*"  Victory  is  still  faithful  to  the  arms  of  the  Republicans : 
w  there  remains  but  a  little  space  between  us,  and  the  roads 
"  are  excellent." 

t  "  It  is  true,  there  is  now  but  a  little  space  between  us; 
"  but  in  that  space  is  Suworow,  an  obstacle  full  as  formidable 
"  as  a  bad  road." 

X  A  Castle  and  small  fortress  in  the  Dutcliy  of  Parma,  ten 
miles  from  Placenzn,  or  Place ntia. 

B  b 


s  u  wo  row's 


Ott,  wit!)  his  vanguard,  under  Prince  Porkraziorjf 
and  two  regiments  of  Qoäacks,  the  latter  he  led  id 
perfon,  and  commenced  a  molt  furious  and  dcftruc- 
tive  attack,  in  which  he  was  Toon  after  fupported  by 
his  infantry,  on  the  left  wing  of  the  French,  who, 
after  an  obitinate  rch'lance,  were  driven  acrok  the 
little  river  Tidone,  leaving  one  thoufand  men  killed, 
a  great  number  wounded,  and  four  hundred  pri  lon- 
ers. In  the  mean  time,  the  right  wing  and  Hank  of 
i he  republicans  were  attacked  by  the  Ruffian  Gene- 
ral Prince  Gorzakow,  while  General  Ott  advanced 
again  ft  the  centre.  The  French  were  rtpuüed  eve- 
ry where,  and  were  all  driven  over  the  Tidone  before 
iun-fet. 

Night  fufpee/Jed,  hut  was  very  far  from  putting 
an  end  to  the  battle.  Macdonald  retreated  to  the 
Trebia,  on  the  left  bank  of  which  he  formed  his 
line  of  battle  during  the  night,  which  Suworow's 
army  pa  fled  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tidone,  fix  or 
ieven  miles  from  the  Trebia,  with  which  it  runs  for 
Ibnie  diftance,  in  a  line  nearly  parallel. 

The  troops,  on  both  tides,  were  cruelly  fatigued. 
Suworow,  therefore,  did  not  put  his  army  in  motion 
'till  late  the  next  morning,  knowing  that  the  additional 
energy,  which  his  troops  would  receive  from1  proper 
refrefhment,  would  more  than  over-balance  any  ad- 
vantage of  pohtion,  that  the  enemy  could  derive 
from  a  few  hours  delay. 

It  was  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the  eighteenth, 
when  the  Imperial  army  broke"  up  from  the  left 
bank  of  the  Tidone,  forded  the  river  in  three  col- 
umns, and  advanced  towards  the  enemy  ;  but,  the 
country,  though  very  fiat,  being  interfered  by  nu- 
merous hedges,  rows  of  vines,  and  deep  ditches,  it 


ITALIAN    CAMPAIGN.  l^j 

was  with  no  fmall  difficulty,  that  Prince  Porkrazion, 
with  the  advanced  guard,  reached  the  French  left 
wing  bv  one  o'clock.  Suworöw's  army  conlifted 
of  feventeeri  battalions  of  RuffiarW,  twelve  battalions 
of  Auftiian  dragoons,  and  three  regiments  of  Cci- 
iaeks,  befldes  the  Auftrian  divifion  under  General 
Ott,  making  in  all  about  30,000  men;  lb  that  the  two 
armies  were  equal  as  to  numbers,  and  that  of  Mac- 
donald  was  ebmpofed  entirely  of  French  troops, 
one  Polifh  legion  excepted.  The  French  had  in- 
deed, the  advantage  of  having  chofen  their  ground  ; 
but,  as  the  country  was  perfectly  level,  and  as  there 
were  neither  redoubts  nor  intrenchments,  this  ad- 
vantage was  very  ineonuderable. 

Now,  then,  the  long-conteiied  quefiion  refpe£Hng 
the  pretended  fitperioriiy  of  republican  courage 
was  to  be  fairly  and  finally  decided.  On  the  one 
iide  were  Imperialijts,  led  by  a  nobleman  not  more 
lamed  for  his  valour  than  Iris  loyalty  and  piety ; 
on  the  other,  were  Republicans,  commanded  by  a 
fanl-MotU,  bold  and  pedeVering,  inured  to  treafon, 
facrilege  and  blood.  The  ttrength  of  the  combat- 
ants was  equal,  and  great  was  the  (take  ;  for,  on  the 
iflbe  of  the  battle  it  depended,  not  only  whether  the 
laurel  mould  grace  the  brow  of  Suworow,  or  of 
Macdonald  •  but,  whether  loyalty,  or  treafon, 
ihould  profper,  and  whether  Italy,  the  feat  of  the 
arts  and  the  garden  of  the  world,  fhouid,  in  f  uture, 
cbnfift  of  Chriftian  Kingdoms  and  Principalities,  or 
of  bale  and  impious  republics. 

Suworow  put  his  right  wing  under  the  command 
of  the  Ruffian  General  Rofenburg,  his  left  under 
that  of  the  Auilrian  General  hie  Lib,  and  the  centre 
under  that  of  the  Ruffian  General  foerfter.  The 


i§6  su  wo  row's 

RuiTiaii  Major  General  Prince  Porkrazion  com- 
manded the  van  guard,  and  Prince  Lichtenftein  the 
referve.  Prince  Porkrazion  had  the  honour  of 
beginning  the  attack.  He  marched  up  to  Macdon- 
ald's  left  wing,  and,  amidit  a  mower  of  balls  and 
grape-mot,  ruined  in  at  the  head  of  his  infantry  with 
fixed  bayonets,  while  his  Coffacks  turned  its  flank. 
The  French  retreated,  leaving  prifoners  in  the  hands 
of  the  Prince,  their  adjutant-general,  two  Colo- 
nels, and  fix  hundred  men  of  the  Polifh  legion, 
with  one  cannon  and  a  pair  of  colours.  Macdon- 
ald,  feeing  the  htuationof  his  left  wing,  dispatched 
to  its  a'iittance  a  Itrong  reinforcement,  to  oppofe 
which  General  Rotenberg  added  the  whole  divifion 
of  Sweykowfky  to  the  van  guard  of  Prince  Por- 
krazion. The  attack  was  renewed,  and  the 
French,  after  a  very  (tout  refiftance,  and  conhdera- 
bie  lofs  in  killed  and  taken,  were  driven  acrofs  the 
Trebia. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  centre  of  the  Imperialifts, 
under  General  Foerfter,  with  its  light  vanguard,  fell 
in  with  the  vanguard  of  the  French,  which  was 
ccmpofed  of  one  thoufand  horfe  and  a  regiment 
of  infantry,  and  was  Rationed  about  half  way  be- 
tween the  Tidone  and  the  Trebia.  This  vanguard 
was  attrcked  and  driven  back  in  great  confuhon  on 
the  centre  of  the  French  line,  which  was  then 
attacked  by  the  Ruffians  with  charged  bayonets, 
and  forced  acrofs  the  Trebia;  but,  Macdonald,  be- 
ing rcfolved,  if  polhble,  to  regain  his  pontion,  and 
having  fpeediiy  re-inforccd  his  centre  with  feveral 
battalions  and  a  ftrong  divihon  of  cavalry,  broke 
through  the  ranks  of  the  Audrian  infantry,  and,  with 
a  body  of  ten  thoufand  men,  reached  the  left  bank, 


ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN. 


*97 


where  he  was,  however,  met  with  Aich  unfhaken. 
courage  by  the  Ruffian  column,  who  coolly  waited 
his  approach,  and  then  threw  themfelves  on  him 
with  fixed  bayonets,  that  he  was  obliged  again  to 
take  fhelter  on  the  other  hde  of  the  river. 

Nor  was  the  left  wing  of  the  Imperiales  lefs 
aQive,  lefs  brave  or  lefs  fuccefsful.  General  Melas, 
having  under  him  the  Auitrian  divifions  of  Generals 
Ott  and  Froelich,  attacked  the  French  with  great 
intrepidity,  and,  though  he  had  to  overcome  intrepi- 
dity equal  to  his  own,  he  finally  fuccecded  in  driving 
the  enemy  from  the  left  bank,  but  without  following 
him  acrofs  the  river. 

Thus  terminated  the  fecond  day  of  this  well- 
fought  batde,  without  any  thing  very  decifive. 
Macdonald's  whole  army  had,  indeed,  been  obliged 
to  retreat  over  the  Trebia  ;  but  the  ground  he  had 
loft  was  not  much,  and  his  new  pofition  was  full  as 
good  as  his  former  one.  To  attack  him  the  Imperi- 
alifts  muft  crofs  the  river,  and,  in  fo  doing  mult  ex- 
pofe  themfelves  to  his  fire.  His  lofs  had,  it  is  true, 
been  conliderable  ;  but  his  allailants  alio  had  met 
with  lofs,  and  the  prifoners  they  had  taken  from  him 
required  troops  to  guard  them.  Befides,  Macdon- 
ald  was  in  hourly  expectation  of  the  arrival  of  a 
legion  of  Ligurians,  un^rr  the  command  of  General 
la  Poipe,  who  were  coming  from  the  mountains  of 
Genoa.above  Bobbio,and  were  to  fall  upon  thcright 
flank  of  the  Imperial  army.  He,  moreover,  enter- 
tained ftrong  hopes,  and  not  without  fome  reafon,  that 
Moreau  would,  during  the  next  day,  come  up  and 
fall  upon  the  rear  of  Suworow,  while  he  engaged 
him  in  front. 

The  Field  Marfbal  did  not  pafs  the  night  without 


suworow's 

anxiety.  He  had  left  the  Count  of  Bellegarde  to 
blockade  in  his  abfence,  the  citadels  of  Toftonä 
and  Alexandria,  and  to  oppofe  as  long  as  poffiblej 
the  progrefs  of  Morcau,  Ihoüld  he  advance  ;  but, 
as  the  force  under  the  Count  was  very  mconhdera- 
ble,  and,  as  the  ftrcngth  of  Moreaus  army  was 
unknown,  the  gallant  and  perfevering  rcfiftancd  of 
Macdonaid,  which  had  already  prolonged  the  battle 
to  an  unexpected  duration,  could  not  tail  to  produce 
uneaiy  fenfaubhs  in  the  mind  of  Suworow.  Du- 
ring the  night,  he  called  his  Generals  together,  and, 
after  having  ftated  to  them  their  fituation,  and  the 
difficulty  they  mult  expect  to  encounter,  he  took 
his  leave  of  them  with  thefe  imprcfiivc  words : 
t:  To-morrow,  gentlemen,  remember,  that  on  our 
u  Iwords  will  hang,  our  own  honours,  the  glory 
"  of  our  Sovereigns,  and  the  late  of  Italy." 

On  the  morning  of  the  19th,  the  troops  of  both 
armies  were  lo  fatigued,  that  the  battle  did  not  be- 
gin 'till  nine  o'clock.  The  lines  were  drawn  up  on 
the  two  banks  of  the  Trcbia.  the  Imperialills  on  the 
left  bank  and  the  French  on  the  right.  The  river 
is  nearly  a  mile  wide  from  bank  to  bank.  The  in- 
termediate fpace  is  an  open  land  divided  by  fcveral 
flreams,  which  were  however,  fordable  in  all  parts. 
While  the  Allies  were  preparing  to  make  an  attack, 
the  French  began  a  molt  tremendous  lire  upon  the 
whole  line,  and,  advancing  at  the  fame  time,  with 
great  celenity,  againlt  the  village  of  Calfaleggio, 
they  turned  the  right  v/ing  of  the  Ruffians,  and  obli- 
ged them, for  forae,  time  to  fall  back;  but,  at  this  in- 
üant,  Prince  Porkrazion  fell  upon  thsir  rear  and  Hank, 
and  made  great  havock  ampngft  them.  They  did 
not,  however,  give  up  their  object;  they  repeatedly 


ITALIAN    CAMPAIGN.  1 

renewed  the  attack  upon  the  village,  and  were 
every  time  repulfed  by  the  Ruffians.  The  whole 
left  wing  of  Macdonald  now  made  a  furious  attack 
upon  the  right  of  the  Ruffians j  the  battle  became 
uncommonly  obllinate  and  bloody;  General  Dahl- 
heim made  the  frft  impreffion  upon  the  French, 
who,  {till  undaunted,  made  a  fecond  attack,  and 
though  General  Holenberg  broke  through  their 
whole  line,  this  did  not  prevent  them  from  rallying, 
and,  with  redoubled  fury,  commencing  a  third  at- 
tack. The  come  ft  was  here  at  la(l  decided  by  the 
advance  of  Prince  Porkrazion,  who,  at  the  head  of 
his  Goffacfcj  threw  himfelf  amidli  the  French  with 
impetuouty,  and  produced  a  confuhon 
of  which  General  Rofenberg  took  advantage  and 
completed  their  defeat. 

To  the  left,  the  attack  of  the  French  was  equally 
violent  on  General  Melas.  They  eroded  the  river 
with  two  tboufand  horfe  and  a  flrong  column  of  in- 
fantry, detaching,  at  the  fame  time,  a  fecond  column 
along  the  Po,  in  order  to  turn  the  left  flank  of  Gen. 
Ott.  But  both  columns  were  repulfed.  Prince  Lich- 
tenllein,  without  considering  his  fnperior  force, 
met  the  vanguard  of  the  cavalry,  attacked  it,  and 
driving  it  back  upon  the  infantry,  broke  the  line. 
The  French,  however,  rallied  again,  and  were 
again  charged  by  the  Prince,  while  the  main  body 
of  the  Aultrians,  with  General  Melas  at  their  head, 
came  up,  and  finding  the  enemy  already  in  confu  - 
lion,  drove  them  hack  with  very  great  lofs  in  killed, 
wounded  and  taken.. 

But,  it  was  for  the  centre  of  the  Imperial  ids, 
compofed  of  R uhlans,  and  commanded  by  Ceiiera) 
Foefier,  that  Macdonald  referved  Iiis  moil  furious 


200 


SUWOROW's 


affault.  Oppofite  this  part  of  the  army  he  had 
erected  fome  confiderable  batteries,  from  which  he 
kept  up  a  conftant  and  heavy  fire,  while  he  in 
perfon  advanced  acrofs  the  river  with  his  cen~ 
tre  column  confifting  of  the  flower  of  his  army. 
The  Ruffians,  without  firing  a  gun,  waited  his 
approach,  with  fixed  bayonets,  'till  he  reached  the 
left  bank  of  the  river,  when  the  whole  column,  led 
by  Suworow  in  perfon  with  General  Focrfter  by  his 
iide,  darted  forward  upon  his  vanguard,  which, 
immediately  recoiling,  threw  the  main  body  into 
confunon.  The  carnage  that  enfued  was  dreadful ; 
but,  Macdonakl,  whom  nothing  feemed  to  difhhear- 
ten,  and  who  ftill  hoped  to  fee  Moreau  arrive, 
rallied  his  troops  and  returned  to  the  aitack.  He 
was  again  repuli'cd  and  thrown  into  confunon,  and 
again  he  rallied  and  renewed  the  fight.  He  was 
repulfed  again,  and  was  again  endeavouring  to 
rally,  but  finding  it  impoßible,  he  attempted  to 
retreat  in  fome  order;  but  in  this  alfo  his  endea- 
vours were  ufeiefs.  The  French  fled  in  the  great- 
eil  diforder  and  were  purfued  'till  the  clofe  of  even- 
ing by  the  victorious  Suworow,  who  ilrewed  the 
fands  of  the  Ti  ebia  with  the  bodies  of  four  thoufand 
republicans.  Tins  blow  put  an  end  to  the  memo- 
rable and  obftmate  battle  of  the  Trebia.  The 
French  we?e  once  more  driven  acrofs  the  river, 
and  night  once  more  meltered  them  from  the  purfuii. 
of  their  enemies. 

Macdonald,  who  had,  at  Iaft,  determined  on  a 
retreat,  did  not  wait  for  the  fun  to  light  him  on  his 
way.  He  decamped  in  the  night,  lending  ofF  the 
divifion  of  Victor  towards  the  Val  de  Taro  to  keep 
open  his  communication  with  Genoa,  and  haftening. 


ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN. 


201 


with  the  reft  of  his  army,  acrofs  the  Duchy  of 
Modena,  towards  Tufeany.  Suworow  did  not, 
like  General  Howe  after  the  battle  of  the  White 
Plains,  defiftfrom  a  purfuit,  faying  that  there  was 
enough  done  for  one  time.  No  ;  he  formed  his 
army  into  flying  columns,  the  Ruflians  on  the  right 
and  the  Anftrians  on  the  left,  and  following  tfye 
fleeing  enemy  with  all  pofTible  fpeed  as  far  as  the 
river  Nura,  where  the  right  column  overtook  their 
rear  guard  near  St.  Giorgio,  made  prifoners  of 
half  the  feventeenth  brigade,  and  about  one  thou  fand 
men  belonging  to  the  regiment  formerly  the  famous 
Auvergne. 

The  purfuit  was  continued,  on  the  2Tpr,  as  far  as 
Fiorenzola.  General  Ott  reached  Bcrgo  St.  Tonio 
the  fame  day,  and,  the  next,  he  piirfucd  the  French 
to  Parma,  where  General  Hohenzollern  had  alrea- 
dy arrived,  and  found  feveral  of  Macdonald's  woun- 
ded men  left  behind.  On  the  22nd  the  army  reftcd 
at  Fiorenzola,  whence,  however,  in  confequcrtce  of 
intelligence  received  from  his  rear,  Suworow  bat- 
tened back,  by  forced  marches,  towards  Tortona. 

The  Ligurian  Legion,  confiding  of  3,000  men* 
Which  Macdonald  had,  for  three  days,  lb  anxiouf- 
ly  expccled,  had  approached  near  to  the  Fcene  of 
action;  but  being  met  by  General  Betctzky,  who 
had  been  detached  by  the  Field-Marfhal  for  that 
purpofe,  they  immediately  retreated  towards  Bobbie, 
Were  purfued  by  General  Betetzyk,  with  two  regi- 
ments of  Coffacks,  and  were  all  dilperfed  except 
500  killed  and  103  taken  prifoners.  But,  Morcan 
had,  during  the  abfence  of  Suworow,  left  Coni  and 
advanced,  with  an  army  of  15,000  men,  into  the 


202 


su  wo  row's 


plains  between  Tortona  and  Alexandria.  On  the 
20th,  he  attacked  the  Auftrian  corps  under  the  Count 
of  Bellegarde,  who  had  been  left  by  the  Field  Marfhal 
to  blockade  thofe  two  citadels.  The  Count's  force 
was  very  inconfiderable  >  he  fucceeded,  however, 
though  with  the  feverc  lofs  of  2,100  men  in  killed, 
wounded  and  prisoners,  in  keeping  Moreau  at  bay 
for  four  days,  at  the  end  of  which,  the  latter,  hear- 
ing of  the  defeat  of  Macdonald,  and  fearing  the  re- 
turn of  Suworow,  began  his  retreat  through  Novi 
and  over  the  Bochetta,  towards  Gavi  and  Genoa, 
and  had  the  good  luck  to  be  out  of  reach  before  the 
Field  Marfhäl  arrived. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  rear  of  Macdonald's  army, 
washärraffed  by  the  divifions  under  Generals  Ou, 
Hohenzoltern  and  Rienau,  who  fent  in  great  num. 
bers  of  prifoners.  The  divifion  of  Viclor  was  com- 
pelled to  abandon  its  pofition  in  the  val  de  Taro, 
and  to  take  refuge  in  the  Genoefe  territory;  and 
Macdonald  himfelf,  driven  from  a  pofition  he  had 
taken  behind  the  Secchia,*  purfuedby  the  Imperial- 
ifls,  harraffed  by  continual  infurreclions  of  the  peo- 
ple in  Tufcany,  betrayed  by  the  Cifalpine  General 
La  IIoz.  whom  he  had  left  in  that  country,  and 
menaced  with  the  approach  of  a  corps  of  Ruffians 
j  irft  landed  near  Ancona,  at  lad  fubmitted  to  abandon 
a  country  disfigured  by  his  crimes.  He  led  off  the 
miferable  remains  of  his  army,  now  reduced  to  about 
F.oco  men,  rirft  towards  Leghorn,  and  thence 
iilong  the  Hates  of  Genoa  and  the  county  of  Nice, 
v.  hence  mod  of  his  fkeleton  divifions  formed  a  junc- 
tion with  Moreau,  while  he  himfelf,  as  a  reward  for 


*  A  river  on  the  confines  of  Tuscany. 


ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN. 


20J 


his  bravery,  his  perfeverance,  his  incredible  toils 
and  fufferings,  and  his  unfhaken  fidelity  to  his  trufr, 
was  neglected,  if  not  difgraccd  by  his  mailers!  Such 
has  ever  been  the  gratitude  of  Republics. 

Suworow  was  now  reaping  the  fruits  of  his  victory, 
amidd  the  admiration,  the  applaufes,  and  benedic- 
tions of  the  people  for  whom  he  was  combating. 
The  lofs  of  the  Imperiales,  in  the  battle  of  theTre- 
bia,  coniifted  of  t  Lieutenant  Colonel,  36  Officers  of 
the  ftafT  and  commifhoncd  Officers,  and  3,250  men, 
killed;  and  of  three  Generals,  3  Colonels,  1  Licu- 
tenant-Coloael,  187  itafT  and  commiihoned  Offi- 
cers, and  4?303  men,  wounded;  making  in  all  7.781 
men.  The  French  loll,  in  killed,  6,200  men.  of 
all  ranks;  in  prifoners  taken  in  the  jield  of  battle, 
5  0:17;  wounded,  made  prifoners,  7.183,  amount 
whom  were  502  Officers  of  the  iraff  and  commif- 
iioned  Officers,  8  Colonels,  2  Generals  of  Divifion 
(Olivier  and  Rufka),  and  2  Generals  of  Brigade 
(Salm  and  Cambrecy) ;  making  in  the  whole  18,470 
men. 

But,  it  was  neither  the  prifoners  taken,  nor  the 
numbers  flam,  it  was  neither  the  duration  of  the 
contelt  nor  the  valour  difplayed,  that  gave  the  mofh 
eclat  to  the  action  on  the  Trebia.  Battles,  which, 
though  long  and  bloody,  are  followed  by  no  impor- 
tant and  durable  confequences,  require  the  iifiidanco 
of  books  to  preferve  them  from  oblivion;  while 
others,  which,  like  thofe  of  Blenheim,  Pult  aw  a, 
Ha  flings,  and  Agincourt,  decide  the  fate  of  a  cam- 
paign, or  change  the  dynafly  of  an  empire,  are  im- 
mortalized without  the  aid  of  hiflorians  or  poets. 
This  is  the  deftiny  of  the  battle  of  the  Trebia  ;  for,  h 
at  once  decided  the  fate  of  the  campaign  and  of  Italy, 


204  su  wo  row's 

The  attempt  of  the  French  Generals  was,  indeed, 
.  an  act  of  boldnefs  approaching  to  temerity,  but  their 
plan  was  vaft,  and  moil  admirable  concerted.  If 
Suworow  had  been  two  days  later,  Moreau  and 
Macdonald  would  have  formed  a  junction,  and,  with 
an  army  of  50,000  men,  would  not  only  have  ob- 
tained a  reinforcement  of  io,OCO  more,  by  relieving 
Mantua,  but  they  would,  by  the  lame  ftroke,  have 
completely  cut  off  all  communication  between  the 
armies  of  Kray  and  Suxvorozu,  and  would  have  had 
it  in  their  power  to  march  againft,  and  to  defeat, 
"whichsoever  they  chofe.  Again,  if  Suworow  had 
bad  five  thoufand  troops  lefs,  if  he  had  not  previouf- 
3y  received  a  reinforcement  from  General  Kray  con- 
trary to  the  fecret  orders  of  the  Aulic  Council,  or 
if  Moreau  or  the  Ligurian  Legion  had  come  up  dur~ 
ing  the  battle,  the  confequence  would  have  been  Hill 
more  fatal.  So  that,  in  whatever  point  it  be  viewed, 
it  was  the  battle  of  the  Trebia  that  purged  Italy  of 
Republicans,  andrellored  feven  Princes  to  their  do- 
minions. 

After  the  battle  of  the  Trebia,  the  Field-Marfhal 
fixed  his  head  quarters  at  Alexandria,  where  he 
covered  the  fieges  of  the  citadel  ofthat  place  and 
that  of  Tortona,  and  where,  ?till  the  battle  of  Novi9 
he  fcemed  to  have  little  more  to  do  than  receive  the 
pieaiing  details  of  the  confequences  of  his  victories 
and  of  his  judicious  arrangements.  The  firlt  in- 
telligence that  arrived  after  his  return,  was  that  of 
the  fun  ender  of  the  citadel  of  Turin,  which  had 
capitulated,  on  condition  of  the  garrifon  being 
fent  to  France  to  be  exchanged  for  an  equal 
.nurpber  of  Auftrians,  General  Fiorella,  the  com- 
rzMi&dni  of  the  gariifon,   and  all   his  pfficersj 


ITALIAN   CAMPAICN,  205 

being  kept  as  hoftages  for  the  fulfilment  of  the 
articles.  Thus  was  this  noble  ciiy,  the  capital  of 
Piedmont  and  the  King  of  Sardinia's  dominions, 
once  more  cleared  of  its  devaltators.*    On  the  30th 


*  It  was  by  the  most  atrocious  perfidy,  that  the  French, 
in  Dec.  1798,  got  possession  of  this  city.  The  timid  Mon- 
arch of  Sardinia  had  made  sarcrifice  after  sacrifice  to  the  peace 
which  he  at  last  obtained;  yet,  while  the  Directory  and 
Councils  were  making  to  him  the  most  solemn  protes- 
tations of  friendship,  their  Generals,  who  pretended  to  be 
preparing  for  the  evacuation  of  his  dominion,  secured  all  the 
passes  to  his  capital,  and  seized  on  it  in  the  midst  of  a  pro- 
found security. 

To  describe  the  devastation,  the  horrid  crimes,  that  suc- 
ceeded this  perfidious  deed,  is  impossible.  "  The  wretched 
"  Sovereign,"  says  the  Anti-Jacobin,  "  was  not  merely 
deprived  of  his  throne,  but  subjected  to  insults  and  degrada- 
tion which  render  life  itself  the  dearest  of  purchases.  When 
the  ruffian  General  Joubert  entered  the  Royal  Palace  at  Tu- 
rin, he  addressed  the  fallen  Monarch  in  language  the  most 
insolent  and  vulgar,  and,  echoing  the  brutal  sentiments  of 
his  Republican  masters,  told  him  the  time  was  come  to  put 
an  end  to  his  perfidious  machinations,  his  infamous  treachery, 
and  his  base  ingratitude  to  the  Grande  Nation.  He  ordered 
him,  in  an  authorative  tone,  to  quit  the  country,  with  his 
wife,  without  delay;  but,  as  forthat  assassin,  his  brother 
(the  Duke  d'Aosta),  he  should  remain,  and  be  sent  avS  a 
hostage,  to  France.  Here  fraternal  affection  arose  superior 
to  every  other  feeling  in  the  breast  of  this  unhappy  prince  ; 
he  begged,  intreated,  and  implored  for  permission  to  take 
his  brother  with  him  into  exile.  Joubert  remained  inexo- 
rable. At  length  the  King,  forgetful  of  his  dignity,  and 
departing  from  that  manliness  of  sentiment  which  dignifies 
misfortune,  and  palliates  disgrace  itself,  burst  into  tears, 
and  threw  himself  at  the  feet  of  t  hi  is  wretched  upstart,  t:ii> 
}ow,  base  reptile,  engendered  in  the  filth  of  the  revolution, 
this  miserable  satellite  of  a  regicidal  Pentarchv,  who,  either 
from  a  momentary  impulse  of  pity,  foreign  from  his  nature, 
or  from  the  sudden  adoption  of  a  secret  resolution  tobender 
fry  subsequent  measures,  his  indulgence  nugatory,  owned 


so5 


SUWÖROW'S 


of  June  the  French  garrifon  of  Bologna  capitulated 
with  General  Klenau,  and  at  the  lame  time,  the  few 
fans- culottes  that  remained  in  Florence,  retreated  to 
Leghorn,  where  as  they  could  efcape  no  further, 
they  capitulated.  The  iniignificant  garrifons,  that 
had  been  left  in  different  parts  of  Tufcany  followed 
the  example  of  their  brother  republicans,  and  laid 
down  their  arms,  one  after  another  ;  not,  however, 
before  they,  and  their  predecefiors,  under  Cham- 
poinet  and  Macdonald  had  left  the  print  of  their 
rapacious  and  facrilegious  hands  on  that  beautiful 
and  happy  country,  and  deftroyed  in  fix  months, 
the  fruit  of  forty  years  wife  and  paternal  admmi ([ra- 
tion, which  all  the  conceffioris,  humiliations  and 
facrifices  of  the  Grand  Duke  had  not  been  able  to 
preferve  from  their  clutches.  In  the  States  oj  the 
Church,  where,  two  months  before,  *fi  nothing  wai 
**  to  be  feen  but  fcaftolds,  ruins,  famifhed  mhabi- 


to  signify  to  the  supplicating  Monarch  (but  still  preserving 
his  tone  of  insolence  and  arrogance)  his  compliance  with 
the  request.  The  Royal  Famijy,  accordingly,  prepared  for 
their  departure.  As  they  entered  the  carriage,  they  were 
hailed  with  the  tears  and  lamentations  of  an  affectionate  peo- 
ple ; — for  (will  posterity  bt lieve  it  !)the  Prince  thus  banish- 
ed from  his  dominions  by  a  foreign  banditti  was  bel&vtd  bv  his 
subjects."  One  would  have  thought,  that  this  was  enough 
to  gratify  even  republican  envv  and  malice;  but,  the  savage 
Joubcrt  (whom  we  srjall  soon  see  Suworow  str  tch  dead 
upon  the  plain)  was  not  yet  content,  he  stripped  the  King 
and  Queen  of  their  money  and  jewels,  and  seized  every 
*  thing  valuable  in  the  palace.  The  Royal  Captives  were 
y  conducted,  through  the  Duchies  ot  Milan  and  Modena,  into 
Tuscanv.  On  the  24th  of  February  they  embarked  on  board 
a  Ragusian  ship  at  Leghorn,  whence  a  part  of  the  English 
Squadron,  which  wai;e  i  at  a  distance,  conveyed  them  to  tho 
island  of  Sardinia. 


ITALIAN    CAMPAIGN.  207 

a  tants,  the  mod  horrible  tyranny,  all  the  crimes  of 
"  avarice,  oppreflSon,  revenge  and  de f pair  in 
the  States  of  the  Church,  two  months  before  ruled 
by  an  execrable  republican  banditti,  who  extorted 
the  lafh  cruft  from  thepeafant,  and  who  anfwercd  the 
cries  of  hunger  with  the  bayonet;  in  thefe  opprefTed 
States  there  now  remained  only  a  imall  garrifon  in 
Ro me  (whence  Champoinet  had  been  recalled,  and 
whence  Macdonald  had  withdrawn  a  great  part  of 
the  troops),  a  ft  1 1 1  fm  aller  in  Ancona  and  in  Civita 
Vecchia.  The  republican  troops  in  the  interior  were 
reduced  to  a  few  bands  or  roving  thieves,  who,  for 
fafety,  depended  upon  their  hiding-places  rather 
than  their  arms.  Lower  down,  in  the  Neapolitan 
dominions,  affairs  took  a  turn  (till  more  decided. 
Some  remains  of  the  Royal  army  having  aflembled 
in  Calabria,  with  lome  of  the  peafants,  marched 
under  the  brave  Cardinal  Ruffo,  to  the  relief  of 
Naples,  foon  after  it  was  left  by  Macdonald.  Jult 
as  the  city  had  opened  its  gates  on  the  27th  of  June, 
in  confequence  of  a  capitulation,  which  the  King  af- 
terwards refufed  to  ratify  becaufe  it  ftipulated  a 
pardon  for  the  traitor  Moliterno,  Lord  Nelfon,  with 
his  fquadron  arrived  in  the  Bay,  and  the  forts  of 
St.  Elmo,  Capua,  and  Gaeta,  being  very  foon 
recaptured,  and  the  French  fenthome  on  parole,  the 
King  returned  to  his  capital  about  the  end  of  July, 
after  having  been  exiled  from  it  for  the  fpace  of  four 
months.  The  traitor  Moliterno  was  fwung  from  the 
yard  arm  of  a  Britifh  frigate,  and,  before  the  end  of 
July,  the  deliverance  of  the  whole  Kingdom  of 
Naples  was  completed  by  the  exertions  of  Admiral 
Nelfon  and  Captain  Trowbridge,  with  the  lailors 
and  marines  under  their  command,  aided  by  a 


2C8  SÜWOROVv's 

few  flight  detachments  of  Neapolitan,  Ruffian,  and 
Britifh  troops. 

But  had  it  not  been  for  the  glorious  refult  of 
*thc  battle  of  the  Trcbia*  had  Macdonald  formed  a 
junction  with  Moreau,  or  had  the  former  defeated 
Suwcrow,  inftead  of  having  his  own  army  almoft 
annihilated,  the  re-conqueffs  of  Naples,  Tufcany,&c* 
would  not  have  taken  place  ;  or,  if  they  had,  they 
would  have  been  of  fhort  duration,  and  would  only 
have  tended  to  irveenfe  the  Tyrants  of  France,  who 
would,  with  their  ufual  impudence,  have  termed 
them  rebellions,  and  would  have  made  them  the  pre- 
text of  new  conhTcations  and  murders.  It  Was* 
then,  to  the  battle  of  the  Trebia  that  this  long  and 
rapid  fucceffion  of  happy  events  was  to  be  attribu- 
ted ;  it  was  that  which  revived  the  hopes  and  the 
courage  of  all  honeft  men  in  Italy,  and  plunged 
half  a  million  of  mifcreants  into  defpair.* 

*  The  wretches,  which  the  French  put  into  power  in  Italy- 
are,  and  very  properly,  become  objects  of  ridicule  with  all 
good  men.  Their  fall  is  one  of  those  acts  of  justice,  which 
we  may  contemplate  with  sensations  unmixed  with  pain. 
In  their  crime  as  well  as  in  their  punishment,  they  bear  a 
strong  resemblance  to  the  Jews;  the  latter  crucified  the  Au- 
thor of  Christianity,  and  the  former  endeavoured  to  destroy 
Christianity  itself.  Both  are  wandering  over  the  face  of 
the  wide  world,  without  a  country  to  own  them. — On 
this  occasion  I  cannot  help  quoting  a  passage  from  a  little 
poem,  entitled,  "  The  Fall  of  Cisalpina,"  published  in  that 
excellent  periodical  work,  Toe  Anti-Jacobin  Re-view  and 
Magazine. 

'i  he  Author  conducts  a  fugitive  ex-director  of  the  Cisalpine 
Republic  to  London,  whence  he  looks  back  (as  is,  I  believe 
usually  the  case  wit!-  all  confiscators ),  with  tears  in  his  eyes> 
to  the  country  and  ti.r.-,  where  and  when  his  talents,  or 
rather  talon::,  were  employed  in  the  profitable  work  of  con- 
fiscation and  murder: 


ITALtAN    CAMPAIGN.  2CK) 

While  the  Imperiales  were  thus  gathering  the  well 
earned  fruits  of  their  former  victories,  the  French 

u  Time  w.ie,  I  hastened  on  the  banks  of  Po 

The  Hatchet  quick,  and  contribution  *lo\*  : 

Compeli'd  the  pamper'd  Noble  to  retreat, 

And  garrison'd  myself,  his  feudal  seat : 

Steel'd  the  young  patriot's  squeamish  arm  to  kill, 

And  learn  the  luxury  of  doing  ill  ! 

With  ardour  snapp'd  the  matrimonial  thrall,] 

Then  ruled,  as  Abbess,  in  a  convent's  wall  : 

Till  the  wild  Russian  join'd  in  Austria's  cause, 

To  prop  religion,  reinstate  the  laws, 

Restore  to  slavery,  Lombardia's  race, 

And  dash  the  new  republic  from  her  base." 

"  Ah  !  sad  I  hasten  d  through  the  midnight  gloom, 

Willi  Brutus  head  and  breeches,  en-iostunit  ; 

When  (as  good  Marius,  'mid  Minturnae's  bogs, 

In  silent  anguish  fraterniz'd  withfiogs.) 

Quick  oe'r  Feirara's  marshy  plains  I  hi  d, 

No  wine  to  cheei  me,  and  no  moon  to  guide. 

Around  me,  French,  Cisalpines,  Piedmontese, 

(Alas  !  we've  found  no  classic  name  for  these,) 

Ligurians,  Romans,  Spaniards,  Poles,  and  Swiss, 

Conscription  volunteers,  both  Trans  and  CVss, 

(Like  Babel's  bricklayers,)  from  Spw9ro't#'svw> 

O'er  the  communes  in  gay  confusion  ran. 

Quick  march'd  the  Russian  through  the  track  of  blood 

And  each  dzparment  groan'd,  and  melted  where  he  stood." 

"  Next,  through  Milan  I  pass,  and  passing  grieve, 

Then  sighing  leave  her,  perhaps  for  ever  leave, 

Ill-fated  city  !  Commerce  shall  defile 

Thy  crouded  streets,  and  joy  and  plenty  smile  : 

The  busy  murmur  through  thy  marts  shall  grow, 

And  English  stuffs  in  warehouses  o'eilnv  ! 

No  more  the  keen  ey'd  Murder  sha.l  be  seen, 

To  revel  deftly  on  the  guillotine. 

But  sober  Justice  on  tny  bench  sh  ill  sit, 

Throned  by  the  Russian  siec;,  artel  gold  of  Pitt." 

*'  Delays  were  death,  while  wafted  from  my  rear, 

Lou  J  blasts  of  transports  pan  mv  sicken'd  ear  ; 

D  d 


210 


su  wo  row's 


were  meditating  another  attack  on  them,  more  def- 
pcratc  than  before;  in  which,  however,  they  were 
only  preparing  ncwdiigrace  for  themfelves,  andfrefh 
laurels  for  Suworow. 

Moreau,  after  the  battle  of  the  Trebia,  retreated  in 
great  hafte  from  before  Tortona,  and  having  afTem- 
bled  the  remnant  of  his  own  army  and  the  miferable 
{cattered  remains  of  Macdonald's,  amounting  in  all  to 
about  25  or  30  thou  fand  men,  formed,  in  the  beginning 
of  July, a  line  of  defence  in  the  ftrong  pofition,  taken 
by  Buonaparte  when  he  firft  entered  Italy,  and  which, 
from  Savona  to  Vado,  extended  through  the  Ap- 
pennines,  and  behind  the  Bormodia  to  Mellefi- 
mo.  While  the  French  General  was  employed  in 
ftrengthening  his  already  advantageous  ground,  and 
attending  to  the  colle£ting  of  his  army,  and  to  the 
organizing  and  difciplining  of  the  detachments  fent 
to  him  from  the  interior  of  France,  Field  Marfhal 
Suworow,  confining  himfelf  to  advancing  the  fieges 
of  the  important  fortrefies  of  Alexandria,  Tortona 
and  Mantua,  and  having  his  force  very  much  divid- 
ed, undertook  no  operation  either  againft  Genoa, 
fbll  groaning  under  the  yoke  of  republicanifm,  or 
againit  Morcau's  pofition ;  fo  that,  from  the  latter 
end  of  June  to  the  middle  of  Auguft,  when  the  bat- 
tle of  Novi  was  fought,  both  armies  remained  in  a 
ftate  of  feeming  inactivity. 

In  the  beginning  of  Auguft,  Moreau,  to  whofe 


Proclaim  the  victor,  and  confirm  their  choice, 
Bv  each  apostate  renegado's ;  voice  : 
While,  jilted  by  her  votaries,  freedom  sees 
Her  fanes  revers'd,  erased  her  sage  decrees  ; 
Fanatic  crouds  their  exil'd  priests  recall," 
Old  dukedoms  r(tit  and  new  republics  fall  I" 


ITALIAN  CAMPATCV. 


211 


zeal,  patiencj,  courage,  and  military  popularity, 
the  Directory  were  (as  Mr.  Mallet  du  Pan*  juflly 
obferves)  indebted  for  ftill  having  an  army  in  Italy, 
was  ordered  to  give  up  the  command  of  that  army 
to  Jouhcri,  and  was  himfejf  appointed  to  take 
charge  of  the  troops  then  alkmhlingin  Alface. 

Meanwhile  the  citadel  of  Alexandria,  though  de- 
fended by  Gen.  Gardenne,  one  of  the  braveft  officers 
and  ftauncheft  rcpub  icans  in  the  French  army,  ca- 
pitulated, on  the  äift  of  July,  in  a  week  after  the 
trenches  were  opened  by  the  Imperiales,  under  the 
Count  of  Bellegarde.  The  fpeedy  reduction  of  this 
fortrefs  tended  to  fruftrate  the  plans  of  Jcubert, 
whofe  prefent  object  was  to  gain  time,  in  order  to 
re-organize  his  army,  difcipline  the  new  levies  dai- 
ly coming  in  from  France,  enable  frefh  fuccours  to 
arrive,  and  fecure  the  advantage  of  a  diverfion  to  be 
made  by  the  army  of  the  Alps,  which  was  collecling 
in  Dauphine  and  Savory,  under  General  Cham- 
poinet. 

In  this  htuation,  and  with  thefe  views  before  him, 
he  received  the  dreadful  intelligence  of  the  fall  of 
Mantua,  which  noble  city  and  moll  important  for- 
trefs had  furrendered,  by  capitulation,  to  General 
Kray,  on  the  28th  of  July,  after  a  liege  of  twenty- 
days. 


*  To  this  Gentleman's  valuable  periodical  work,  "Le  Men* 
eure  Britannique"  I  am  indebted  for  much  of  the  informa- 
tion contained  in  this  History.  His  knowledge  of  the  state 
of  the  several  revolutionized  countries,  appeals  to  be  supe- 
rior to  that  of  any  other  writer.  From  his  remarks  vn  thai 
subject,  I  have  profited  largely,  and  in  three  or  four  places 
I  have  not  scrupied  to  insert  almost  literal  translations  fior« 
his  profound  and  elegant  writings, 


212 


8  U  WOROW'S 


Jouhtri  wifhed  for  nothing  lb  much  as  delay; 
but,  wjiile  it  was  doubtful  whether  a  delay  of  even  a 
month  would  give  him  all  die  additional  advantages 
he  expected  from  it,  it  was  certain  that  a  few  days 
would  bring  Suworow  a  reinforcement  of  20,000 
victorious  Aufirians  led  by  the  brave  General  Kray. 
This  confederation  determined  Joubert  to  wait  no 
longer,  but  to  take  the  offenfive  himfelf,  attack  the 
Imperialifts  before  the  junction  could  take  place, 
and  raiie,  if  pofiible,  the  liege  of  Tortona. 

Suwprow  fufpected  his  intentions,  and  made  his 
preparations  accordingly.  General  Count  of  Bel- 
legarde, with  8,000  men,  was  ftationed  at  Serzo; 
General  Kray,  who  had  fortunately  arrived  with  his 
army,  was  ordered  to  remain  at  Alexandria,  while 
the  Field  -Manual  himfelf,  with  600  Ruffians,  went 
to  PofTolo  Fonugolo,  leaving  the  reft  of  the  army 
at  Rival  a. 

Or.  the  12th  of  Auguft,  Joubert,  juft  after  he 
had  put  his  army  in  motion,  had  the  mortification  to 
leain,  that  the  much-dreaded  junction  of  Kray  and 
Suwoiow,  which  his  movements  were  intended  to 
prevent,  had  already  been  effected!  This  unwel- 
cone  and  unexpected  news  feems  to  have  given 
him  a  fort  lading  of  the  fate  which  awaited  him :  for 
It  appears  that  he  wrote  to  his  wife  foon  afterwards, 
that  the  unlucky  pofition  of  the  armies  compelled 
him  to  engage  under  circumftances  that  gave  him 
but  little  room  to  hope  for  fuccefs.  It  wa.s,  how- 
ever, too  late  for  him  to  retract;  he  mull  either  ad- 
vance orretreat;  )ongerina6tivity  was  become  impof^ 
£ble.  His  left  wing,  therefore,  advanced  from  Mellef- 
fnno,  eroffed  the  bormida,  diHodged  the  8,000  men, 
under  General  Bellegarae,  from  Serzo,  and  polted 


ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN. 


213 


itfelf  on  the  Orba,  in  the  plains  of  Alexandria.  The 
Count  of  Bellegarde  had  received  orders  to  fall 
back,  after  a  fhew  of  refinance,  in  the  like  manner 
that  General  Ott,  on  a  former  occafion,  had  been 
ordered  to  acl  upon  the  approach  of  Macdonald. 
The  Field-Marfhal  was  refolved  to  render  the  baulc 
general  anddecihve;  he,  therefore,  flrictly  forbade 
the  engaging  in  any  partial  action,  in  conlequence  of 
which  order,  the  advanced  polls  fell  back,  one  after 
another,  and  Joubert,  who  began  to  conceive  hopes 
of  driving  the  whole  army  with  as  much  facility 
as  he  had  done  its  detached  bodies,  pufhed  on  into 
the  vicinity  of  Novi,  and  took  pofleffion  of  that 
town. 

The  beautiful  andextenfive  plain  of  Piedmont, 
where  French  cruelty  had  fo  often  liained  the  ground 
with  the  blood  of  the  innocent  peafant,  is  terminated 
at  Novi  by  a  long  ridge  of  hills,  which  though  not 
very  lofty,  are  extremely  deep  and  rugged.  Upon 
the  top  of  this  ridge,  during  the  1 4th,  the  French  ar- 
my formed  an  encampment,  and  on  the  1.6th,  Jou- 
bert intended  to  make  a  general  attack  upon  the  al- 
lies. In  this,  however,  he  was,  notwithftanding  the 
great  advantage  of  his  pofttion,  anticipated  by  the 
Field  Marfhal,  who  had  not  marched  over  fo  many 
mountains  with  his  RulFians  to  be  flopped,  at  laff, 
by  the  heights  of  Novi.  Minds  like  that  of  Su- 
worow  delight  in  overcoming  phftacles :  the  road  to 
military  glory  is  always  up-hill  and  difficult  ofaf- 
cent. 

On  the  15th,  the  Imperialifts  marched  to  the 
attack.  Joubert's  army  comirlcd  of  about  40,000 
men;  that  of  the  Allies,  of  about  47,000.  The 
fuperiority  of  the  latter,  as  to  the  difciplme  of  the 


214 


SUWOROW'S 


troops,  who  were,  befides,  flufhed  with  viftory,  was 
ftiil  greater  than  their  fuperiority  of  numbers ;  but 
the  fuperiority  of  pofition,  which  the  French  pof- 
feffed  more  than  overbalanced  every  advantage  of 
the  Allies.  Joubert  had  his  line  already  formed, 
and  his  cannon  ready  to  play  upon  the  firft  column 
that  attempted  to  advance  ;  while  the  Imperialists 
had  to  bieak  up,  to  advance,  and  to  form  again, 
under  a  continual  fire,  and  that  too  on  the  fide  of 
a  hill,  upon  which  they  could  hardly  drag  their  cannon, 
much  lefs  bring  it  to  bear  upon  the  enemy. 

The  Imperial  army  was  in  motion  before  day- 
light. The  Field-Marfhal  had  given  orders  that 
the  greateft  filence  fhould  be  obferved,  and  fo 
firictly  were  thefe  orders  obeyed  by  the  feveral 
divifions  that  the  firft  intimation  the  French  receiv- 
ed of  their  approach  was  from  the  gliftening 
of  their  bayonets  in  the  rays  of  the  fun,  juft  peeping 
over  the  horizon.  Inftantly  the  beat  to  arms  was 
heard,  in  the  French  camp,  followed  by  the  Mar- 
fcillois'  hymn,  while  cries  of  Vive  la  Republique  and 
of  Tortone  ou  la  mort  rent  the  air.  But,  the  fans- 
culottes  had  now  to  meet  an  enemy,  whofe  heart  was 
neither  to.  be  foftened  by  founds,  however  fweet, 
nor  appalled  by  noifes,  however  loud  or  hideous. 

The  Allies  advanced  (lowly  and  fteadily  on,  in 
fpite  of  the  molt  tremendous  fire  from  the  whole 
line  of  the  French,  who,  regularly  drawn  up  on  the 
edge  of  the  heights,  took  their  aim  at  leifure,  with- 
out being  expofed  to  a  (ingle  mot  in  return.  Jou- 
bert commanded  his  centre  in  perfon,  Moreau  the 
right  wing,  and  de  Grouchy  the  left.  The  right 
wing  of  the  Impcrialifts.  confiding  of  Bellegarcie's 
corps  of  Auftrians,  was  commanded  by  the  gallant 


ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN. 

Kray,  the  conqueror  of  Scherer  and  of  M«ntua. 
to  the  left  General  Mclas,  with  another  body  0£ 
Auftrians,  was  Rationed  a  little  in  the  rear  to  pro 
tetl  Tortona  againft  the  enemy's  right  wing,  whofe 
destination  was  thought  to  be  againft  that  important 
fortrefs;  the  centre,  compofed  entirely  of  Ruffians, 
was  led  by  Suworow. 

At  five  o'clock  General  Kray  reached  the  top 
of  the  heights,  and  immediately  began  the  attack, 
in  which,  a  few  minutes  after,  he  was  followed  by 
Suworow  in  the  centre.  It  continued  with  great 
violence  for  feveral  hours,  during  which,  both 
fides  alternately  gave  way  and  advanced  again,  'till 
the  Auftrians  and  Ruffians  were  obliged  to  retire. 
About  two  o'clock,  the  Imperialifts  made  another  at- 
tack ;  but,  in  fpite  of  all  their  efforts,  the  French 
üill  maintained  their  ground,  making  dreadful 
(laughter  amongft  their  enemies.  Both  armies  now 
prepared  for  a  third  and  more  mortal  conflicl. :  the 
Imperialifts,  marching  over  the  bodies  of  their  (lain, 
rufhed  in  upon  the  French,  with  the  utmoft  fury. 
The  battle  became  uncommonly  bloody,  the  ground 
was  ftrewed  with  dead  and  dying,  Joubert,  mor- 
tally wounded,  was  with  much  difficulty  carried 
from  the  fpot;  but,  ftill  vi6lory  feemed  to  lean 
towards  the  republicans.  Moft  fortunately  for  the 
Allies,  juft  at  this  moment,  the  brave  old  General 
Melds,  who  had  turned  the  flank  and  beaten  the 
right  wing  of  the  French,  came  up  with  fix  teen 
battalions  of  Auftrian  infantry.  This  decided  the 
conteft.  The  whole  French  line. was  thrown  into 
confufion,  they  abandoned  No  vi  and  its  heights, 
and  fled  with  the  utmoft  precipitation,  jcubrrt 
was  now  dead ;    four  other  Generais,  Pcngnon, 


s 


21  6  '  SU  WO  ROW'S 

Colli,  /ortonntau,  and  Gourchv  (who  has  fmce  died 
of  Iks  wounds),  w7ere  taken  pnfoners  ;  and  Moreait, 
yyho  had  come  to  the  battle  as  a  volunteer  under 
jfoubcri,  led  off,  towards  Nice,  the  wretched  ruins 
of  his  army. 

The  lofs  of  the  French,  in  the  battle  of  Novi, 
confifted  of  thirty  pieces  of  cannon,  fifty-feven  wag- 
gons, 14  ftandard  s,  the  Commander  in  Chief  killed, 
four  Generals  taken  pnfoners,  and  15,000  men,  in 
killed,  wounded,  and  taken.  Nor  was  the  lofs  of  the 
Imperialists  much  lefs,  as  to  numbers.  The  Au- 
ftrians  had  5,600  men  killed  and  wounded,  and  the 
killed  of  the  Rullians,  owing  to  their  obstinacy  in 
rcfufnig  quarter,  was  proportionably  greater.  The 
lowest  computation  makes  the  killed  and  wounded  of 
the  Allies  amount  to  12,000  men.  The  French  were 
faid  to  have  left  five  thoufand  men  dead  on  the  field 
of  battle ;  but,  fuch  was  the  carnage,  fuch  the  in- 
difcriminate  heaps,  in  which  Ruffians,  Auftrians  and 
French  lay  dead,  and  in  which  they  were  buried, 
that  the  exact  number  of  the  latter  was  next  to 
impofhble  to  be  ascertained  by  any  body  but  Mo- 
reau  himfelf,  whofe  mailers  thought  it  prudent 
never  to  publifh  and  detail  on  the  unpleafant  fub- 

The  Directory  did,  however,  confefs,  for  once^ 
that  they  had  been  defeated.  If  Joubert  had 
not  been  killed,  the  ungrateful  defpots  would  moft 
arlurcdly  have  difgraced  him  ;  but  as  he  was  dead, 
thev  were  refolved  to  turn  his  death  to  as  good  ac 
count  as  poihble,  by  paying  to  his  memory  fuch 
funeral  honours  as  were  well  calculated  to  excite, 
amongft  their  volatile  fiaves,  an  enthufiafm  that 
might  ailiii  in  replenishing  their  depopulated  ranks. 


ITALIAN   CAMPAIGN.  2XJ 

Numberlefs  were  the  anecdotes,  which  were  related 
in  proof  of  his  heroifm  5  amongft  oilier  ftones, 
the  filly  people  were  told,  that  even  alter  he  fell, 
he  continued  to  call  out  to  his  army  :  "  en  avant  ! 
"  en  avant  /"*  But,  it  is  much  more  probable, 
that,  when  the  Ruffian  bullet  entered  his  heart,  he 
cried  out,  "  Mon  Dicu  /"f  and  fainted.  Not 
content,  however  with  making  him  a  republican 
hero,  they  muft  alfo  make  him  a  Knight-errant. 
It  was  faid,  that,  as  he  marched  up  to  the  battle, 
he  placed  the  portrait  of  his  newly  married  wife  in 
his  bofom,  faying  to  his  officers  :  "  11  jaut  bien 
u  que  je  triomphe  !  J'ai  jure  ä  ma  jemme  et  d  ma 
"  party  ie,  que  J'arracherai  le  lauricr  de  la  tcte 
"  de  ce  RuJJer\  That  joubert  Ihouldhave  lworn 
this,  is  not,  indeed,  incredible  :  it  was  only  adding 
one  more  falfe  oath  to  thofe  he  had  taken  to  fup- 
port  his  King,  and  two  Conftitutions,  all  of  which 
he  had  fucceffively  aflifted  to  deftroy ;  nor  were 
hi>  expreflions  at  all  incompatible  with  that  mix- 
ture of  frivolity  and  ferocity,  which  characterife  the 
republicans  of  France;  but,  he  forgot,  or  was  not  in- 
formed, that,  if  there  was  any  valour-infpiring  virtue 
in  portraits,  Suworow  carried  one  at  his  brealt  as  well 
as  he.  J  At  any  rate,  neither  the  oath  nor  the  portrait 

*  "  Go  on!  Goon!  V 
t  "  My  God!  " 

J  "I  must  surely  conquer  !  I  have  sworn  to  my  wife  and 
to  my  country,  that  I  wi  11  tear  the  laurel  from  the  brow  of 
th  is  Russian." 

§  The  portrait  of  the  Empress  of  Russia.  See  the  plate  gj 
the  bead  of  this  work, 

E  e 


2l8 


su  wo  row's. 


was  of  any  avail.  The  laurel  ftill  grew  and  ftill  flou- 
riflied  on  the  brow  of  Suworow,  who  now  became  a 
Prince  in  addition  to  his  other  titles;  while  dif- 
appointment,  defeat  and  death  were  the  lot  of  the 
prefumptuous  Joubert,  whofe  vile  carcafe  went 
to  fatten  the  land  of  that  very  King  of  Sardinia, 
whom,  only  feven  months  before,  he  had  betrayed 
and  driven  from  his  palace  and  his  dominions,  and 
whofe  misfortunes  he  had  aggravated  by  every 
Ipecies  of  contumely,  infult,  and  degradation.* 

With  the  battle  of  Novi  terminated  Suworow's 
Campaign  in  Italy,  whence  he  foon  after  marched, 
with  his  Ruffians,  to  co  operate  with  the  brave 
Archduke  Charles,  in  Switzerland  and  on  the  Rhine, 
leaving  the  Au'trians,  under  Generals  Kray  and  Me- 
ias,  to  act  agairift  the  French  army,  which  was  now 
ftationed  in  the  ftates  of  Genoa,  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  ferocious  Champoinet,  the  plunderer 
of  Naples  and  of  Rome.  This  army  was  con- 
fiderably  augmented,  and  gave  that  of  the  Auftrians 
no  fmall  embarraffment  ;  but,  though  Genoa, 
when  tire  lad  advices  came  away,  ftill  writhed  under 
the  horrible  tyranny  of  the  republicans,  and  though 
fome  few  paffes,  ports,  and  trifling  diftricls,  on  the 
fkirts  of  Savoy  and  Piedmont,  ftill  remained  in  their 
pofteftion,  their  forces  were  acting  rather  as  defend- 
ers of  France  than  invaders  of  Italy.  Civita-Vec- 
chia  and  Rome,  the  only  places  of  the  fouth  remain- 
ing in  their  Hands,  furrendered  ;  the  former,  to  the 
brave  and  e^terprizirig  Captain  Trowbridge  of  the 
Ikitifn  Navy  ;  and  the  latter,  to  the  no  lefs  gallant 
General  Baucard,  a.  Swifs,  in  the  fervice  of  the 


*  See  the  note  in  page  20^. 


ITALIAN  CAMPAIGN.  2I9 

King  of  Naples,  having  under  his  command  a 
body  of  Neapolitans  and  Ruffians,  and  a  few 
Britim  foldiers  and  marines,  who  alfo  had  the  hon- 
our to  affift  in  wrefting  the  city  of  the  Caefars 
from  the  hands  of  the  Gauls,  while  their  country- 
men, at  Acra,  were  defending  the  tombs  of  anti- 
quity againft  the  wrath  of  thele  modern  barbarians. 

But,  all  thefe  fubfequent  events  were  no  more 
than  the  natural  confequences  of  the  victories  of 
Suworow.  It  was  to  his  wifdom,  his  valour,  his 
promptitude  and  perfeverance,  and  to  the  animat- 
ing confidence  which  his  great  name  infpired,  that 
Italy  owed  its  deliverance.  In  the  fpace  of  four 
months  from  the  latter  end  of  April  to  that  of 
Auguft,  he  tore  up  by  the  roots  four  republican 
and  infidel  defpotifms,  watered  by  the  blood  of  the 
loyal  and  the  faithful,  and,  in  their  ftead,  replanted 
Royalty  and  Chriftianity.  The  Cifalpine,  the  Li- 
gurian,  the  Roman  and  the  Vefuvian  republics  are 
no  longer  known  but  as  monuments  of  his  lame, 
while  eighteen  millions  of  people,  delivered  from 
the  degreiding  curfe,  are  daily  calling  to  heaven  for 
bleflings  on  his  head. 

END 

Of  the  Italian  Campaign, 


Cvpy  Right  Jecurcd  according  to  Law. 


\ 


